• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.178-182
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• 1997

The effect of various rice bran extracts such as water extracts (RBW), methanol extracts (RBM) and protein-fiber extracts (RPDF) on serum and liver lipid contents were investigated in rats fed with high-fat diet for 4 weeks. The increases of body weights in RPDF group were lower than those of control group. Serum total cholesterol concentrations were significantly decreased in RPDF group compared with control group. The contents of liver lipid in all three experimental groups were decreased compared to control group. Especially, total cholesterol contents of liver in RPDF group were significantly lower than those in control group. Compared to control group, the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance in the livers of rats in all experimental groups were significantly reduced, but there was no significant difference among the three experimental groups.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.263-270
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• 2004

A repeated $4{\times}4$ Latin square design was conducted with eight ileal cannulated castrates to examine the effect of source of starch and fiber on nutrient balance and energy metabolism. Pigs were fed on one of the four experimental diets: Control diet (C) mainly based on cooked rice; and diets P, S and W with the inclusion of either raw potato starch, sugar beet pulp or wheat bran supplementation, respectively. With the exception of an increased (p<0.05) energy loss from methane production with diet S observed, no significant differences (p>0.05) in the ratio of metabolizable energy (ME)/digestible energy, the utilization of ME for fat deposition and for protein deposition, energy loss as hydrogen and urinary energy were found between diets. The efficiency of utilization of ME for maintenance was lower (p<0.05) with diets P and S than with diet C. The inclusion of fiber sources (sugar beet pulp or wheat bran) or potato starch reduced the maintenance energy requirement. The fecal energy excretion was increased (p<0.05) with either sugar beet pulp or wheat bran supplementation, while it was unaffected (p>0.05) by addition of potato starch. In comparison with diets C and P, a lowered ileal or fecal digestibility of energy with diets S and W was observed (p<0.05). Feeding sugar beet pulp caused increased (p<0.05) daily production of methane and carbon dioxide and consequently increased energy losses from methane and carbon dioxide production, while it did not influence the daily hydrogen production (p>0.05). An increased (p<0.05) proportion of NSP excreted in feces was seen by the supplementation of wheat bran. Higher NSP intake caused an increased daily amount of NSP in the ileum, but the ileal NSP proportion as a percentage of NSP intake was unaffected by diets. Feeding potato starch resulted in increased daily amount of starch measured in the ileum and the proportion of ileal starch as a percentage of starch intake, while no significant influence on fecal starch was found. Higher (p<0.05) daily amount of fecal starch and the proportion of fecal starch as a percentage of starch intake were found with fiber sources supplementation compared with diets C and P. By increasing the dietary NSP content the fecal amount of starch increased (p<0.01).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.539-550
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• 1996

Experiment was conducted to study the effect of sources of dietary fiber on the intestinal morphology of geese. Sixty white Roman geese of two-week-old were divided randomly into six groups and were fed with isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets which contain alfalfa meal, barley hull, rice hull, purified cellulose, lignin, or pectin as the major dietary source of fiber. Different sources of dietary fiber significantly influenced the villi height and the crypt depth in the duodenum, and the villi height and the muscle layer thickness in the ileum (p < 0.05). The duodenal villus in the geese that fed diets with alfalfa meal, rice hull or pectin supplemented were significantly longest ($968.5{\mu}m$), whereas the lignin group was significantly shortest villus and deepest crypt depth (p < 0.05). The thicknesses of the ileal and caecal muscle layer were significantly thicker in the geese fed with cellulose supplemented diets than in those fed with the other treatment diets. The caecum of the barley bran fed geese possessed significantly longest villi and the most thick muscle layers (p < 0.05). From scanning electronic microscopic observation, the leafy and plate-like in the duodenal villi morphology of geese represented a more effective nutrient absorption in the small intestine. The morphology of ileal villi in geese was similar from herbivorous rabbit and from the African Green monkey.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.988-995
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• 1994

This study was performed to investigate the influence of various dietary fiber sources(rice bran, Chinese cabbage, radish, apple, laver, sea mustard) on the intestinal microflora in rats. Eight groups of rats were fed each experimental diets containing 5% of total dietary fiber for 4 weeks. Total viable counts and the numbers of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Clostridium, E. coli and Staphylococcus were determined by nonselective medium and various selective media. The number of Bifidobacterium(p<0.01) was higher in the apple and sea mustard groups than those in the other groups and the number of Lactobacillus(p<0.01) was lower in the radish group. A decrease in the intestinal population of clostridium was shown in the sea mustard group. The E. coli(p<0.01) and Staphylococcus(p<0.01) populations decreased in the apple group compared with other groups. These findings suggest that the apple fiber and sea mustard fiber are effective in improving intestinal flora of rats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.1144-1148
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• 2001

