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Effect of Korean Red Ginseng Supplementation on Ocular Blood Flow in Patients with Glaucoma

  • Kim, Na-Rae;Kim, Ji-Hyun;Kim, Chan-Yun
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제34권3호
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    • pp.237-245
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    • 2010
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Korean red ginseng (KRG) on ocular blood flow in patients with glaucoma. In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-masked crossover trial, 36 patients with open-angle glaucoma were consecutively recruited. Subjects were randomly assigned into two groups. Group A received 1.5 g KRG, administered orally three times daily for 12 weeks, followed by a wash-out period of 8 weeks and 12 weeks of placebo treatment (identical capsules filled with 1.5 g corn starch). Group B underwent the same regimen, but took the placebo first and then KRG. Blood pressure, heart rate, and intraocular pressure were measured at baseline and at the end of each phase of the study. Visual field examination and ocular blood flow measurements by the Heidelberg Retina Flowmeter were performed at baseline and at the end of each phase of the study. Changes in blood pressure, heart rate, intraocular pressure, visual field indices, and retinal peripapillary blood flow were evaluated. Blood pressure, heart rate, intraocular pressure, and visual field indices did not change after placebo or KRG treatment. After KRG treatment, retinal peripapillary blood flow in the temporal peripapillary region significantly improved (p=0.005). No significant changes were found in retinal peripapillary blood flow in either the rim region or the nasal peripapillary region (p=0.051 and 0.278, respectively). KRG ingestion appears to improve retinal peripapillary blood flow in patients with open-angle glaucoma. These results imply that KRG ingestion might be helpful for glaucoma management.

최근 남북.대륙철도 협력현황과 동북아철도협력 구상 (Reconnecting the Trans-Korean Railway and future aspirations of Northeast Asia Railway Network)

  • 나희승
    • 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국철도학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.1029-1036
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    • 2006
  • South and North Koreas are putting forth efforts to overcome the distrust and animosity of the past 50 years to open an era of harmony and cooperation where the two halves can work together for mutual benefits. As part of those efforts, both parties are working now to reconnect the railways between the North and the South that remained broken for the past 60 years. In addition, the restoration of Trans-Korean railway paves the way for the "Silk Road Railway" which links European continent to Asian regions and Pacific Rim. The restoration project acts as a conduit for cooperation within in the Northeast Asian continent, hence, an important tool for facilitating peace and prosperity within the Northeast Asian region. Notably, the Railway project is regarded as the cardinal future-oriented peace building project for cultivating constructive, cooperative relations (Trans-Korean Railway and Trans-Asian Railway works) by stimulating human resources and commodity flows through railroad transportations. Northeast Asian region takes on a similar instance to the unification of European continent through its astounding development in railroad transportation, i.e., the international re-construction of Railroad lines will act as a catalyst to link Eurasian areas into one regional community for cooperation and peace. At present, the government is creating a momentum to bind trans-Eurasian railroad works and an initiative for "Northeast Asia Railroad networks and consultative organization". The South Korean administration paves the way to develop railroad network within South-North Korean, Russia and Eurasian region. It also fosters railroad cooperation with China for people and goods transports. To achieve such objectives, the project requires wide publicity and cross-border cooperation from concerned countries. The blueprint would have to be drafted up for Northeast Asian railroad train demonstration runs, Northeast Asian transportation agreements, with a bid to promote constitute Northeast Asian Railroad Consultation body. Moreover, the government would also have to prepare both, a draft of the linkage and the mandated standardized proposal.

