• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.3-26
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• 1990

1990년대에 들어 한국(韓國)의 미곡시장(米穀市場)은 대내외적(對內外的)으로 새로운 변화를 겪고 있다. 대외적(對外的)으로는 "우루과이라운드" 및 쌍무협정을 통해 대외개방(對外開放)과 생산보조금(生産補助金)의 감축에 대한 압력에 직면해 있고, 대내적(對內的)으로도 쌀소비의 감소(減少)로 1989년부터는 정부수매가격(政府收買價格)이 도매가격(都賣價格)을 상회하는 구조적(構造的)인 문제가 나타났다. 이러한 가격역전현상(價格逆轉現象)은 민간상인(民間商人)의 재고기능(在庫機能), 계절적(季節的) 가격안정기능(價格安定機能), 유통기능(流通機能)을 위축시키며, 정부재정(政府財政)에 주는 부담을 기하급수적으로 증가시킬 뿐만 아니라 미곡시장(米穀市場)의 가격구조(價格構造) 및 유통과정(流通過程)을 왜곡시키고 있다. 따라서 미가지지정책(米價支持政策)을 통환 증산(增産)보다는 농촌생활기반조성(農村生活基盤造成) 및 농업구조조정(農業構造調整)으로의 전환(轉換)이 필요하다. 그러나 농민들의 농업정책(農業政策)에 대한 불신, 농업기반(農業基盤)의 취약성, 그리고 정치적인 역학관계를 고려할 때 정부(政府)의 일방적인 지시보다는 농민이 선택할 수 있는 대안(代案)을 제시함이 바람직하며, 점진적인 구조개선(構造改善)이 필요하다고 생각된다. 이 논문에서는 전환기에 처한 한국(韓國) 미곡시장(米穀市場) 현황(現況) 대한 경제적(經濟的) 분석(分析)과 사회적(社會的) 비용(費用) 및 마찰(摩擦)을 최소화(最小化)하며 대내외(對內外) 환경변화에 적응할 수 있는 정책대안(政策代案)을 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.375-379
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• 2007

저장기간이 벼 생태형에 따라 미립 특성에 영향하는 정도를 검토하기 위하여 자포니카형, 통일형 및 통일형에서 유래된 1대잡종형의 정조를 $4{\sim}40$개월간 외부환경이 제어되지 않은 종자 저장실에 저장하여 저장기간에 따른 물리화학적 특성 변화에 대하여 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 종자 발아율은 저장기간이 길어짐에 따라 낮아졌는데 자포니카형은 16개월 저장시 66.7%, 28개월 저장시 2.5%로 크게 떨어졌고 40개월 후에는 전혀 발아되지 않았으며, 통일형과 1대잡종형은 28개월까지는 뚜렷한 차이가 없었으나 40개월에는 각각 54.0% 및 67.9%로 발아율의 차이를 보였다. 2. 현미 경도는 통일형, 1대잡종형, 자포니카형의 순서로 높았으며 저장기간에 따른 유의한 차이는 없었다. 3. 알카리 붕괴도는 저장기간이 길어짐에 따라 증가하는 경향이었으며, 단백질 함량은 완만하게 감소하였고, 아밀로즈 함량은 일정한 경향이 없었다. 4. 전당 함량과 환원당 함량은 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 증가하였는데 저장 28 개월 이내에서 증가폭이 컷고 그 이후는 완만한 증가를 보였다. 5. 전당 함량에 대한 환원당 함량의 비율은 저장기간이 길수록 전당 함량보다는 환원당 함량의 증가가 많아서 비율이 높아졌다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.136-140
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• 1976

