• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.39-48
• /
• 1978

The present study is concerned with nutritional status and palatability of the packed-lunch in elementary school children in Daejeon city. Rice and side dishes in the lunch box were weighed and the contained nutrients were analyzed by the Food Composition Table. The result of survey is as follows; 1) The means of nutritional values of 523 lunch boxes were calorie 562.48 Cal. percentage of the recommended dietary allowances.(79.11%), protein 19.16gr. (88.43%), animal protein 6.03gr. (83.50%), calcium 110.75mg (48.15%), iron 2.20mg. (56.15%), Vitamin A 328.16 I.U.. (49.22%), Vitamin $B_1$ 0.22mg. (59.45%), Vitamin $B_2$ 0.14mg (32.56%), Niacin 3.20mg. (68.08%), Vitamin C 9.79mg. (73.44%). All the nutrients are under the recommended dietary allowances. 2) The correlation between the boys and girls in the intake of protein, calcium, iron, Vitamin A, Vitamin $B_1$, Niacin index revealed statistical significancy at the level of P<0.01. 3) According to the intake of calorie, the ratio of carbohydrates, protein and fat is 78 : 14 : 8, which is excessive meal of carbohydrate. 4) Among the total intake of the protein consists of 30.20% for the boys and 32.90% for the girls. 5) The most favorite food for boys and girls from the packed-lunch is kimchi, egg, ham, sausage, cuttle-fish, laver and beef, and pork and pickles are most undesirable items. 6) The most favorite snack is bread, cake, ice cream, chocolate, fruits and milk. 7) Both boys and girls like Kimchi, fried and saute foods but dislike Namul (seasoned green vegetables) the most. 8. The side dishes of the packed·lunch lack in variety of cooking method.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.296-306
• /
• 2021

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the distribution of the usual dietary intake of foods with respect to the probability of consumption derived from the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) of the 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Methods: The intake quantity and frequency of 63 food items were assessed from the 2009 KNHANES which was completed by 7,708 participants. The participants completed one or two 24-h dietary recalls and one FFQ. The usual intake distribution was estimated using the multiple source method (MSM), and the proportion of non-consumers was calculated through the usual intake distribution. This was then compared with the proportion of non-consumers from the 24-hour recall method. Results: The difference in the proportion of non-consumers ranged from 2% to 82.9%, indicating that there is a very large difference based on food groups. The food groups in which the proportion of non-consumers did not differ was composed of foods consumed daily, such as 'rice', 'cereal and barley', and 'Chinese cabbage and kimchi', or foods with distinct palatability such as 'coffee' and 'alcohol'. On the other hand, in the case of the food groups with a high difference in the proportion of non-consumers, most comprised fruits that emphasized seasonality. Conclusions: In the case of foods or food groups that are occasionally consumed, it is desirable to use 2 recalls with additional FFQ data by combining the consumption frequency and the quantity consumed.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.43-57
• /
• 1977

In order to establish methods of potato processing for mixed cooking with rice as main diet, treatment for polyphenol oxidase inactivation in potato tissues, and safety in regard to sanitation were studied. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Cut potato granule which were blanched in boiling water are practical and best in color within $3{\sim}6\;minutes$ dipping. 2. Dipping treatment of potato granules in a saline solution is not pratical because of the resulting color and saline taste. 3. Dipping treatment of potato granules in a boiling saline solution is not practical because of residual salt. 4. Dipping treatment of potato granules in low concentration of hydrochloric acid solution is not effective in color changes but dipping treatment from 0.1N concentration for 4-10 minutes to 0.5N concentration for $1{\sim}10minutes$ shows good effects. 5. Dipping treatment in boiling hydrochloric acid solution of 0.04-0.068N concentration for 3-5 minutes dipping is practical for its resulting color. 6. Dipping treatments in 0.05% of $K_2S_20_5$ solution for $50{\sim}60\;minutes$ and in 0.06% for $40{\sim}60\;minutes$ and 0.065% for $10{\sim}60\;minutes$ shows a small palatability in color but its boiled potato granules shows good color 7. Treatments for any time in $0.01{\sim}0.03%$ of boiling $K_2K_20_5$ solution after predipping in its cold solution for longer time than 30minutes show effective in the color and palatability of the potato granules and their cooked ones. 8. From the view of food sanitation, dipping treatment of the potato granules in the solution of $K_2S_20_5$ is safe because of the few residual amount of $SO_2$. 9. All the methods of treatment that potato granules are dipped for any time at 0.01% of $K_2S_20_5$ solution are safe from the view of fond sanitation. At 0.03% of $K_2S_20_5$ solution, nothing but the methods of treatment that they are dipped within 30 minutes and boiled within 4 minutes are safe.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.15 no.7
• /
• pp.968-973
• /
• 2002

