• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권9호
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• pp.1407-1414
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• 2014

쌀가루, 고아밀로오스 전분, 분리대두단백, 설탕 및 소금을 첨가하여 feed 수분함량 19~23%, screw speed 200~400 rpm, feed rate 43.6 kg/hr 조건에서 제조한 쌀 스낵의 이화학적 특성을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 쌀 스낵의 bulk density는 0.06~0.21, apparent density는 0.55~0.65 정도로 나타났고, feed 수분함량이 많을수록, screw 속도가 감소할수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 쌀 스낵의 팽화율은 density와는 반대로 feed 수분함량이 낮을수록, screw 속도가 증가할수록 증가하였다. 쌀 스낵의 WAI는 feed 수분함량이 많을수록, screw 속도가 감소할수록 증가한 반면, WSI는 WAI와는 반대의 경향을 나타냈다. 쌀 스낵의 breaking strength는 feed 수분함량이 증가할수록, screw 속도가 감소할수록 증가하였다. 쌀 스낵의 색도 중 L값은 feed 수분함량 19%, 21%에서는 screw 속도가 증가할수록 L값은 낮았으나, feed 수분함량 23%에서는 screw 속도에 따른 유의적인 차이는 없었다. a, b값은 feed 수분함량 19%에서는 screw 속도가 증가함에 따라 높아졌다. 쌀 스낵의 x-ray 회절도는 feed 수분함량이 낮을수록, screw 속도가 높을수록 회절강도가 낮게 나타났고, feed 수분함량 19%, 21%, screw 속도 300 및 400 rpm에서는 V 도형의 특징을 나타냈다. 쌀 스낵의 내부 단면구조는 feed 수분함량이 많을수록, screw 속도가 낮을수록 기공의 생성이 잘 되지 않았고 세포벽이 두껍게 나타났다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.348-355
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• 2013

시판되는 쌀 가공식품의 시장 조사 결과, 쌀과자류는 전체 조사 쌀 가공식품의 약 28%를 차지하고 있었으며, 쌀과자류를 세분하면, 비스켓류 34%, 쌀 스낵류 34%, 건과류 5%, 한과 27% 등으로 구성되어 있고, 쌀 함량 30~80%의 제품이 50%의 분포를 차지하고 있었다. 또한 대기업보다는 중소기업이 더 많은 제품을 출시하고 있었으며, 원료쌀의 원산지는 국내쌀 75%, 수입쌀 25%의 분포를 보였다. 국내 대형 마트에서 구입한 쌀과자 제품 중 소비자 선호도가 높은 10종의 쌀과자를 대상으로 QDA와 PCA 방법을 사용하여 관능적 특성을 비교하였다. 관능 평가를 위한 묘사항목으로는 단맛, 짠맛, 고소한맛, 바삭함, 단단함, 껄끄러움, 찐득함을 선정하고 전체적인 선호도를 함께 측정하였다. 쌀 함량은 30% 이하, 30~80%, 80~100%로 구분하였고, 가공 방법은 구움, 유탕처리, 팽화로 구분하여 평가하였다. 그 결과 쌀 함량 30% 이하에서 고소하고 바삭하며, 껄끄러운 조직감을 부여하는 유탕처리 방법으로 가공한 쌀과자가 가장 높은 선호도를 보였다. 이와 더불어 한국 쌀과자의 선호도에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 관능적 특성은 고소한 맛으로 평가되었다. 한국, 중국, 일본, 미국 등 4 개국 쌀과자의 관능적 특성을 비교한 결과, 한국의 쌀과자들은 단맛과 고소한 맛이 강하고, 짜지 않으며 바삭함이 강한 특징을 나타내었고, 일본 쌀과자는 단맛이 적고 짠맛이 강하며 바삭함이 강한 특징을 나타내었다. 미국의 쌀과자는 단맛이 강하고 찐득한 정도가 높은 특성을 가지는 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 같은 종류의 쌀과자라고 하여도 각 나라별가 관능적 품질 특성은 뚜렷한 차이를 보이고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidative and physical properties of finger food type rice snacks and pumpkin rice snacks for infants aged 6 to 12 months old. The addition of rice germ did not affect density or porosity, and there was no significant difference when compared with commercial products. The addition of rice germ to the rice snack group did not reduce the longitudinal expansion quality of the rice snack. The WAI of RW and SW values were 9.83 and 8.93, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of other samples (p<0.05). The results of this study show that the addition of rice germ to rice snack resulted in reduced density and porosity of rice snacks and maintenance of a high water absorption index, which are more desirable characteristics for products. The products with rice germ showed significantly higher antioxidative activities among all samples (p<0.05).