The implications of incorporating deoiled rice bran (DORB) in diet on the utilization of certain nutrients had been examined through balance studies made with 6- and 10- week-old Japanese quails. The stuffs evaluated in this study had their origin from two different types of processes- a batch extraction (DORB-B) and another continuous process (DORB-C), and each included at 10, 20 or 30% level in an iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diet. On chemical analyses, the DORB-B was found to contain crude protein, 19.0; ether extract, 0.79; total ash, 17.05; Ca, 0.11; P, 1.92; glucose, 2.35 and starch 11.22 g/100 g day matter. Corresponding values for DORB-C were 15.02, 1.56, 13.0, 0.40, 2.76, 2.16 and 19.0, respectively. The data on nutrient balances with quails fed diets containing the two-types of DORB suggested no significant (p>0.05) differences in per cent retention of diet dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE), gross energy (GE), nitrogen (N), crude fiber (CF), calcium (Ca) or phosphorus (P) content attributable to the extraction process. The age of the birds also appeared to have no significant (p>0.05) effect on nutrient utilization by them. However, the level of inclusion of DORB had a significant (p<0.05) effect on nutrient utilization by quails in that the retention of dietary N, EE, CF, Ca and P was better at lower than at higher levels. It is concluded that the DORB, irrespective of extraction process, can safely be employed upto 20% level in diet of adult Japanese quails without noticeable interference in utilizing the major dietary nutrients.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 1978

In order to determine the feeding value of t:1e waste wood of Lentinus eddodes, the waste wood was milled and treated with $Ca(OH)_2$ and cellulase, then raw waste wood and the treated waste wood were fed to broiler chicken and Korean native goates. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The chemical composition of the waste wood was c. protein 2.26%. c. fat 2.57%. c. fiber 44.60 and c. ash 5.58%. No differences were detected between the raw waste wood and $Ca(OH)_2$ or cellulase treated waste wood in chemical composition. 2. In amino acid composition. no cystine and methionine was showed, but trace amount of Vitamin A, $B_1$, and $B_2$, and cholin chloride were detected. 3. Trichoderma viride SANK. No. 16374 was used to decompose the cellulose. 4. In broiler performance, when waste wood meal was subsituted for 5% wheat bran, no adverse effect was showed on weight gain, feed in take and feed efficiency. But $Ca(OH)_2$ and cellulase treated waste wood meal could be subsituted for 8% wheat bran. 5. In Korean native goat performance, feeding waste wood meal subsituted by 50% various bran (25% defatted rice bran and 25% barley bran) had no adverse effect on growth and feed efficiency. 6. Considering the above results, though the waste wood meal could be replaced to part of various bran, there was a bottle-neck to process the waste wood. The waste wood of Lentinus edodes was little feeding value on bed of ruminant.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 1995

This study was performed to investigate the influence of dietary fibers from the whole foods on the serum lipid level and bowel function in rats. The fiber sources of experimental diets were prepared by drying and milling of cereal(rice bran), vegetables(Korean cabbage, radish), fruit(apple), and sea weeds(laver, sea tangle). Each of fiber sources was mixed into the diet to make the 5% level of total dietary fiber. Male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were blocked into 8 groups : FF, CC, CE, V1, V2, ER, S1, and S2. The animals were fed ad libitum each of experimental diets for 4 weeks. Serum triglyceride level was not significantly different among groups. The laver group showed the lowest level in the serum total cholesterol. The Korean cabbage group showed the highest level in the serum HDL cholesterol. The longest transit time was observed in the fiber free group and the shortest transit time was observed in the sea tangle group. Absorption rates of calcium were especially lower in the Korean cabbage and the sea tangle groups than the other groups. Magnesium and phosphorus absorption rates were influenced by SDF(Soluble Dietary Fiber) intake and TDF(Total Dietary Fiber) intake, respectively. Mucosa weight in the small intestine showed the tendency to increase by increasing of IDF (Insoluble Dietary Fiber) intake. especially the Korean cabbage group was the heaviest. The activity of maltase in the mucosa of small intestine was the lowest in the radish group.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 1985

