• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.59-77
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of traffic-related air pollution on the urban population in the Metropolitan Seoul area. In particular, this study analyzes urban population exposure to traffic-related particulate materials(PM). For the purpose, this study examines the relationships between traffic flows and PM concentration levels during the last fifteen years. Traffic volumes have been decreased significantly in recent year in Seoul, however, PM levels have been declined less compare to traffic volumes. It may be related with the rapid growth in the population and vehicle numbers in Gyenggi, the outskirt of Seoul, where several New Towns have been developed in the middle of 1990's. The spatial pattern of commuting has changed, and thus and travel distances and traffic volumes have increased along the main roads connecting CBDs in Seoul and New Towns consisting of large residential apartment complexes. These changes in traffic flows and travel behaviors cause increasing exposure to traffic-related air pollution for urban population over the Metropolitan Seoul area. GIS techniques are applied to analyze the spatial patterns of traffic flows, population distributions, PM distributions, and passenger flows comprehensively. This study also analyzes real time base traffic flow data and passenger flow data obtained from T-card transaction database applying data mining techniques. This study also attempts to develop a space-time model for assessing journey-time exposure to traffic related air pollutants based on travel passenger frequency distribution function. The results of this study can be used for the implications for sustainable transport systems, public health and transportation policy by reducing urban air pollution and road traffics in the Metropolitan Seoul area.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.787-796
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• 2012

This study, as a purpose of viewshed anaiysis is selected for the view route, View of the target yunseondo wonlim (scenic sites No.34) located in the terrain ridge. Using GIS Viewshed analysis carried out and the results reflect the view route was selected. The basic research for this study, the scenic sites such as the natural and cultural resources for the efficient and optimized to create the route view. Viewshed Analysis results could be summarized as follows: Along a scenic sites located inside the main ridge Viewshed analysis was carried out. This overlapping the cumulative results are Leading to Nakseojae(樂書齎) Seyeonjeong(洗然亭) from space in the visible frequency higher natural villages of the district. Selected the view route and were on the road and in the topographic map nesting along Visible high-frequency region. Based on the results of the nested Viewshed major selected six points Viewshed analysis was carried out. Resource for the surrounding landscape. Results determine whether the visibility of the surrounding landscape was identified as the viewable area appears good. Finally Viewshed Analysis results for six points in the final review.

• Transactions of the KSME C: Technology and Education
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.165-173
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• 2015

This paper presents numerical results of static structural stability analysis in development of a vertical transfer device of a PRT(Personal Rapid Transit) vehicle. The vertical transfer of a fully occupied vehicle operating on a road network is the first attempt, which is expected to contribute to overcome the limitations of conventional 2-dimensional operation mode. In particular, the vertical transfer apparatus designed based on vertical circulating conveyors is capable of continuous transfer without time delay so that it enables to accommodate a high traffic density. This system has been frequently used in a logistics field; however, it is essential to assess a structural integrity because an external force by a vehicle weight is exerted on the conveyors in the form of a concentrated load unlike a conventional logistic transport. In this study, prior to the production process, the structural performance of the pilot design in an early stage is numerically evaluated using the commercial finite element method (FEM) solver (i.e., $Ansys^{(R)}$).

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.233-243
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• 2008

A tunnel behavior predicted in the investigation and design stage is often different from its actual behavior due to mainly the complexity of ground conditions. In a tunnel construction, therefore, it is necessary to ensure the stability of the tunnel by predicting the behaviors of the ground and the supports through observations and measurements, and modifying immediately excavation and reinforcing methods when necessary. To do so, it is important to be able to predict the final tunnel behavior based on the initial tunnel behavior as early as possible. In this study, the correlations were obtained between the initial and the final convergence by analyzing statistically the convergence measurement data, collected from two domestic road tunnels under construction using NATM. In order to estimate the unknown displacements, occurred during the period between the excavation and the first measurement, two methods were used - one is the method by means of regression analysis using a modified exponential function and the other the method by a simple linear regression analysis using the data measured within the distance from tunnel face equal to the tunnel diameter (D). Finally, the relationships were obtained between the initial and final convergence, including the non-measured displacements estimated from the two different methods, by performing linear regression analyses. The regression analysis results showed that there are clear linear relationships between the initial and final convegence and the difference between the two linear regression equations was not that large for when using the exponential function and the simple linear function to estimate the non-measured displacements.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.45-54
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• 2020

This study investigated basic data on walking characteristics, including walking speed and cognitive-response for the elderly, and based on these, the time of walking signal was calculated. The on-site survey examined the actual pedestrian crossing speed using a stopwatch, and the age was divided into groups of ordinary people and the elderly. Analysis of the data showed that the average walking speed for the general public was 1.29 m/s, while the average walking speed for the elderly was 1.13 m/s, higher than that of the general public. In addition, the lower speed of the 15th percentile was analyzed to 1.01 m/s for the general population and 0.85 m/s for the elderly, showing a lower walking speed than the standard for the general area and 0.8 m/s for the protected area. However, for senior citizens who use walking sticks or wheelchairs, the speed of the lower 15th-percentile is 0.73 m/s, which is lower than the current standard of protected areas, according to the analysis.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.710-717
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• 2015

