• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.129-138
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• 2008

This study was carried out to examine the growth condition of Chionanthus retusa, roadside tree in Cheongyechon (CGC) and to investigate the relationship soil characteristics and tree vitality and chlorophyll contents of it. Growth condition of tree (condition of flower, leaves and branch, % of flowering, height, diameter at breast height, width, vitality and chlorophyll contents) and physiochemical relation item (pH, organic matter, K, Mg, Na, Ca, P) were investigated. The result are as follows : 1. The growth condition of flower, leaves and branch in the left side of CGC is better than the right side since the quantity of sunshine of left side of CGC is much more than the right side. 2. The average pH was alkaline. P and organic contents were much lower than the standards. 3. Tree vitality and chlorophyll contents were bad where were high user density and high buildings, such as 1, 2 area near Jong-gak and jongro 3 ga. Among the physiochemical factors of soil which affect tree vitality, K and P were found to be the main factors. Therefore, in order to improve the growth environment of roadside tree in CGC, it is needed to do periodical soil fertilizing and improve physical characteristics of soil such as, permeability and porosity by soil conditioner.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.29-41
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• 1988

This study was performed to investigate the air pollution levels in Daegu area titrough measuring of contents of water, chlorophyll, water soluble sulfur and lead metal in the leaves of roadside trees and chemical properties of soil under the urban trees. The results can be summarized as follows 1. The range of water content was from 60.4% to 74.6%. The comparisons of chlorophyll, water soluble sulfur and water content were regression equation, chlorophyll=0.1981+ 0.0040 water content (July), water soluble sulfur=3,139-0.0416 water content (July). and correlation coefficient, r=0.561 and r=0.549 respectively 2. Average contents of chlorophyll, water soluble sulfur and lead metal in the leaves of roadside tree at sampling sites were chlorophyll 0.050, 0.072mg/cm$^2$, water soluble sulfur 0.244, 0.333%, and lead metal 12.25, 12.68ppm in Oct. and Jul. respectively. 3. Correlation between chlorophyll and contents of water soluble sulfur and lead metal in the leaves of roadside tree at sampling sites were water soluble sulfur r=-0.564, -0.613 and lead metal r=-0.693, -0.699 in October and July, respectively. 4. Correlation between chlorophyll and water content, water soluble sulfur and lead metal in the leaves of tree showed positive significance.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.1189-1193
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• 2002

This study was conducted to determine the contents of heavy metals in leaves of roadside trees according to different growth stages in Daegu city. The orders of heavy metal contents in leaves of roadside tree and soil were Fe>Mn>Zn>Pb>Cu>Cr>Cd and Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu>Pb>Cr>Cd, respectively. The contents of heavy metals in leaves of roadside trees and soil showed an increasing tendency as the levels of traffic volume increased. The contents of heavy metals in loaves on October were higher than those on May. Zelkova serrate and Ginkgo biloba showed high contents of Cr, Cd and Pb.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.199-208
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• 1993

To estimate the level of the air pollution in Taejon city, the contents of S, Pb and Cd of the leaves of the roadside trees were deterimined. And we analyzed the relationship between the contents of S, Pb and Cd in the leaves of the roadside trees and traffic volume. The ranges of S, Pb and Cd contents in all the samples were 1.82~4.34 mg/g, 1.95~$246.80{\mu}g/g$ and 2.00~$20.50{\mu}g/g$ respectively. Areas with the high contents of S, Pb and Cd in the leaves were the road from Taejon railroad station to the provincial government, West Taejon crossroad, Taehwa-dong, Kasuwon-dong and Yongmun crossroad.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1988

This study was carried out to measure the contents of soluble sulfur and heavy metals in the leaves of roadside tree at 34 sampling sites of Seoul area from the Sep. 1 to Sep. 30 during 1985 and 1986. The results were as follows; 1. Average contents of soluble sulfur at all sampling sites were; Plantanus orientalis 0.474%, Ginkgobioloba 0.562%, and Salix pseudolasiogyne 0.566%. 2. Correlation between sulfur dioxide concentration in the air and soluble sulfur in the leaves by area were; Green belt area R = 0.985, Residential area R = 0.856, Commercial area R = 0.668, Industrial area R = 0.886. Correlation by species were ; Platanus orientalis R = 0.817, Ginkgobiloba R = 0.771, Salix pseudo-lasiogyne R = 0.824. 3. Correlation between $SO_X$ concentration in the air and sulfur contents in the leaves showed positive significance. 4. Contents of soluble sulfur in the heavy traffic area were higher than that of light traffic area. 5. Heavy metal contents of 1986 were higher than that of 1985; Fe> Mn > Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd > Cr. 6. Lead contents in the leaves of 1986 were; Platanus orientalis 16, 701 ppm, Gingobiloba 21,729ppm, Salix Pseudo-lasiogyne 12.418 ppm.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

Use of de-icing salts results in accumulation of high concentrations of ions on roadside soils and tree. The purpose of this study isto determine translocation of seasonal impact of exchangeable cations originating from de-icing salt on roadside surface soil-plant influenced by the intensity of foliar damage (NY = 0-25%, SY = 26-50%, CY = 51-75%) of trees. This paper investigated the concentration of four exchangeable cations ($K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Na^+$, and $Mg^{2+}$) on the roadside surface soil. The tree (Ginko biloba) samples were collected from the Konkuk and Judeok intersections in Chung-ju city. The sequential extraction procedure was applied to 120 soil samples of the soilsurface and 30 tree samples. Four cation exchange ions were determined by ICP-OES. The content of four exchangeable cations present on roadside soil was found to be the lowest in NY but highest in CY from tree pits in the order of NY < SY < CY. Especially, the results were apparent during spring time compared to other seasons. Soil collected from tree pits had the highest concentration of $Ca^{2+}$ possibly due to a higher volume of traffic on those streetsresulting in splashing of more calcium chloride ($CaCl_2$). The analysis of three exchangeable cations ($K^+$, $Mg^{2+}$, and $Na^+$) in the tree leaves revealed higher levels than roadside surface soil when foliar damage ratio increased in the order of NY < SY < CY in summer. In addition, a strong positive linear relationship was observed between the concentration of exchangeable cations in soil and trees. It is hypothesized that the results of this study can be a valuable baseline for managing de-icing salt on roadside soil and trees, in order to mitigate the salt stress that can damage the roadside soil and trees.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.161-168
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• 2020

