• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.435-440
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• 2018

This study analyzed the general components of rice bread with 75% rice content such as water, crude ash, crude protein, crude fat and carbohydrate, and its nutrients such as vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin E content, minerals, amino acids, and fatty acids. The contents of crude protein were high and those of crude fat were low with the contents of crude ash, crude protein, and crude fat being 1.61, 18.50, 0.04 g/100 g respectively. Vitamin A was not detected and the contents of vitamin C and vitamin E were 3.85 and 3.04 mg/100 g, respectively. The calcium, potassium, magnesium, iron and sodium contents were 222.0, 117.90, 24.12, 2.30, 555.90 mg/100 g respectively. Rice bread contains 9 essential amino acids such as valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, threonine, lysine, phenylalanine, histidine, and arginine. The analysis of rice bread fatty acid showed 58.04 mg/100 g of saturated fatty acid, 26.31mg/100 g of monounsaturated fatty acid and 15.64 mg/100 g of polyunsaturated fatty acid. The total essential fatty acid content was 15.49 mg/100 g. With the rising interest in processed rice products, well-being, and diet, it is necessary to develop processed rice foods that are nutritional and low in calories using rice powder that is nutritionally better than flour.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.509-514
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• 1993

The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different fiber levels on milk production of crossbred Holstein milking cows fed urea-treated rice straw (UTS) as a roughage. Eight cows were allotted into 2 squares of 4 cows each with 4 treatments by a balanced design. The treatments were 17%, 22%, and 24% crude fiber (CF) diets and Thai feeding system (free choice of roughage and 1 kg of concentrates/2 kg of milk) as a control. Body weight change was not significantly different among the treatments during the experiment. Milk production (4% FCM) and milk protein content wee not different among the treatments, but milk fat content was low in the 17% CF group and high in the control group. Cows fed the 17% CF diet consumed less UTS and more concentrates than the others, and consequently total DM intake was not different among the treatments. The feed conversion ratio was significantly higher in the control. Feed cost per kg milk was lowest in the control and highest in the 17% CF diet. The fiber content of the diet would be more than 17%, preferably 22-24% for normally producing Thai crossbred Holstein cows when the UTS was fed as a main roughage source.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.137-141
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• 1991

Rumen liquor characteristics and disappearance rate of dry matter were studied in Kedah-Kelantan cattle and swamp buffaloes fed grass of rice straw-based diet. Cobalt-EDTA and chromium mordented fibres prepared from the faecal material were used to determine the liquid and solid particles movement in both animal species fed with rice straw. Swamp buffaloes showed a more intense rumen fermentation activity than Kedah-Kelantan cattle when both species were fed straw-based diet. The buffaloes also demonstrated faster rates of grass and straw degradation in situ. The fluid outflow rate from the rumen of buffalo ($1.06{\pm}0.19l/h$) was observed to be slower than that of cattle ($1.55{\pm}0.01l/h$). No significant differences between cattle and buffaloes were observed in rumen fluid volume and passage rate of small particles from the rumen.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.524-531
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• 1993

In this experiment, we investigated the changes of erythrocyte feature and Ca concentration in rat fed the diet containing different common oils in Korea for different feeding periods(4 weeks or 12 weeks), using Korea sesame oil, perilla oil, rice bran oil and mixed oil. W-3/w-6 ratio of each group was 0.001, 1.44, 0.03 and 0.112, respectively. P/S ratio of each group was 9.64, 10.49, 5.58 and 1.68, respectively. Perilla oil(w-3 rich) increased w-3/w-6 ratio of erythrocyte membrane, decreased the amount of trapped Ca and inhibited the decrease of cell volume. These results indicate that in maybe increase erythroyte fluidity and deformability, and affect erythrocyte function. In conclusion, w-3 rich perilla oil affects erythrocyte feature.

• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.86-97
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• 2017

The major food grains in Korea are rice and barley. The wheat was supplied from USA after World War II in 1945 and it changed the eating habits for Korean diet. The role of barley as a food grain has been diminished and that of wheat has been acknowledged; the consumption per capita per year of wheat is over the half of that of rice which is the staple grain in Korea. This article is a brief review on the background of wheat becoming the important grain in Korean diet and the following developmental story of flour mills. Emphasis was given to the statistics on flour mills industry.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.197-206
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• 2003

본 연구에서 는 sub-optimal 수준의 비타민과 무기질을 섭취하며, 고콜레스테롤 식이에 알코올 섭취를 병행하여 영양 불균형이 유도된 흰쥐를 대상으로 현미와 율무로 구성된 생식 또는 열처리생식을 식이에 첨가하여 5주간 사육시킨 후 체내 지질농도, 항산화체계 및 면역기능에 미치는 영향을 평가하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 영양불균형대조군의 식이효율은 일반대조군에 비해 더 낮았고, 현미 및 율무 함유생식 또는 열처리생식을 첨가한 결과 영양불균형대조군에 비해 식이효율이 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05).혈청 총콜레스테롤 농도는 일반생식군 또는 열처리생식군에서 영양불균형대조군에 비 해 각각 24% 또는 16% 유의적으로 감소하였고(p<0.05) LUL+VLDL-콜레스테롤 농도 역시 일반생식군에서 영양불균형대조군에 비해 26% 유의적으로 감소하였으나(p<0.05), atherogenic index에는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 일반생식군의 간조직 콜레스테롤 농도는 영양불균형대조군에 비해 16% 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). 간조직의 지질과산화물 농도는 일반생식군 또는 열처리 생식 군에서 영양불균형대조군에 비해 각각 38%또는 59% 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). 한편, 영양불균형대조식이에 일반생식 또는 열처리생식을 첨가한 결과 간조직의 항산화효소계 활성에 유의적인 영향을 미치지 못하였다 장간막임파절의 CD4$^{＋}$T-세포 분포 및 CD4$^{＋}$/CD8$^{＋}$비율은 일반생식군에서 영양불균형대조군에 비해 유의적으로 증가한 반면(P<0.05), 열처리생식군과 영양불균형대조군 간에는 유의적 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면 열처리를 하지 않은 현미 및 율무 함유 생식은 열처리생식에 비해 영양불균형 흰쥐의 체내 콜레스테롤 농도 저하효과 및 장간막임파절의 면역활성도 증가효과가 더 우수한 것으로 나타냈다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1661-1665
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• 2003