통일(統一)과 일반품종(一般品種)을 상온저장고(常溫貯藏庫)와 저온저장고(低溫貯藏庫)에 정조(正租) 현미(玄米), 백미(白米)로 조제(調製)하여 1972년(年)부터 1974년(年)까지 3개년간(個年間) 저장시험(貯藏試驗)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1) 외기(外氣)와 상온창고내(常溫倉庫內)의 온도(溫度)는 같은 경향(傾向)이었고 7월(月), 8월(月)에 최고점(最高點)에 달(達)한후(後) 하강(下降)하였으나 저온창고(低溫倉庫)는 $15^{\circ}C$ 내외(內外)를 유지(維持)하였다. 2) 습도(濕度)는 모두 같은 경향(傾向)으로 8월(月)에 최고점(最高點)에 달(達)하였다가 낮아졌는데 외기(外氣)가 제일(第一) 높았고 상온(常溫)이 제일(第一) 낮았으며 저온(低溫)은 그 중간(中間)이었다. 3) $25^{\circ}C$에서의 평형수분(平衡水分)은 통일(統一)이 일반(一般)벼보다 정조(正租) 0.55%, 현미(玄米) 0.55%, 백미(白米) 0.33%만큼 낮았다. 4) 수분함량(水分含量)은 품종(品種)과 조제형태(調製形態)에 관계(關係)없이 증가(增加)하다가 8월이후(月以後) 감소(減少) 하였는데 입고시(入庫時) 수분함량(水分含量)이 낮았던 통일(統一)이 계속 낮은 치(値)를 보였다. 5) 중량감모율(重量減耗率)은 상온저장(常溫貯藏)이 1.35%, 저온저장(低溫貯藏)이 0.74%로 상온저장(常溫貯藏)이 0.61%만큼 높고 품종별(品種別)로는 통일(統一)이 0.95%, 일반(一般)이 1.22%로 통일(統一)이 0.27% 낮았다. 6) 지방산도(脂肪酸度)는 현미(玄米)에서 그 변화(變化)가 심(甚)하였고 또 정조(正租)에서는 비교적(比較的) 안정(安定)된 상태(狀態)였으며 백미(白米)는 그 중간치(中間値)를 보였다. 7) 경도(硬度)는 통일(統一)이 7.35kg,. 일반품종(一般品種)이 5.71kg으로서 통일(統一)이 1.64 kg 높았고 저장온도(貯藏溫度)에 따라서는 상온저장(常溫貯藏)이 6.46 kg, 저온저장(低溫貯藏)이 6.58 kg으로 저온저장(低溫貯藏)이 0.12 kg 높았다. 8) 발아율(發芽率)은 저온저장시(低溫貯藏時) 조제형태(調製形態) 및 품종별(品種別)로는 차이(差異)가 없이 계속(繼續) 유지(維持)되었으나 상온저장시(常溫貯藏時)의 현미(玄米)는 8월이후(月以後) 급격(急激)히 감소(減少)하여 $23{\sim}37%$로 낮아졌다. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)로서 통일(統一)벼가 일반품종(一般品種)에 비(比)하여 저장성(貯藏性)이 우수(優秀)함을 인정(認定)할수 있어 장기저장(長期貯藏)을 위(爲)한 미곡(米穀)으로 활용(活用)할 수 있는 가능성(可能性)을 암시(暗示)하고 있다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.267-274
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• 1999

An internet and network based software and related interface have been developed, which can remotely control and manage an on-site operating system. Developed software modules were composed of two parts: monitoring/management modules and control/diagnosis modules were developed for the network status, warehouse, production and selling status. Modules of control with diagnosis were developed for the on-site operating system and interface. Each module was integrated and the whole modules have been tested with an automatic mushroom grading/sorting system which was built in a laboratory. Developed software modules worked successfully without any uncommon situations such as system down caused by the software or data transfer error. Each software module was developed independently in order to apply easily to other existing on-site systems such as rice processing centers, fruit and vegetable sorting, packaging and distribution centers scattered over the country.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.151-161
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• 1995

A basic proposal on the design of a grain drying and storage system was suggested for the bulk facilities of grain custody warehouses. A model square silo system was designed and developed on the basis of the proposal. A square silo system made of steel plate was developed with a stirring device, an automatic moisture meter and an auto-control system of PLC. Then, the developed square silo system was evaluated through drying experiments with rough rice. The square silo system could dry grains uniformly with a stirring device and an auto-control system regardless of grain depth. The developed square silo system can be well adapted for the bulk facilities of grain custody warehouses.