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.846-852
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• 2012

멥쌀, 찹쌀, 찐멥쌀의 수분함량(9, 12, 15, 18%)과 즉석팽화기의 팽화온도(200, 210, $220^{\circ}C$)를 달리하여 제조한 즉석팽화스낵의 체적밀도, 색도, 수분용해지수와 수분흡착지수, 미세구조 등의 물리적 특성을 조사하였다. 즉석팽화스낵 제조 시 수분함량과 팽화온도가 증가함에 따라 체적밀도는 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 색도에서 수분함량이 감소할수록, 팽화온도가 증가할수록 L값은 감소하는 경향을 나타내었고 a, b값은 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 수분용해지수와 수분흡착지수는 수분함량과 팽화온도가 증가할수록 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 멥쌀, 찹쌀, 찐멥쌀 간에는 체적밀도, 파괴력, 수분용해지수와 수분흡착지수에서 차이를 나타내었고 색도에서는 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 미세구조는 수분함량이 9%에서 15%로 증가함에 따라 기공의 크기가 작고 균일하게 분포되었으며 찹쌀 즉석팽화스낵의 기공이 가장 작고 균일하게 나타났다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.797-803
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• 2015

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is usually caused by foods such as wheat, egg, milk, and peanuts, leading to common health problems in early childhood with complications like urtication. The aim of this study was to evaluate ethanol extracts of rice and rice snacks concentrated until the ethanol was completely eliminated and hot-air dried. In vitro analyses were carried out using murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. We measured cytotoxicity, nitric oxide (NO) production, and inflammatory cytokine level. The NO level of the cells exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was significantly reduced by rice and rice snack extracts. $TNF-{\alpha}$ level decreased in contrast to the LPS group, although a significant difference was not observed. On the other hand, IL-6 significantly decreased in both rice and rice snack extracts in a dose-dependent manner. The results of the present study suggest that rice and rice snack decreased NO and inflammatory cytokine levels. Therefore, rice could be useful as a raw material for relieving child atopic dermatitis caused by snacks made from wheat.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.261-267
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• 2018

The sensory characteristics of a rice processed snack for 6 to 12 month old infants were investigated. The microbiological safety of all samples was also tested. The moisture content of snack of the SW snack was 6.33 significantly higher than in the other snacks (p<0.05). The sensory intensities of RW were highest in glossiness brightness, uniformity, sweet aroma, savory flavor, sweet flavor, chewiness and crispiness. In the; consumer acceptance test, RW showed significantly higher glossiness, uniformity, sweet aroma, savory flavor, sweet flavor, rancid, chewiness, adhesiveness, crispiness and overall acceptance than the other snacks (p<0.05). The aerobic plate counts were negative in all the samples tested. E. coli and pathogenic microorganisms tests were also negative or not detected, showing that all the samples tested were microbiologically safe according to the food code which applies to food manufacturers. Overall, potentially high value products of rice processed snacks for 6 to 12 month old infants were developed and tested They are expected to be utilized and in the competitive and growing infant food industry.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.834-841
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• 2020

Laver Pyropia sp. is the most exported seafood in Korea and is one of the most consumed edible seaweeds. The export of laver has been centered on seasoned laver products; of note, laver snack products coupled with rice papers or glutinous rice paste are becoming more popular in Western countries. These laver snacks are manufactured using a deep frying process. Therefore, the frying conditions affect the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of fried laver snacks. In this study, we optimized the deep-frying conditions for laver snacks with gelatinized rice dough using a response surface methodology. The frying temperature (X1, 190-220℃) and frying time (X2, 10-30 sec) were selected as independent variables; the dependent variables were the overall acceptance (Y1, points), hardness (Y2, N), and oil content (Y3, %). The optimal values of the frying temperature (X1) and time (X2) as per the overall acceptance (Y1) were 208℃ and 23.1 sec, respectively. The predicted overall acceptance (Y1=8.0 points), hardness (Y2=98.74N), and oil content (Y3=27.69%), were similar to the experimental values under the optimal conditions. Overall, the acceptance was inversely proportional to hardness; the decrease in hardness caused an increase in the crispiness of the laver snacks.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.285-292
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• 2017