A feeding trial was conducted for 60 days to study the utilization of fruits processing wastes as feed ingredient in the diet of Labeo rohita fingerlings. One hundred and sixty fingerlings (av. body weight, $1.65g{\pm}0.03$) were equally distributed in four experimental groups having 4 replicates each. Four different experimental diets were prepared by replacing wheat flour and rice bran with either orange (T2) (Cirtus qurantium), pineapple (T3) (Ananas spp. and Pseudananas spp.) or sweet lime (T4) (Citrus sinensis) wastes to the basal diet along with the control (T1, without any fruit wastes) keeping the CP level at around 40%. The water quality parameters like DO, $CO_2$, pH, total alkalinity, total hardness, ammonia and water temperature were recorded within the optimum range. The diet containing 25% pineapple wastes (T3) showed significantly higher growth in terms of SGR (1.50), FCR (2.09) and PER (1.19) than the other groups. However, growth of T4 and T2 groups were not significantly different than the control group (T1). Protease activity (17.17 unit/mg protein), protein digestibility (91.57%) and carbohydrate digestibility (41.62%) were not significantly different among the different groups. Survival of the fingerlings were not significantly different among the experimental groups. It concludes that waste of orange, pineapple and sweet lime can be used at 25% level as a substitute of wheat flour and rice bran in the diet of Labeo rohita.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.924-930
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• 2010

Ileal and total tract digestibility and nitrogen (N) balance of diets with four different protein sources were determined in growing pigs. The diets were based on rice bran, broken rice and maize meal and contained Tra catfish by-product (CBP), processed using three different methods, and marine fish meal (FM). The CBP diets consisted of the by-product in meal form, ensiled with molasses, and CBP waste water (WWBD). The four diets were fed to four growing pigs fitted with post-valve T-cecum (PVTC) cannulas in a $4{\times}4$ Latin Square design. All experimental diets included $Cr_2O_3$ at 5 g/kg feed as an indigestible marker. The ileal apparent digestibility of organic matter and ether extract was higher on diet WWBD than on the other three diets (p<0.05), and the total tract apparent digestibility was higher on diet WWBD than on the FM diet (p<0.05). The ileal and total tract apparent digestibility of crude protein and amino acids was not significantly different among diets (p>0.05). No significant effects of diet were found on N-retention and N utilization. In conclusion, the catfish by-product meal, ensiled catfish by-product and processing waste water diets and the fish meal diet had similar ileal and total tract apparent digestibility, and similar N utilization in growing pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.646-650
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• 2001

The effect of feeding concentrate mixture devoid of grain on the performance of crossbred dairy cows was studied. Twelve crossbred cows of first/second lactation were randomly distributed into two equal groups. The animals of group 1 were fed on a concentrate mixture containing 30% maize grain whereas, the cows of group 2 were offered a concentrate mixture where grain was completely replaced with deoiled rice bran (DORB) and molasses. Wheat straw was given ad libitum to the cows of both the groups. The feeding was continued for 112 days. The intake of dry matter, CP and TDN were similar in both the groups. Digestibility of DM, OM, EE, NDF and ADF were also comparable between the groups. The average daily fat corrected milk (FCM) yield was 7.70 kg and 7.43 kg in group 1 and 2, respectively. The chemical composition of milk (protein, fat and total solids) also remained unaffected. The animals of both the groups gained 9-10 kg body weight which indicates that both the diets were nutritionally adequate and grain can be successfully replaced with DORB and molasses from the diet to sustain about 6-7 kg FCM production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.420-425
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• 2008

The storage of rice polishing (RP) with and without addition of antioxidant for sixteen weeks and its effect on rancidity and metabolizable energy values during the summer season was determined. Fifteen Single Comb White Leghorn cockerels of approximately uniform age and weight were procured and kept in metabolic cages under standard feeding and management practices. Five force feeding trials were conducted. In the first trial, fresh RP with 0 weeks of storage (diet 1 and 2) was used followed by four feeding trials with 4 (diet 3, 4), 8 (diet 5, 6), 12 (diet 7, 8), and 16 (diet 9, 10) weeks of storage of RP. The same birds were used in all trails. The birds were fasted for a period of 21 h, followed by force feeding of 20 g of RP with and without antioxidant for all storage periods. The control/fasting group was also maintained to measure endogenous fecal losses. Excreta were collected after 48 h for the determination of AME and TME values of RP. Along with the biological trials, laboratory assay of the RP stored with and without antioxidant was conducted to measure the extent of rancidity in terms of Thiobarbituric acid value (TBA). The TBA values were affected (p<0.05) by storage period and the values increased when the storage period increased from 4 to 16 weeks. However, the TBA values were significantly reduced (p<0.05) when RP was stored after addition of antioxidant when compared with the values obtained from RP stored without antioxidant (diet 3 vs. 4, 5 vs. 6, 7 vs. 8, and 9 vs. 10). The AME MJ/kg and TME MJ/kg values of RP were neither affected by increase in storage period nor addition of antioxidant. The findings of this study revealed that there was no effect of rancidity and storage time on the nutritive value, AME or TME of RP in poultry. However, TBA values were increased with the increase in storage period.