• 한국언어정보학회지:언어와정보
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.77-100
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• 2004

This paper aims to account for direct combination of an entity type noun with the verb HA- 'do' (ex. piano-rul ha- 'piano-ACC do') in Korean, based on Generative Lexicon Theory (Pustejovsky, 1995). The verb HA-'do' coerces some entity type nouns (e.g., pap 'boiled rice') into event type ones, by virtue of the qualia of the nouns. Typically, a telic-based type coercion supplies individual predication to the HA- construction and an agentive-based type coercion evokes a stage-level interpretation. Type coercion has certain constraints on the choice of qualia. We further point out that qualia cannot be a warehouse of pragmatic information. Qualia are composed of necessary information to explain the lattice structure of lexical meaning and co-occurrence constraints, distinct from accidental information. Finally, we seriously consider co-composition as an alternative to type coercion for the crucial operation of type shift.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.47-63
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• 1978

This study was conducted to obtain a basic information necessary to assess present rice milling technology in Korea The profiles for milling plants was analyzed by survey work.For the private custom-work mills, which process about 80 percent of domestic rice consumption ,their actual milling test for the identical samples as used for filed mills was conducted. Two rice varieties Japonica and Tongil-type were associated with the experiments. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Analyses for private custom-work mills showed their general aspects as; about 91 percent of the mills belonged to an individual owner ship ; more than 93 percent of the mills was established earlier than 1950 ; about 80 percent of the mills was powered with electric motor; mills having less than two employees were about 75 percent; about 45 percent of the mills provided for warehouse in storing customers cereal grains. 2. The polishers installed in 1,255mills within the surveyed area (7 counties) have been supplied by 44 different domestic manufacturers ;in but about 60 percent of which was supplied by 6major manufacturers. The polishers could be classified into two categories in terms of principles of their polishing actions ;jet-pearler and friction types. About 51 percent of the mills was equipped with the former which has been recognized as giving greater milling recovery than the friction types. 3. Reason for owners of private mills to supplement new machines was due mainly to pgrading their mills to meet the requirements that established by the Government. However, about 60 percent of the mill owners intended to replace with new pearler by their own needs to meet with new high yielding varieties. 4. Processing systems of each previate rice mills surveyed could be classified into three categories, depending upon whether the systems posessed such components as precleaner and paddy separator or not. Only 36.7 percent of mills was installed with both precleanr ad paddy seperrator, 5.0 percent of mills did have neither percleaner nor paddy seperator, and rest of them equipped only one of the two. Hence,it is needed for about 63% of rice miils to be supplemented with these basic facilities to meet with the requirements for the standaized system. 5. Actual milling capacity measured at each field rice mills was shown a wide variation, having range from about 190 to 1,210 kg/hr. The percentages of mills classified according to daily milling capacity based on this hourly capacity were 24.3% for the capacity less than 3 M/T a day; 20.0% for 3-4 M/T; 15.6% for 4-5 M/T; 6.7% for 5-6 M/T; 22.3% for 6-7 M/T; and 11.0% for more than 7 M/T a day. 6. Actual amount of rice processed was about 310 M/T a year in average. About 42% of total milled rice was processed during October to Decembear, which formed a peak demand period for rice mills. The amount of rice milled during January to May was relatively small, but it had still a large amount compared to that during June to September. 7. Utilization rate of milling facility, i. e., percentage of the actual amount of milled rice to the capacity of rice mills, was about 18% on the year round average, about 41% in the peak demand season, and about 10% during June to September. Average number of operating days for mills surveyed was about 250 days a year, and about 21 days a month. 8. Moisture contents of paddy at the time of field mill tests were ranged 14.5% to 19.5% for both Japonica and Tong-i] varieties, majority of paddy grains having moisture level much higher than 1530. To aviod potential reduction of milling recovery while milling and deterioration of milled rice while storage due to these high grain mJisture contents, it may be very important for farmers holding rice to dry by an artificial drying method. 9. Milling recovery of JapJnica varieties in rice mills was 75.0% in average and it was widely ranged from 69.0% to 78.0 % according to mills. Potential increase in milJing recovery of Japonica variety with improvement of mill facilities was estimated to about 1.9%. On the other hand, milling recovery of Tong-il varieties in the field mill tests was 69.8% in average and it ranged from 62% to 77 %, which is much wider than that of Japonica varieties. It is noticed that the average milling recovery of Tong-il variety of 69.8% was much less than that of the Japonica-type. It was estimated th3.t up to about 5.0% of milling recovery for Tong-il variety could be improved by improving the present lo'.ver graded milling technology. 10. Head rice recoveries, as a factor of representing the quality of commercial goods, of Japonica and Tong-il varieties were 65.9% and 53.8% in average, and they were widely ranged from 52% to 73% and from 44% to 65% , respectively. It was assessed that head rice recovery of Japonica varieties can be improved up 3.3% and that of Tong-il varieties by 7.0% by improving mill components and systems.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.476-480
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• 2007