To evaluate the chewing activity of ruminant feeds, four Holstein steers (average body weight $742{\pm}15kg$) were employed. Experimental feeds were four roughages ($NH_3$-treated rice straw, alfalfa hay, corn silage, orchard grass hay) and four concentrate ingredients (cotton seed hull, beet pulp pellet, barley grain, oat grain). Regarding palatability for each experimental feeds which was overviewed during the adjustment period, animals were fed roughages alone, but with 50% $NH_3$-treated rice straw ($NH_3$-RS) for concentrate ingredients. Therefore, all the data for concentrate ingredients was derived by extracting the result per unit obtained from steers fed $NH_3$-RS alone. The experiment was conducted using a 4${\times}$4 Latin square designs for roughages and concentrate ingredients. Experimental feeds were fed during a 10 d adaptation and 2 d chewing data collection during each experimental period. Animals were gradually adjusted to the experimental diet. Dry matter intake (DMI) was restricted at a 1.4% of mean body weight (10.4 kg DM/d). Time spent eating and eating chews per kilogram of DMI were greatest for beet pulp pellet, and lowest for barley grain (p<0.05). Time spent rumination per kilogram of DMI was greatest for $NH_3$-RS, cotton seed hull and orchard grass, but rumination chews were greatest for cotton seed hull and orchard grass except $NH_3$-RS (p<0.05). Roughage index value (chewing time, minute/kg DMI) was 58.0 for cotton seed hull, 56.1 for beet pulp pellet, 55.5 for $NH_3$-RS, 53.1 for orchard grass hay, 45.9 for corn silage, 43.0 for alfalfa hay, 30.0 for oat grain, and 10.9 for barley grain. The ratio of rumination time to total chewing time (eating plus ruminating) was about 72% for the roughages except corn silage (66.9%), and followed by cotton seed hull (69.5%), and ranged from 49.5% to 52.9% for other feeds. Higher percentages of rumination in total chewing time may be evidently indicate the characteristics of roughage. Therefore, this indicate that the chewing activity of concentrate ingredients can be more fully reflects by the ruminating time than total chewing time (RVI), although it is reasonable to define the RVI for roughages.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 2011

Oats are an important crop for forage production with good palatability of livestock. Compared with other winter cereals crops for forage, oats may be widely sowing, autumn (October), spring (early of March) and summer (late of August). The objectives of this study were to compare the effects of sowing dates and varieties on the growth, forage yield and feed quality. Oat were sown in 14 October and 10 March, and harvested 20 days after heading in middle region of Korea. Varieties used were the 3 winter oat cultivars with cold tolerant and 3 cultivars for summer sowing. Heading was delayed about 12 days in spring sowing than in autumn sowing and the difference among varieties was 8 days. The rate of spike and leaf above aerial parts reduced and the rate of culm increased in spring sowing than in autumn. The variety 'Donghan' was higher the rate of spike and lower the rate of culm than that of other varieties. In spring sowing than in autumn, acid detergent fiber (ADF) content was higher, and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and digestible dry matter (DDM) content was lower. In DDM content surveyed on 20 days after heading, 'Donghan' was higher in autumn sowing and 'Samhan' in spring sowing than that of other varieties. The oat variety 'Samhan', 'Donghan' and 'Chohan' were higher fresh yield in autumn than in spring, but similar dry matter yield. The variety 'Swan', 'Darkhorse' and 'Hispeed' were higher fresh and dry matter yield in spring than in autumn. The variety 'Donghan' can supplement high quality forage production in middle region at October and March because of the high-tillering and rate of spike per aerial part.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.45 no.5
• /
• pp.797-804
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding a mixture of broiler litter and bakery by-product on production, economy and meat characteristics of growing ‘Hanwoo’ steers. A control diet (conventional formulated feed and rice straw) and a treatment diet(90% mixture of broiler litter 64% and bakery by-product 36% and 10% rice straw on DM basis) were prepared on an isoenergetic basis and fed to 20 steers for 12 weeks. Palatability of TMR by ‘Hanwoo’ was fair. Compared with feeding a control diet, feeding a treatment diet resulted in increased(P〈0.05) DM intake, similar OM intake, similar daily weight gain(0.75 vs 0.64 kg/d) and feed efficiency of DM(10.1 vs 12.5) and OM(9.0 vs 10.6), considerably(45%) reduced(P〈0.05) feed cost/gain, and similar meat characteristics. These results show that a mixed ration manufactured with broiler litter and bakery by-product may be potentially used for growing ‘Hanwoo’ steers.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.324-327
• /
• 2008

'Onnuri' is a japonica rice cultivar developed from the cross between 'Milyang 165' and HR14732-B-67-2-3 at Honam Agricultural Research Institute (HARI), NICS, RDA, in 2005. This cultivar has a short grain shape and about 121 days growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in Korean climate condition. In reaction to biotic and abiotic stresses, it shows resistance to blast, bacterial blight pathogen from $K_1$ to $K_3$ and stripe virus, but susceptible to other major diseases and insect pests. The milled kernel of 'Onnuri' is translucent with non-glutinous endosperm. It has about 18.6% of amylose content and better palatability of cooked rice compared with 'Chucheongbyeo' cultivated in Kyunggi province. The milled rice yield of 'Onnuri' is about 5.94 MT/ha under the standard fertilizer level of the ordinary transplanting cultivation. 'Onnuri' would be adaptable to southern plain of Cheonan, middle-northern plain, and southern mid-mountainous of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.654-659
• /
• 2009