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전북지역 대학생의 COVID-19에 대한 두려움, 우울, 위험인식, 건강신념과 예방적 건강행위의 연관성 (The Association Among the Fear of COVID-19, Depression, Risk Perception, Health Belief, and Preventive Health Behaviors Related to COVID-19 Among University Students in Jeonbuk Region)

  • 김호림;권주한;박종일;정상근
    • 대한불안의학회지
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    • 제18권2호
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    • pp.92-100
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    • 2022
  • Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the association among the fear of COVID-19, depression, risk perception, health belief, and preventive health behaviors related to COVID-19 among university students in Jeonbuk region. Methods : A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire survey. The questionnaire included The Korean Version of Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the Korean Version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and measurement tools adapted from previous studies for risk perception, health belief, and preventive health behaviors of subjects. We analyzed data using Pearson's correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and path analysis using SPSS 22 and AMOS 21. Results : The fear of COVID-19 showed significant positive influence on health belief as well as risk perception. Depression had a significant negative impact on preventive health behaviors and risk perception. Health belief showed a significant positive impact on preventive health behavior. Conclusion : Rresults revealed that the higher the level of depression was, the lower risk perception and performance of preventive health behavior were among university students in Jeonbuk region. As the level of the fear of COVID-19 became higher, the level of health belief and risk perception became higher. The higher the level of health belief was, the higher the performance level of preventive health were. Thus, it is prudent to increase the level of health belief, and lower the level of depression, in promoting preventive health behavior.

안와하연 골절에서 눈썹하절개 경로를 통한 접근 후 발생하는 하안검 뒤당김과 공막의 노출 (Lower Eyelid Retraction and Scleral Show induced by Subciliary Approach in Inferior Orbital Rim Fracture)

  • 박용준
    • Archives of Plastic Surgery
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    • 제34권6호
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    • pp.724-728
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    • 2007
  • Purpose: The objective of this study is to prevent postoperative lower eyelid retraction and scleral show. There are several approaches for orbital rim reconstruction. But these techniques are sometimes difficult to perform, and have some merits and faults. Maybe most common unwanted and unpleasant result that we have experienced by subciliary incision preseptal approach is the lower eyelid retraction and the scleral show. Therefore, I want to find out the causes and the solutions for such complication. We must know the mechanics for those unpleasant result first of all. Methods: We conducted a comparison of postoperative photographs between retroseptal approach group and preseptal approach group, both with subciliary incision. In experimental retroseptal group, incision was applied at subciliary region. After elevating skin flap to preserve pretarsal muscle, not with muscle flap elevation, but direct oblique incision through the muscle, retroseptal dissection was applied to the ROOF and the septum. Fixating fracture line, periosteal and septal repair was followed by skin repair. The light compressive dressings and protection were kept in place for 7 days. The effectiveness of this operative method was made comparison with control group which the preseptal approach was applied to, by postoperative 2nd week and 2nd month. Results: Author's technique had been used in 20 patients and control group was composed of 50 patients over 19months period. There were better results in experimental group than in control group and all of experimental group had no complaint about the lower eyelid retraction and the scleral show. Conclusion: It must be known about the reason of the lower eyelid retraction and the scleral show induced by subciliary and preseptal approach. Mechanically it can be easily proved. And the solution maybe will be easier if we get more information about the mechanics. I recommend the retroseptal subciliary approach

사회경제개발에 대한 과거와 현재 직면과제 (Facing Past and Present Challenges to Social & Economic Development)