쌀의 저장 중 미생물학적 요인에 의한 품질 저하를 억제하기 위해 미곡창고 내의 환경과 창고 내에 보관되어 있는 나락에서 곰팡이, 세균 및 효모를 분리 동정한 후 주요 오염균에 대한 상백피, 감초, 꽈배기 모자반 및 감태의 항균효과를 조사하였다. 미곡창고 내의 환경과 나락에서 분리된 주된 오염균은 Sphingomonas paucimobilis와 Bacillus cereus를 비롯한 여러 Bacillus 속 세균과 불완전균류, Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp.의 곰팡이 그리고 Candida spp.의 효모인 것으로 나타났다 분리된 균주에 대한 천연추출물의 항균력을 측정한 결과 상백피, 감초, 꽈배기 모자반 및 감태 모두 미곡창고 오염균주에 대해 항균력이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 꽈배기 모자반, 상백피, 감초는 항진균 활성도 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 특히 상백피의 항균력이 뛰어난 것으로 나타났는데, $0.0025{\sim}0.0075%$농도에서 주요 오염균의 생육을 억제하였으며, 내 열성 포자를 형성하는 Bacillus cereus의 생육을 0.0025% 농도에서 억제하였다. 이상의 결과를 볼 때 이들 천연추출물을 미곡창고 내에 처리하거나 나락에 직접 처리할 경우 쌀의 저장 중 미생물학적 안전성을 확보할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1998년도 봄 학술발표회논문집(II)
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• pp.695-702
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanical properties of precast concrete cured by accelerated curing methods such as, steam curing method and warm water curing method varing maximum temperature of curing along to the period of curing. Some specimens are cured by accelerated curing method(warm water curing method) and then deposited in the storehouse. The others are deposited in the storehouse directly. All of these are cured until being tested to compare these two group's mechanical characteristics for each period 3days, 7days, 28days. The goal of this comparison is to estimate the efficiency of accelerated curing method in the case of precast concrete stocked in the field or warehouse for a long term and to make guide line for factory manager to make a economical products of concrete of a good quality. We can conclude some guide lines 1) It is not efficient to cure concrete with accelerated method at higher than 80℃. 2) The continuing of curing period more than 36hr makes damage to concrete in using accelerated curing method. 3) The strength revelation of concrete cured by accelerated curing methods, added rice husk ash more delayed than OPC concrete done but the strength of maximum value is higher than OPC concrete. 4) It is not efficient to use accelerated curing method in the case of storing the products for more than 7days in the aspect of mechanical properties.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2007

경남지역 창고 3곳의 나락, 창고 내 먼지, 창고 내 낙하균에서 분리한 미생물 분포를 조사하여 우점종을 분리, 동정한 결과 곰팡이는 6종, 효모는 3종, 세균은 나락, 먼지, 낙하균에서 각각 3종씩이었다. 처리시간을 30초, 1분, 2분, 3분, 4분간 각각 처리한 전해알칼리수의 pH는 8.89, 8.91, 9.20, 9.35, 9.22 이었고 HClO 함량은 150.7, 314.2, 191.8, 104.1, 255.3 ppm이었다. 전해알칼리수의 항균효과를 측정 해본 결과 곰팡이, 세균 모두에 항균효과가 나타났으며 효모 3종에 대한 항균효과는 세균과 곰팡이에 비해 높게 나타났다. 전해알칼리수의 pH와 HClO함량이 높아짐에 따라 항균효과도 높게 나타났으며 각 전해알칼리수를 실온에 24일간 저장하면서 HClO 함량과 항균성을 측정한 결과, HClO 함량은 다소 감소하였고 30%초 처리한 것은 저장 14일까지, 1분 처리한 것은 21일까지, 2분 처리한 것은 24일 저장 후에도 항균효과를 나타냈다.