• Title/Summary/Keyword: rice (Oryza sativa L.) salt stress

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Changes in Root Water Uptake and Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Dongjin) Seedling under NaCl Stress (NaCl 스트레스에 따른 벼 유식물의 뿌리 수분흡수와 엽록소형광의 변화)

  • Chun, Hyun-Sik
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.154-161
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    • 2008
  • The physiological and photochemical responses of rice seedling to NaCl stress were investigated through measuring leaf relative water content (RWC), root water uptake and chlorophyll fluorescence. When plants were exposed to increased salinity stress, the visual symptoms of injury were significant at ${\geq}$500 mM NaCl concentration for 4 and 5 day stress periods. The differences in Fv/Fm between control treatment and plants treated with 500 mM and 1,000 mM NaCl were evident after 5 day and 4 day, respectively, whereas in root water uptake its effect was observed at 500 mM and 1,000 mM NaCl at 2 day of salt-stressed periods. Leaf RWC in salt-stressed plants decreased gradually with increasing salinity in exogenous solution and duration of salt stress, and these decrease showed leaf RWC of 58-68% atduration over 2 day stress of 1,000 mM NaCl treatment and 88% at 1 day stress. NaCl stress led to a significant inhibition of the light-induced greening in etiolated rice plants, especially in 4 and 5 day salt-stressed plants, which linearly decreased with NaCl concentration ($R^2$=0.812 and 0.918, respectively). The effects of NaCl stress in rice seedlings indicate that water uptake in root is more sensitive to increasing NaCl concentration and stress duration than Fv /Fm in leaves compared with the same NaCl concentration.

Water Deficit in Salt- and Drought- stressed Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Seedlings (염과 건조처리에 따른 벼 유묘의 수분결핍)

  • Kang, Dong-Jin;Ishii, Ryuichi;Lee, In-Jung
    • Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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    • v.21
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2003
  • Plants are often subjected to periods of soil and atmospheric water deficit during their life cycle. To find critical levels for identification of tolerant rice variety to salt- and drought-stresses, we investigated the water deficiency in the leaf of a Dongjinbyeo (DJ) cultivar, identified as intolerant variety, subjected to NaCl- and Polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG)- treatments. The relative water content and water potential in leaf of DJ plant sharply declined along the high concentration and time after treatment in NaCl- and PEG-treated rice plants. To elucidate the method of simple screening of tolerant variety to salt- and drought-stresses, we examined the relationship between relative water content and water potential of leaves in NaCl- and PEG-treated rice plants. The relationship between relative water content and water potential in leaf of DJ plant showed the highest correlation in 80 mM NaCl-treatment, and showed high correlation only 8% PEG treatment. These results indicate that the critical level of salt stress for screening of tolerant rice was 80 mM NaCl at 48 h after NaCl treatment, and the critical concentration of drought stress for screening of tolerant rice was 8% PEG at 96 h after PEG treatment.

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Phenotypic and genotypic screening of rice accessions for salt tolerance

  • Reddy, Inja Naga Bheema Lingeswar;Kim, Sung-Mi;Yoon, In Sun;Kim, Beom-Gi;Kwon, Taek-Ryoun
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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    • 2017.06a
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    • pp.188-188
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    • 2017
  • Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the major crops that is seriously impacted by global soil salinization. Rice is among those crops where most of the high-yielding cultivars are highly sensitive to salinity. The key to a plant survival under NaCl salt stress is by maintaining a high $K^+/Na^+$ ratio in its cells. Selection for salinity tolerance genotypes of rice based on phenotypic performance alone is less reliable and will delay in progress in breeding. Recent advent of molecular markers, microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were used to find out salt tolerant rice genotypes. In the current experiment phenotyping and genotyping studies were correlated to differentiate different rice accessions for salinity tolerance. Eight rice accessions along with check plant Dongjin were screened by physiological studies using Yoshida solution with 50mM NaCl stress condition. The physiology studies identified four tolerant and four susceptible accessions based on their potassium concentration, sodium concentration, $K^+/Na^+$ ratio and biomass. 17 SSR markers were used to evaluate these rice accessions for salt tolerance out of which five molecular markers were able to discriminate tolerant accessions from the susceptible accessions. Banding pattern of the accessions was scored comparing to the banding pattern of Dongjin. The study identifies accessions based on their association of $K^+/Na^+$ ratio with molecular markers which is very reliable. These markers identified can play a significant role in screening large set of rice accessions for salt tolerance; these markers can be utilized to improve salt tolerance of commercial rice varieties with marker-assisted selection (MAS) approach.