  • 성낙정
    • 화약ㆍ발파
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    • 제15권3호
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    • pp.14-19
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    • 1997
  • Koreans have emphasized education as the primary means to reconstruct our country means to reconstruct our country after two catastrophic events-the Japanese occupation and the Korean War(1950-1953). A Strong belief- in education coupled with sheer deter-mination spurred the period of industrial and eeonomic development that started in the early 1970-'s. The "can-do" attitude of the general public was matched and aided by small S & T communities. Scientists and engineers provided the neeessary expertise to manufacture goods and process the many raw materials imported from overseas. After nearly three decades of reconst-ructing our completely devastated country, Korea has become a modern, cosmo-politan, fast-paced and dynamic country. In order to further increaser our manufac- turing capabilities and double the per-capita income by the beginning of the 21st century, we must improve productivitiy and encourage creatitivity in all sectors of our country. The S & T community's efforts in research and development. education, and interna-tional cooperation will be invaluable in determining our direction and reaching these goals. The general public is eager to peacefully unite our foreign powers since 1945. Toward that end. members of the S & T community are willing to coope-rate with our north Korean counterparts in all areas of S & T with the exception of defense related endeavors. Establi-shing scientific ties with north Korea will result in mutual economic benefit and greater regional stability in East Asia. In particular. scientists and manu-facturers in each province are eager to initiate cordial and professional relation-ships with north Korea in the hopes of securing these benefits. The Korean Federation of Science and Technology Societies(KOFST) has played an important role both in developing S & T policies, and in gostering the frowty of S & T societies. A non-governmental umbrella organization composed of over 251 professional societies, KOFST facili-tates the transfer of research outcomes and technology from research institutions to the various industries. KOFST also seeks to increase cooperation between the countries of the Pacific Rim. As evidence of that, we have pursued joint research and industrial ventures with China. Established projects include those on environmental conditions in the Yellow Sea, and improvement of aircraft manufacturing, telecommunica-tion equipment, and agricultural produ-cts. Increased cooperation between the Pacific Rim countries, particularly in S & T, would foster social and economic development for the region as a whole.

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해상에서의 우발적 조우 시 신호 규칙(CUES)의 제한점과 개선을 위한 제언 (Code for Unplanned Encounters at Sea(CUES): Its Limitation and Recommendations for Improvement)

  • 오동건
    • Strategy21
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    • 통권44호
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    • pp.323-351
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    • 2018
  • Adopted in Western Pacific Naval Symposium(WPNS) 2014, Code for Unplanned Encounters at Sea(CUES) has been the most valuable output of WPNS history. Written and suggested by Australian Navy in 1999, the goal of CUES is to decrease the possibility of the naval conflict by establishing the code among international navies in the Western Pacific region. Facing many oppositions and requirement of People's Liberation Army Navy(PLAN) in WPNS 2012 and 2013, but it finally adopted in WPNS 2014, with many changes in detailed provisions. From then, navies in the Western Pacific region have followed CUES to prevent maritime conflicts in the region, CUES, however, sometimes does not work correctly. Contents of CUES is the mixture of the parts of Multinational Maritime Tactical Signal and Maneuvering Book(MTP) and International Regulations for Preventing Collision at Sea 1972(CORLEGs). There are means of radio communications such as frequency and signals, instructions for maneuvering and so on. Thus, it is not a new document for the U.S. Navy and its allies, but it requires training to implicate at sea for navies other than U.S. allies, like PLAN. Lots of provisions in CUES were changed because of the opposition of PLAN, and CUES has many shortcomings and practical limitations. First, since CUES is non-legally binding, and there are no methods to force the naval assets on the sea to follow. Second, CUES is only applied to naval assets; naval ships - warships, naval auxiliaries, and submarines - and naval aircraft. Third, the geographical scope in CUES is not clear. Fourth, there is no provision for submerged submarines. Finally, CUES has no time-based framework or roadmap for training. In this regard, there would be six recommendations for improvement. First, CUES should be reviewed by WPNS or other international institutions, while keeping non-binding status so that WPNS could send signals to the navies which do not answer CUES on the sea. Second, the participation of Maritime Law Enforcements(MLEs) such as coast guard is inevitable. Third, navies would use full text of MTP rather than current CUES, which extracts some parts of MTP. Fourth, CUES needs provisions with respect to submerged submarines, which recognizes as offensive weapons themselves. Fifth, the geographic scope of CUES should be clear. Since there are some countries in which claim that a rock with a concrete structure is their territory, CUES should be applied on every sea including EEZ and territorial seas. Finally, the detailed training plan is required to implicate CUES at sea. Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) is a good exercise to train CUES, because almost all WPNS member countries except six countries are participating in RIMPAC. CUES is a meaningful document not only for navies but also for nation-states in the region. To prevent escalation of conflict in the region, potentially caused by an unplanned collision at sea, CUES should be applied more strictly. CUES will continue to be in subsequent WPNS and therefore continue to improve in the effectiveness as both an operational and diplomatic agreement.