It is known that different plant species have ability to deposit different amounts of particulate matter (PM) on their leaves and plants can absorb heavy metals in PM through their leaves. Heavy metals in PM can have toxic effect on human body and plants. Therefore, PM on different roadside trees at Chungbuk national University including box tree (Buxus koreana), yew (Taxus cuspidate), royal azalea (Rhododendron yedoense), and retusa fringetree (Chionanthus retusa) was quantified based on particle size (PM_>10 and PM_2.5-10). The metal concentration in PM accumulated on leaves was analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy. In this study, the mass of PM_>10 deposited on the surface of the tree leaves ranged from 6.11 to 32.7 ㎍/㎠, while the mass of PM_2.5-10 ranged from 0 to 14.8 ㎍/㎠. The royal azaleas with grooves and hair on the leaf surface retained PM particles for longer time, while the yews and box trees with wax on leaf surfaces accumulated more PM. The PM contained elements in crustal material such as Al, Ca, Mg, and Fe and heavy metals including Cu, Pb and Zn. The concentration of elements in crustal material was higher in the coarser size, while heavy metal concentration was relatively higher in the finer size fraction. The Mn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations of leaves and PM_2.5-10 were significantly correlated indicating that PM was taken up through tree leaves.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.28-33
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• 2006

This study was conducted to find potentialities of the leaves of gingko tree (Gingko biloba L.) which has been planted as a roadside tree in Korea because of its resistance on air pollution, insect, fungi, etc. Various amounts of the leaves were mixed with wasted wood particles to manufacture particleboard. Their influences on physical and mechanical properties and the formaldehyde emission of PB were investigated. Physical and mechanical properties, such as density, modulus of rupture (MOR), and internal bond (IB) strength, of manufactured particleboard were not much different from those of control board. Formaldehyde emission values were decreased with increasing amount of leaves in PB prepared. Especially, particleboard made with 3 percent of leaves was decreased to $1.66mg/{\ell}$ in formaldehyde emission, which is about 40% lower emission than that of control. From these results, the leaves of gingko tree may be considered as a formaldehyde emission lowering additive in a functional PB manufacturing process.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.405-420
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• 2014

To investigate geochemical characteristics of soil and atmospheric environments by anthropogenic source, we have analyzed and determined heavy metal concentrations of the surface soils beneath roadside trees and leaves of Platanus occidentalis from 52 points in Seoul during autumn 2001. For comparison of the contents of heavy metal for the soil and leaf, we have analyzed heavy metal contents of the surface soils beneath roadside trees and leaves from 2 points in rural area of Yesan during the same time period. The composition of heavy metals of soils are relatively high for Cd, Co, Cr and Ni in industrial area (IA, Industrial Area) and high for Cu, Pb and Zn in heavy traffic area (HTA, Heavy Traffic Area). The heavy metal contents of rural area in Seoul are higher than those in Yesan. The differences of chemical compositions between the washed and unwashed leaves are high for Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in the HTA. The element couples of Cd-Co, Cr-Ni and Pb-Zn for the soils had shown a good correlation and their contamination sources could be similar. The relationship for Pb-Cu and Cu-Zn showed good correlation in Platanus leaves. The relationship between soils and unwashed leaves show a good correlation for Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn but low correlation for Cd, Co, Fe, Mn and Ni. It is thought that the Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn were derived from contaminants of soils, whereas Cd, Co, Fe, Mn and Ni were originated from atmospheric source. From the spatial variations of elements for soils and leaves, Ni and Cr were dominant in the soils of IA and Cd, Cu and Zn were dominant in those of HTA. The Contamination by Cd-Pb and Cu-Zn in unwashed leaves were analyzed to show similar patterns. Using the enrichment factors (EF) of heavy metals in unwashed leaves, the EF sequences were to be Cu, Zn, Pb, Mn, Co, Ni, Cd and Cr. We identified that Cu, Zn, Pb and Mn were most problematic of environmental hazard in Seoul.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.65-75
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• 2008

This research was conducted to determine heavy metal contents of soil and tree in pear orchard located near national road with heavy traffics. Topsoil (0-15 cm depth) and subsoil (15-30 cm) samples in pear orchard located within 40 m from national road had higher Pb, Cu, and Zn contents than background orchard (BG) and these heavy metal contents decreased with distance from road. Topsoil samples taken at 10 m from national road had 4 times higher level in Pb, 3 times in Cu, and 2.5 times in Zn compare to BG. The Cd contents of topsoil in orchard were higher than those of BG but were not in subsoil. Highest heavy metal contents of pear leaves in roadside orchard were 20.08 in Pb, 7.02 in Cu, 30.83 in Zn, and $1.68\;mm.kg^{-1}$ in Cd and these heavy metal contents in roadside orchard were higher than BG. Cd contents of fruit and Pb contents of fruit stalk in roadside orchard were higher than BG and these heavy metal contents decreased with distance up to 40 m from the road.