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Effects of Low Dose Gamma-irradiation on Alleviation of Salt Stress in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Seedling (저선량 감마선 조사가 벼 유묘의 염 스트레스 경감에 미치는 영향)

  • Baek, Myung-Hwa;Kim, Jin-Hong;Wi, Seung-Gon;Lee, In-Jung;Lee, Kyu-Seong;Kim, Jae-Sung
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.153-158
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    • 2005
  • To investigate alleviation effects of salt stress by low dose gamma-irradiation on seedling growth of rice (Oryza shrive L), in plants of two rice cultivars (Ilpumbyeo and Gancheokbyeo), seeds were irradiated with the different doses $(0{\sim}32\;Gy)$ of gamma-ray by irradiator ($^{60}Co$, ca.150 TBq of capacity, AECL). The salt stress caused a remarkable decrease of seedling growth, particularly for dry weight. In addition, relative growth rate was decreased over 50% by the salt stress. However, the salt stress-induced inhibition of growth was alleviated by gamma-irradiation. Especially, the relative growth rate of shoot showed the reduction effect over 30% at 4 Gy-irradiated groups as compared with that of control. Also, electrolyte leakage and relative water content were damaged, respectively 4 times and 30% by the salt stress but the damages were alleviated by the gamma-irradiation. These alleviation effects were observed similarly in both the cultivars tested. These results suggest that the low dose gamma-irradiation may have a better protection or the salt stress.

Cross-Tolerance and Responses of Antioxidative Enzymes of Rice to Various Environmental Stresse

  • Kuk, Yong-In;Shin, Ji-San
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.52 no.3
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    • pp.264-273
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    • 2007
  • In order to examine the cross-tolerance of two chilling-tolerant cultivars (Donganbyeo and Heukhyangbyeo) and two chilling-susceptible cultivars (Hyangmibyeo and Taekbaekbyeo) to salt, paraquat, and drought, changes of physiological response and antioxidant enzymes were investigated. The seedlings were grown in a growth chamber until the 4-leaf stage. The seedlings were exposed to chilling at $5^{\circ}C$ for 3 days. For drought treatment, the seedlings were subjected to drought by withholding water from plants for 5 days. For paraquat study, plants were sprayed with $300{\mu}M$ paraquat. For the salt stress, the seedlings were transferred to the Hoagland's nutrient solution containing 0.6% (w/v) NaCl for 4 days. Chilling-tolerant cultivars showed cross-tolerant to other stresses, salt, paraquat, and drought in physiological parameters, such as leaf injury, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and lipid peroxidation. The baseline levels of antioxidative enzyme activities, catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) activities in chilling-tolerant cultivars were higher than in the chilling-susceptible cultivars. However, there were no differences in ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities between chilling-tolerant and -susceptible cultivars in untreated control. CAT activity in chilling-tolerant cultivars was higher than that in chilling-susceptible cultivars during chilling, salt, and drought treatments, but not during paraquat treatment. However, other antioxidative enzymes, APX, POX, and GR activities showed no significant differences between chilling-tolerant and -susceptible cultivars during chilling, salt, paraquat, and drought treatments. Thus, it was assumed that CAT contribute to cross-tolerance mechanism of chilling, salt, and drought in rice plants.