옥천변성대 북동부 황강리 지역내 앰피볼라이트에 나타나는 대상 각섬석의 광물화학 및 조직 (Mineral chemistry and texture of the zoned amphiboles of the amphibolites in the Hwanggangri area, the northeastern region of Ogcheon metamorphic belt, Korea)

  • 유영복;권용완;김형식
    • 암석학회지
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.99-118
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    • 2000
  • 황강리 지역내 앰피볼라이트에 나타나는 대상 각섬석류의 Na(A), K. Na(M4), Al(IV) 그리고 Al(VI)+Fe3++Ti+Cr의 함량변화를 치화작용의 관점에서 보면 쳐마카이트 치환과 에데나이트 치환 그리고 글로코페인 치환의 정도는 핵부위의 양기석질이 주변부로 감에 따라 감섬석으로 보이는 가장 높은 변성도의 세 시료(M29-2, M26-2, M78)에 존재하는 각섬석들의 치환성분 함량은 더 낮은 변성도의 주연부에서 더 높다. 또한 투휘석을 포함하거나 녹갈색의 감섬석을 보이는 가장 높은 변성도의 세 시료(M29-2, M76-2, M78)에 존재하는 각섬석들의 치환성분 함량은 더 낮은 변성도의 주연부 각섬석보다는 낮고 양기석 보다는 높은 것으로 나타나고 있어 치환작용의 정도가 전체 각섬석류중에서 중간영역에 해당되고 있다. 대상 각섬석류의 성인데 대한 고찰을 해보면 첫째로 두 시료 R120-1와 R210-9가 서로 동일하게 각섬석류의 핵은 양기석질 각섬석이고 주연부는 마그네시안 해스팅사이트에 해당되는데 사장석은 각각 알바이트(R102-1)와 라브라도라이트(R210-9)의 큰 성분격차를 보여주고 있다. 알바이트와 라브라도라이트가 한번의 변성작용으로 동시에 생성되기가 어렵기 때문에 대상 각섬석류는 불혼합 구간(Miscibility gap)이 아닌 다변성작용의 결과로 형성된 것으로 추정된다. 둘째로 양기석과 각섬석간의 접촉면이 광학적으로 뚜렷한 경우와 점이적일 경우 모두 화강암체와 떨어진 거리에 상관없이 본암에 형성되어 있다. 두 광물이 뚜렷한 접촉면을 보여주는 시료의(R210-9, M128, M130) 경우 사장석이 저변성도와 중변성도에서 생성되는 성분을 함께 보여주고 있다. 이런 다양한 성분의 사장석은 불혼합 구간이 형성되는 변성도보다 더 높은 변성도의 변성작용이 중첩되어 있음을 지시하기 때문에 대상 각섬석류가 다변성작용에 의해 성장한 것을 의미한 준다. 또한 광물간에 점이적인 접촉면을 갖는 경우도 이 조직이 주로 화강암체 주변에서 산출된다는 사실과 변성도의 고찰 등을 통해 다변성작용의 영향에 기인한 것으로 생각된다. 대상 각섬석류의 성분변화를 변성작용의 압력형과 연관지어보면 핵부위의 양기석들은 중압형의 변성작용에 의해 성장한 것으로 볼 수 있고 주연부의 각섬석들은 저압형과 유사한 변성작용으로 인해 형성된 것임을 알 수 있다.