Fifteen 1-yr old roosters were employed in order to investigate the influence of various dietary fibers on the water and Na metabolism of chicken. Wheat bran, pure cellulose and ground rice straw replaced corn in the control diet at 10% level; Pectin replaced corn at 8% level. Three roosters were allotted per dietary treatment and one rooster per replicate. The limit of probability accepted as being significant was P$\leq$.05. The dry matter metabolizabilities of cellulose and rice straw diets were significantly lower, and those of control and pectin diets were significantly higher than that of the wheat bran diet. Pectin fed roosters seemed to drink more water than did the other birds. Also, excreta from roosters fed the pectin diet were significantly wetter than those from other treatments. However, no difference in water intake and fecal moisture were found when !he roosters were colostomized. It was also found that the colostomized birds drank more water than did intact ones. Data of water holding capacity and bulk density of dried excreta showed that cellulose, rice straw and wheat bran in decreasing order were strong in fibrous property. There were no significant differences in C$_{Na+}$ , Cosm and C$_{{H_2}O}$ among all treatments. When the values of urine volume, urine osmolality and C$_{{H_2}O}$ were put together, it can be concluded that 11 out of 15 roosters developed diuresis. More severe diuretic symptoms were developed in roosters when they were fed more fibrous diets. In conclusion, when the four dietary fibers were graded in terms of fibrous property, it turned out to be pectin, cellulose, rice straw and wheat bran in decreasing order.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.115-125
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• 1984

The Waste Rice Straws (W.R.S.) after cultivation with the Pleurotas Ostreatus SACCARDO was substituted for wheat bran in the broiler ration. The results of the experiment 1 and 2 obtained were summerized as follows; 1. The content of C. protein in the W.R.S. showed 1.5% higher value than that in the rice straw. No change was detected in the content of C. fat. However the content of C. fiber and N.F.E in W.R.S. decreased in comparision with those of raw rice straw. 2. The treated groups were inclned to rapid gain of body weight, especially the 4% W.R.S. group had been showed significatly higher value of gain than the control and 6% treated groups (p＜0.05 ). 3. No significant differences were observed in the amount of feet intake among experimental groups, even if the treated groups showed slightly higher intake than control group. 4. The treated groups in W.R.S. were inferior to the control group in feed intake but there were no significant differences. 5. The methionine in W.R.S. was the only amino acid which contained similar quantity of wheat brans. 6. To extend the amount of W.R.S. in broiler ration the 6% of W.R.S. was substituted for wheat bran and methionine mixture was added. No significance differences had been showed in weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency between control and treated groups. Even though the treated groups showed more feed intake and lower weight gain in comparision with control group. 7. The methionine added group showed adverse effect in economics of production (p＜0.01) because of high cost of the methionine mixture, Therefore less than. 6% of the WRS could be substituted for wheat bran. According to the results of the experiment 1 and 2 it could be concluded that maximum use of the W.R.R. as substitute for wheat bran was less than 4% of the ration.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.201-208
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• 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate the ensiling characteristics and the in situ degradability of a by-product feed (BF)-based silage. Before ensilation, the BF-based mixture was composed of 50% spent mushroom substrate, 21% recycled poultry bedding, 15% ryegrass straw, 10.8% rice bran, 2% molasses, 0.6% bentonite, and 0.6% microbial inoculant on a wet basis and ensiled for up to 4 weeks. The BF-based silage contained on average 39.3% moisture, 13.4% crude protein (CP), and 52.2% neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 49% total digestible nutrient, and 37.8% physically effective $NDF_{1.18}$ on a dry matter (DM) basis. Ensiling the BF-based silage for up to 4 weeks affected (p<0.01) the chemical composition to a small extent, increased (p<0.05) the lactic acid and $NH_3$-N content, and decreased (p<0.05) both the total bacterial and lactic acid bacterial counts from $10^9$ to $10^8$ cfu/g when compared to that before ensiling. These parameters indicated that the silage was fermented and stored well during the 4-week ensiling period. Compared with rice or ryegrass straws, the BF-based silage had a higher (p<0.05) water-soluble and filterable fraction, a lower insoluble degradable DM and CP fraction (p<0.05), a lower digestible NDF (p<0.05) fraction, a higher (p<0.05) DM and CP disappearance and degradability rate, and a lower (p<0.05) NDF disappearance and degradability rate. These results indicated that cheap, good-quality BF-based roughage could be produced by ensiling SMS, RPB, rice bran, and a minimal amount of straw.