Reduction of Stress Caused by Drought and Salt in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Crops through Applications of Selected Plant Extracts and the Physiological Response Mechanisms of Rice

  • Hyun Hwa Park;Young Seon Lee;Yong In Kuk
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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    • 2022.10a
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    • pp.57-57
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    • 2022
  • In many areas of the world, salt damage and drought have had a negative impact on human survival due to a decrease in agricultural productivity. For instance, about 50% of agricultural land will be affected by salt damage by 2050. Biostimulants such as plant extracts can not only increase the nutrient utilization efficiency of plants, but also promote plant growth and increase resistance to abiotic or biotic stress. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine how selected plant extracts might reduce levels of stress caused by drought and salt and to better understand the physiological response mechanisms of rice plants. In this study, we used Soybean leaves, Soybean stems and Allium tuberosum, Allium cepa, Hizikia fusiforme, and Gracilaria verrucosa extracts were used. These extracts had been used in previous studies and were found to be effective. The materials were dried in a dry oven at 50℃ for 5 days and ground using a blender. Each 50 g of materials was put in 1 L of distilled water, stirred for 24 hours, filtered using 4 layers of mirocloth, and then concentrated using a concentrator. Rice (cv. Hopumbyeo) seeds were immersed and germinated, and then sown in seedbeds filled with commercial soil. In drought experiments, three rice seedlings at 1 week after seeding was transplanted into 100 ml cups filled with commercial soils and grown until the 4-leaf stage. For this experiment, the soil weight in a cup was equalized, and water was allowed to become 100% saturated and then drained for 24 hours. Thereafter, plant extracts at 3% concentrations were applied to the soils. For NaCl treatments, rice plants at 17 days after seeding were treated with either 100 mM NaCl or plant extracts at 1%+ 100 mM NaCl combinations in the growth chamber. Leaf injury, relative water content, photosynthetic efficiency, and chlorophyll contents were measured at 3, 5, and 6 days after treatments. Shoot fresh weight of rice under drought conditions increased 28-37% in response to treatments of Soybean leaf, Soybean stem, Allium tuberosum, Allium cepa, Hizikia fusiforme, and Gracilaria verrucosa extracts at 3% when compared with control plants. Shoot fresh weight of rice subjected to 100 mM NaCl treatments also increased by 6-24% in response to Soybean leaf, Soybean stem, Allium tuberosum, Allium cepa, Hizikia fusiforme, and Gracilaria verrucosa extracts at 3% when compared with control plants. Compared to the control, rice plants treated with these six extracts and subjected to drought conditions had significantly higher relative water content, Fv/Fm, total chlorophyll and total carotenoids than control plants. With the exception of relative water contents, rice plants treated with the six extracts and subjected to salt stress (100 mM NaCl treatments) had significantly higher Fv/Fm, total chlorophyll and total carotenoids than control plants. However, the type of extract used did not produce significant difference in these parameters. Thus, all the plant extracts used in this study could mitigate drought and NaCl stresses and could also contribute substantially to sustainable crop production.

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Comprehensive Analysis of the Expression of Twenty-Seven β-1, 3-Glucanase Genes in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

  • Hwang, Du Hyeon;Kim, Sun Tae;Kim, Sang Gon;Kang, Kyu Young
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.207-214
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    • 2007
  • lant ${\beta}$-1, 3-glucanases are involved in plant defense and in development. Very little data are available on the expression of rice glucanases both in developmental tissues and under various stresses. In this study, we cloned and characterized twenty-seven rice ${\beta}$-1, 3-glucanases (OsGlu) from at total of 71 putative glucanases. The OsGlu genes were obtained by PCR from a cDNA library and were classified into seven groups (Group I to VII) according to their DNA or amino acid sequence homology. Analysis of the expression of the twenty-seven OsGlu genes by Northern blotting revealed that they were differentially expressed in different developmental tissues as well as in response to plant hormones, biotic stress, high salt etc. OsGlu11 and 27 in Group IV were clearly expressed only in stem and leaf and were also induced strongly by SA (5 mM), ABA ($200{\mu}M$), and M. grisea. OsGlu1, 10, 11, and 14 were induced earlier and to higher levels in incompatible M. grisea interaction than in compatible one. Taken together, our findings suggest that the twenty-seven rice OsGlu gene products play diverse roles not only in plant defense but also in hormonal responses and in development.