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형태학적 처리를 이용한 밝기 변화에 강인한 실시간 차선 검출 (Robust Real-Time Lane Detection in Luminance Variation Using Morphological Processing)

  • 김관영;김미림;김인규;황승준;백중환
    • 한국항행학회논문지
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    • 제16권6호
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    • pp.1101-1108
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    • 2012
  • 본 논문에서는 형태학적 처리와 에지 가반 영역 분할을 이용해 환경변화에 강인한 실시간 차선 검출 알고리즘을 제안한다. 매 프레임마다 가장 적절한 임계값을 적용시키기 위해 적응적 임계값을 사용하고 투사변환을 통해 영상의 왜곡을 보정한다. 이 후, 관심영역을 지정하고 에지를 검출해 실시간적으로 차선을 검출한다. 형태학적 처리의 유무에 따른 차선 검출 정확도와 연산 속도를 비교한다. 실험 결과 제안한 알고리즘을 통해 98.8%의 차선 검출율과 프레임 당 36.72ms의 실시간 처리가 가능함을 확인하였다.

비선형 전력 증폭기의 포화영역에서 강인한 디지털 전치왜곡 기법 (A Robust Digital Pre-Distortion Technique in Saturation Region for Non-linear Power Amplifier)

  • 홍순일;정의림
    • 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국정보통신학회 2015년도 춘계학술대회
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    • pp.681-684
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    • 2015
  • 무선 통신 시스템에서 전력 증폭기는 신호를 원거리로 송신하기 위해 필수적인 부품이다. 일반적으로 전력증폭기는 비선형 특성을 가지고 있는 소자이며, 입력 전력이 높을수록 심한 비선형 특성을 보인다. 또한 이러한 비선형 왜곡은 신호품질을 저하시키고 인접 채널 간섭을 유발하게 된다. 전력증폭기의 비선형 특성을 선형화하기 위한 다양한 기술들이 알려져 있는데, 그 중에서 디지털 전치왜곡 방식이 디지털 신호처리를 이용하여 효과적으로 전력증폭기를 선형화 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 하지만, 전력 증폭기가 포화 영역에서 동작 할 경우 심한 비선형 왜곡의 영향으로 전력증폭기의 선형화가 제대로 이루어지지 않는 문제가 있다. 본 논문에서는 포화 영역에서 디지털 전치왜곡 성능개선을 다루는데, 계수를 구하는 적응형 알고리즘에서 왜곡이 심한 포화영역의 입력 신호에서는 적응형 알고리즘을 동작시키지 않고 비포화 영역의 신호에서는 알고리즘을 동작시킴으로써 전치왜곡의 성능을 개선하는 방안을 제안한다. 제안하는 알고리즘을 검증하기 위해 MATLAB을 사용하여 컴퓨터 모의실험을 수행하였고, 기존의 디지털 전치왜곡 방식과의 비교 분석도 수행하였다.

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정수웨이블릿변환(IWT)을 이용한 지형 자료의 압축 및 정밀 지형 효과 계산을 위한 활용 방법 고찰 (Compression of Terrain Data using Integer Wavelet Transform (IWT) and Application on Gravity Terrain Correction)

  • 정호준;이희순;오석훈;박계순;임형래
    • 한국지구과학회지
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    • 제34권1호
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    • pp.69-80
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    • 2013
  • 지형 자료는 지구과학 여러 분야에서 중요한 기초 자료 중 하나이다. 최근 들어, 상세한 분해능을 가지는 DEM 자료가 활용가능하며 따라서 방대한 양의 자료를 효율적으로 다루는 방법이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 방대한 DEM 자료의 무손실 압축 및 효율적인 복원에 대해 알아보았다. 이를 위해 정수웨이블릿 변환과, 엔트로피 부호화의 개념을 이용하여, 웨이블릿 계수의 부호화 및 일부 영역의 지형복원 방법을 고안하였다. 또한, 정밀 중력 지형보정 과정에서 이러한 연구 결과의 활용성을 검토하였다. DEM의 압축률이 가장 좋은 웨이블릿은 CDF3.5이며, CDF3.1 또는 CDF3.5 웨이블릿을 사용하여 3단계 정도로 분해를 하는 것이 최적의 선택이다 (약 45.4%의 압축률). 또한 웨이블릿변환의 다중단계분석 특성을 활용하여 웨이블릿계수의 일부만을 추출하여 지형의 일부만을 복원할 수 있었다.