"Cheongcheongjinmi" is a new japonica rice variety developed from a cross between Iri401 and Ilpumbyeo by the rice breeding team of National Institute of Crop Science, RDA. This variety is suitable for ordinary season culture of low level nitrogen application. Heading date of "Cheongcheongjinmi" is August 17, 4 days later than that of Sobibyeo in plain areas. It has culm length of 82 cm, and relatively semi-erect pubescent leaf blade and slightly tough culm tolerant to lodging with good canopy architecture. This variety has 13 tillers per hill, 126 spikelets per panicle and 90.2% of ripened grains. "Cheongcheongjinmi" showed lower spikelet fertility than Sobibyeo when exposed to cold stress. This variety showed slower leaf senescence and lower viviparous germination compared to Sobibyeo during the ripening stage. "Cheongcheongjinmi" is susceptible to blast disease, bacterial blight, virus diseases and planthoppers. The dried plant weight, total nitrogen and RuBisCO activity of "Cheongcheongjinmi" were higher than those of Sobibyeo in low level nitrogen application. The milled rice of "Cheongcheongjinmi" exhibits translucent, clear non-glutinous endosperm and medium short grain. It shows lower protein and amylose contents than those of Sobibyeo, and better palatability of cooked rice compared to Hwaseongbyeo. The milled rice yield of this cultivar is about 5.10 MT/ha at low level nitrogen application of ordinary season culture in local adaptability test for three years. Especially, "Cheongcheongjinmi" has better milling properties such as the percentage of whole grain in milled rice and milling recovery of whole grain, respectively than those of Sobibyeo. "Cheongcheongjinmi" would be adaptable to middle plain areas and middle-western coastal areas of Korea.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.47 no.6
• /
• pp.955-962
• /
• 2005

This study was conducted to examine the nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation characteristics in sheep fed diets containing four substitution levels of E. ulmoides leaves for rice straw. For the experiment, they were given a basal diet consisting of rice straw and concentrate at a 3:7 ratio (DM basis). The treatments were designed as a 4$\time$4 Latin square design with four sheep (50.2$\pm$1.6 kg body weight). Sheep were allotted in one of four treatments, which were designed to progressively substitute Eucommia ulmoides for 0, 3, 5 and 10% of rice straw in the basal diet. The digestibility of crude fat was significantly (p<0.05) improved by 12.5 to 17.5% in 3% and 5% air dried Eucommia ulmoides leaves compared with that in control. The digestibility of crude fiber in the 3, 5 and 10% treatments was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of the control. Dry matter intake was highest (p<0.05) in sheep fed 10% air dried E. ulmoides). Retained nitrogen in the 3, 5 and 10% treatments was increased up to 97%, 173% and 192%, respectively, compared to that in control (p<0.05). Organic matter utilization was higer in 3% and 5% treatments than control (p<0.05). Purine derivatives and microbial nitrogen synthesis were significantly increased by the dietary substitution of 5 % E. ulmoides leaves (p<0.05) compared with control and the 3% treatment. Ruminal concentration of total-VFA was significantly (p<0.05) higher in sheep fed all levels of air dried Eucommia ulmoides than those of control. It is concluded that air-dried E. ulmoides leaves given to ruminants can increase nutrient digestibility and palatability and improve ruminal fermentation. Therefore, the 5 and 10% substitution of E. ulmoides for roughage are highly recommended to be used in practice.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.314-321
• /
• 2002

Women with the premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) report increased cravings for certain foods and altered taste preferences ding the premenstrual period. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association of PMDD with luteal phase food cravings, appetite, and taste preferences in 1,078 nurses. Among the 626 nurses who gave valid responses, the prevalence of PMDD and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) was 4.6% (N = 29) and 78.3% (N = 490), respectively. A highly significant increase was observed in the preference for sweet tasting foods during the luteal phase, compared to the follicular phase. Desire for sweet foods during the premenstrual period was significantly different among the three groups, being highest in the PMDD group, lower in the PMS group, and lowest in women with no symptoms. Both the PMDD and PMS groups showed significant increases in preferences for pungent tasting foods during the luteal phase. A repeated measures of analysis of variance on the taste preference data revealed that the desire for sweet tasting foods was significantly greater than for others such as salty, sour, and pungent tastes. A greater proportion of the subjects in the PMDD and PMS groups reported an increase in their total food intake during the luteal phase, compared to those women without premenstrual symptoms. Compared to the PMS group or the women with no symptoms, the PMDD group reported increased intakes of high carbohydrate foods during the luteal phase. The most commonly reported food cravings were for sauteed spicy rice cakes (ddukbokki), or for cold buckwheat noodles mixed in chili pepper sauce. These results indicate that the luteal phase food cravings, appetite and taste preferences change in accordance with the severity of the premenstrual symptoms.