본 연구는 기능성 쌀의 이용성 증대를 위하여 저항전분 함유 고아밀로스 품종인 도담쌀과 고아미4호로 압출 성형기를 이용하여 팽화과자를 제조하여 품질 특성을 살펴보았다. 품종별로 쌀의 일반 성분을 분석한 결과, 조지방 함량과 조단백 함량은 1.47~3.08%, 6.30~7.63%로 확인되었으며 탄수화물 함량은 74.76~78.19%로 확인되었다. 아밀로스 함량은 신동진이 15.51%, 도담쌀에서 32.19%, 고아미4호에서 34.31%로 나타나 고아미4호에서 유의적(p<0.05)으로 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 또한 저항전분 함량은 신동진이 0.37%, 도담쌀에서 8.06%, 고아미4호에서 10.42%로 나타나 도담쌀과 고아미4호에서 유의적(p<0.05)으로 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 품종별 현미의 경도를 측정한 결과 신동진과 도담쌀이 높은 경도 값을 나타내었다. 압출 성형기를 이용하여 제조한 팽화과자의 경도가 생쌀 대비 신동진은 72.07%, 도담쌀은 88.21%, 고아미4호는 66.67% 감소되어 도담쌀에서 가장 크게 물성을 개선한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 쌀 품종에 따라 제조한 팽화과자의 관능적 특성 평가결과, 맛, 조직감과 전체적 기호도에서는 도담쌀과자에서 가장 높은 점수를 받았다. 따라서 본 연구 결과, 호화 시 저항전분과 고아밀로스 함량으로 식감이 좋지 않아 밥쌀용으로 적합하지 않았던 도담쌀과 고아미4호는 압출성형기를 이용하여 팽화과자를 제조함으로써 식감을 개선할 수 있었으며, 특히 도담쌀은 이러한 공정기술을 이용한 가공제품 제조에 적합한 품종으로 확인되었다. 본 연구결과는 기능성 쌀을 이용한 가공제품 연구개발에 기초자료가 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 급식외식위생학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the amount of sugar from the afternoon snack menu of childcare facilities in Gyeongsangbuk-do. The amount of sugar was analyzed for afternoon snacks provided by childcare facilities between March and April 2016. The snacks provided were the same for processed and non-processed foods at 50.0% respectively. White milk accounted for the largest portion with 26.4%, followed by fruits with 19.9% and grains (sweet potatoes, rice cakes, etc.). It has been confirmed that the larger the facility, the lower the frequency of provision of non-processed foods, and the higher the provision of processed foods (p<0.05). Snacks served as non-processed foods showed the highest frequency of fruits and sweet potatoes. On the other hand, processed foods provided many sugar-rich products, such as liquid yogurt, hot cakes, and cereal, excluding white milk. The average sugar content was highest in processed milk products (13.9 g), followed by white milk (8.6 g), bread and snacks (8.0 g), other (4.6 g), and mixed grains (1.6 g). Of the total 216 snacks, banana flavored milk had the highest sugar content of 27.0 g, followed by strawberry milk (15.0 g) and castella (21.6 g). The findings are expected to be used as basic data for choosing the right snacks provided by childcare facilities and practicing reducing sugar intake.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.10-19
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• 1984

The Purpose of this study was to investigate the food preferences of college students of Korea. The survey was conducted on november, 1981 through the questionnaires. The subjects were 1184 male and 1241 female students of 9 universities. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1) Preferences of staple foods : Cooked rice was preferred most by the subjects. Male liked rice more than female, whereas female liked bread and noodle more than male. Among the different kinds of rice, bread, and noodles, the following food items were favored by the subjects. (plain rice, red bean rice and soybean rice ; salad bread and vegetable bread ; Nangmyun and Bibim Kooksu). The foods not preferred were barley rice, instant noodle and soybean milk noodle. 2) Preference of side - dishes : Among the kinds of side - dishes by different preparation methods, stews were the most favored and the next favored were soups by the subiecls whereas female showed lower preference of soups than male subjects Most disliked kinds of side-dishes were changachi and moochim. For example, side-dishes which showed higher preference in each preparation method were stew (Kimchi stew and Soybean paste stew), soup (Beef soup and Seaweed soup), kimchi (Korean cabbage Kimchi), Bockeum (Sauted beef and Sauted Kimchil, cheon(Beef Cheon, fish Cheon), Kui(broiled saury and broiled yellow tail runner), Chorim(braised cuttle fish and braised fish cake), Namul(sliced radish, cucumber, and spinachi), and Changachi (dried radish). The side-dishes which showed lower preference were Alaskan pollack soup, soybean curd residue stew, cabbage Kimchi, liver Cheon, sauted liver, hairtail Chorim, radish rootNamul, and dried radish root Changachi. 3) Preferences of snacks. Fruits apple, peach, pear) were the most preferred snacks by the subjects. Male preferred ginsang tea whereas famale preferred coffee. Both bate and female subjects showed higher preference of milk and lower preference of sweets. 4) Preference of one-dish meals : No one dish meal were disliked by the subjects. Male liked Bockeum-Bab more than female, and female liked Mandukuk more than male subjects.