This study was conducted investigate population size and habitat use for the conservation and management of the endangered long-tailed goral in the Seoraksan National Park using feces and camera trap during 2010 to 2014 (track survey, camera trap). As a result of feces tracking and camera trap, its population size was estimated as 160 (camera trap)~251 (feces) individuals in the Seoraksan National Park. The goral prefer $35^{\circ}{\sim}60^{\circ}$ (slope), 600~700m (elevation), NE (aspect), 0~50m (distance to stream), 300~600m (distance to road) and bread-leaved forest (forest type) according to field tracking of fecal. Based on field camera trap, we estimated the age classes of goral populations and activity of gorals during day-time (07-18 time, 56.5%) and night-time (18-07 time, 43.5%). Such analyses of population size and habitat use of the goral could be applied as important fundamental data for conservation of gorals and management of their habitats.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.3 no.4 s.10
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• pp.127-136
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• 2001

To increase the structural integrity of concrete box culvert good compaction by the dynamic compaction roller with bi9 capacity is as effective as good backfill materials. It is needed for effective compaction that a compaction roller closes to concrete structure with high frequency. However structural distress of the culvert could be occur due to the excessive earth pressure by great dynamic compaction load. To investigate the characteristics of Induced stress by compaction, a box culvert was constructed with changing cushion materials and compaction methods. Two types of cushion material such as tire rubber chip and EPS(Expanded Polystyrene) were used as cushion panels and they are set on the culverts before backfill construction. Laboratory test result of cushion material says that the value of dynamic elastic modulus of rubber is lesser than that of EPS. On the other hand, material damping of rubber material is greater than that of EPS. In most case, dynamic compaction rollers with 10.5 ton weights were used and vibration frequency was applied 30Hz for the great compaction energy. This paper presents the main results on the characteristics of dynamic earth pressures during compaction. The amounts of induced dynamic pressures$(\Delta\sigma\;h)$ by compaction are affected with construction condition such as compaction frequency, depth of pressure cell, distance between roller and the wall of culvert and roller direction. Based on the measured values dynamic lateral pressure on the culverts, it could be said that orthogonal direction of roller to the length of culvert is more effective to compaction efficiency than parallel direction.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.137-147
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• 2014

PURPOSES : Daejeon is basically divided into an old downtown and a new downtown, and the recent relocation of the Chungcheongnam-do Provincial Government of Republic of Korea from the old downtown and the opening of governmental buildings in the new downtown as well have made this new downtown only densely populated with industrial and business facilities. Such changes in the downtowns have promoted the conditions of the new downtown while, consequently, dragging down the old downtown. Out of concern for those unbalanced developments of the two downtowns, Daejeon is now carrying out several city projects to revive the old downtown. In the light of that, as a part of the project to promote the old downtown, this study aims to conduct an evaluation on landscape of the culture and arts street in Daeheungdong which was built upon those ideas of a theme street project by Daejeon. METHODS : Based on the findings from the questionnaire not only on the components that would design the streetscape of the culture and arts street but also on the public satisfaction with the streetscape, the study defined how those changes in the components affect emotional factors of the pedestrians. In order to achieve the research goal, the study made changes in D/H ratio of the street structural components as well as the roadside trees. In terms of the questionnaire method, the study used the SD scale, and proceeded with its investigation through the frequency analysis, the principal component analysis (the factor analysis) and the structural equation model. RESULTS : According to the results from the factor analysis and the regression analysis, of those three factors, such as the openness, the comfortable sensation and the safety, the openness followed by the comfortable sensation and the safety was determined to have the most positive influence on the total satisfaction. The structural model analysis reported that the D/H and the structural components of the roadside trees and planting have a positive effect on the emotional image, and this emotional image also appeared to be positively related to the total satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS : This study looked into how the changes in the street structural components of the culture and arts street in Daeheungdong would affect the satisfaction with the streetscape, and finally confirmed that the D/H and the planting are what would have a positive effect on this satisfaction. What has been learned from this study will be the basic data to figure out how to promote and improve the culture and arts street in Daeheung-dong as this data will also help designing and developing of those specialized streets in other regions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.70-80
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• 2015

In recent years, tram has been the focus of a new mode of public transportation that can solve traffic jams and decrease public transit usage and environmental problem. This research is in the works to develop a tram signal controller and signal control strategies, and aim to resolve the problem of what could happen if a tram system was installed in general road. We developed the hierarchical signal control strategies to obtain a minimum tram bandwidth and to minimize vehicle delay, in order to perform a priority control to include passive and active signal priority control strategies. The strategies was produced for S/W and H/W, it is based in standard traffic signal controller. We conducted a micro simulation test to evaluate the hierarchical signal control strategies, which showed that the developed optimization model is effective to prevent a tram's stop in intersection, to reduce a tram's travel time and vehicle's delay.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.76-83
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to define the underserved emergency medical services (EMS) areas in Daejeon metropolitan city, as well as to identify their distinctive characteristics in public health perspectives. Methods: An underserved EMS area was operationally defined as an area in which it is difficult to arrive at an emergency medical center within 30 minutes. Using a cost-weighted distance algorithm with a geographic information system (GIS), the underserved EMS area was calculated. The characteristics of the underserved areas were analyzed by the Chi-square test. The SPSS statistical software package was used to perform the statistical analysis. All statistical tests were two-sided, and a p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Twelve administrative sectors ('Dong' in Korean) were included in the underserved areas, accounting for a population of approximately 8,100 citizens. The relationships between underserved EMS area and populations of agriculture, fishery, and forestry; citizens who are recipients of national basic livelihood security program; disabled; or aged 65 or older were statistically significant. Conclusion: It was found that 12 administrative sectors were included in the underserved EMS areas. Revealing underserved EMS areas using GIS analysis based on a cost-weighted distance algorithm of road data was an effective analytic method. However, as this study was confined to Daejeon City, South Korea, a nation-wide study should be performed to provide a more accurate conclusion.