• Plant Resources
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.110-115
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• 2005

Ribosomal protein complex with ribosomal RNA to form the subunits of the ribosome serve essential functions in protein synthesis. A full-length cDNA (PRPS4) encoding ribosomal protein S4 has been isolated and its nucleotide sequence determined in ginseng plant (Panax ginseng). A PRPS4 cDNA is 1105 nucleotides long and has an open reading frame of 792 bp with a deduced amino acid sequence of 264 residues (pI 10.67). The deduced amino acid sequence of PRPS4 matched to the previously reported ribosomal protein S4 genes. Their degree of amino acid identity ranged from 68 to $92\%$. Phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid residues showed that the PRPS4 grouped with ribosomal protein S4 of S. tuberosum (CAA54095).

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.171-175
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• 2000

Determined sequences of 384 randomly selected clones in a PCR-based cDNA library of Antheraea yamamai could identify expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of highly expressed gene. One EST (fibroin) appeared 15 times, one EST (40S ribosomal protein S18) twelve times, one EST (ribosomal protein S24a) eleven times, ten times (ribosomal protein S8), nine times (60S ribosomal protein L10A), seven times (60S ribosomal protein S15A, S17, S17 and seroin), six times (ribosomal protein S8), five times (ribosomal protein S24, mariner transposase and P8 protein), four times (serpin 2), three times (heat shock protein 70 and poly A binding protein), and the remaining 6 ESTs twice (amylase, KIAA1006, elongation factor-1, transposon mag, translation initiation factor 4C, QM protein, transposase). Therefore, the 94 EST make it possible to identify 24 redundant clones that are candidates for highly expressed genes in posterior silk gland of this insect. The 24 redundant EST clones were identified in GenBank, but none of them was related to A. yamamai, suggesting that there are many unidentified genes which are highly expressed in the A. yamamai genome.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.178-183
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• 2010

목 적 : 최근에 macrolide계 항균제에 내성인 M. pneumoniae 균주가 증가한다는 외국의 보고가 있었으며, 국내에서 수행된 한 연구에서도 M. pneumoniae의 macrolide 내성률을 49% 정도로 보고한 바 있다. 이에, 본 연구는 M. pneumoniae 폐렴으로 진단된 소아의 비인두 흡인물에서 M. pneumoniae의 macrolide 계항균제 내성에 연관된 것으로 알려진 유전자 변이 유무를 확인하고, M. pneumoniae의 macrolide계 항균제에 대한 최소억제농도를 측정하기 위한 기초 연구로 M. pneumoniae 배양법을 구축하고자 시행되었다. 방 법 : 2000년과 2003년 M. pneumoniae 감염의 유행기에 급성 호흡기 증상을 주소로 서울대학교 어린이병원과 분당서울대학교병원에서 치료받은 소아 중 혈청학적 검사와 M. pneumoniae PCR을 통해 M. pneumoniae 폐렴으로 진단받은 환아 62명으로 부터 채취하여 $-80^{\circ}C$에 보관되었던 비인두 흡인물을 대상으로 하였다. M. pneumoniae의 23S rRNA domain V의 peptidyl transferase 부위와 ribosomal protein L4를 M. pneumoniae 특이 PCR로 증폭한 후 염기서열분석을 시행하였다. 염기서열의 분석은 M. pneumoniae 표준 균주와 비교하여, 23S rRNA domain V의 A2063G, A2064G 변이와 ribosomal protein L4의 M144V변이 유무를 확인하였다. 또한, M. pneumoniae 표준 균주와 33개의 비인두흡인물($-80^{\circ}C$에 보관되었던 28검체와 1-2일간 냉장보관되었던 비인두흡인물 5 검체)을 Chanock's glucose 액체배지와 한천배지에 접종하고 $37^{\circ}C$의 5% $CO_2$ 항온기에서 6주간 관찰하여 배양을 확인하였다. 결 과 : 총 62 검체 중 23S rRNA gene에 대한 염기서열분석이 가능했던 61 검체 중 1검체(1.6%)에서 A2064G변이가 관찰되었고, 62 검체의 ribosomal protein L4에 대한 염기서열분석 결과 17검체(27.4%)에서 M144V 아미노산 변이가 확인되었다. M. pneumoniae 배양 결과, 표준 균주는 Chanock's glucose 액체배지와 한천배지 모두에서 배양되었고 2009년에 채취된 5검체 중 2검체에서 배양이 확인되었으나, $-80^{\circ}C$에 보관되었던 28검체는 모두 배양되지 않았다. 결 론 : 본 연구에서 23S rRNA gene의 유전자 변이 빈도는 매우 낮았고, ribosomal protein L4의 M144V 변이는 좀 더 많은 검체에서 확인되었다. Macrolide계 항균제에 내성인 M. pneumoniae의 분포와 M. pneumoniae의 23S rRNA gene과 ribosomal protein L4의 변이에 대한 추가적인 연구들을 통해 M. pneumoniae의 macrolide 항균제에 대한 내성기전을 이해하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.34-38
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• 2001

The cDNA encoding ribosomal protein S4(RPS 4) from an ovary cDNA library of the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata) was cloned and sequenced. The RPS4X gene from monkey X chromosome encodes a deduced protein of 263 amino acids and share 99.1% cDNA sequence similarity and 100% amino acid sequence identify with the human RPS4X. Rate of synonymous substitution was higher in RPS4Y than in RPS4X in comparison to the monkey and human. The ratio of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions per site indicated that directional selection has nor occurred in RPS4 genes. Phylogenetic analysis using the neighbor-joining method revealed that X and Y-linked RPS4 genes have evolved independently.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.147-151
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• 2000

Brevibacterium ammoniagenes 염색체상에서 phosphotrans-ferase system의 glucose permease를 코드하는 ptsG 유전자와 인접한 지역의 염기서열을 결정한 결돠 1,467 nucleo-tides로 구성된 1개의 open reading frame(ORF)이 발견되었고 이것은 489 아미노산 잔기로 구성되는 단백질을 코드하는 것으로추정된다. 이러한 ORF로부터 추정된 단백질의 아미노산 잔기배열을 분석한 결과 30S 리보좀을 구성하는 단백질중의 하나인 S1과 상동성이 높은 것으로 나타났는데 특히 Mycobacterium tuberculosis M. leprae와 Srepto-myces coelicola의 S1단백질의 아미노산 잔기배열과 각각 83%, 74%m, 77%의 매우 높은 상동성을 보였으며 Escherichia coli의 것과도 약 40%의 상동성을 보였다 이로보아 B.ammoniagenes 염색체상에서 ptsG 유전자와 인접한 지역에 존재하는 ORF는 리보좀 단백질 S1의 유전자로 추정된다. 또한 이들은 염색체상에서 동일한 방향으로 판독되며 S1의 유전자가 ptsG의 위 지역으로 266 nucleotides 떨어져 존재하고 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.2021-2030
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• 2020

Objective: Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has been extensively used in the field of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) research to elucidate their characteristics and clinical potential by normalization of target genes against reference genes (RGs), which are believed to be stably expressed irrespective of various experimental conditions. However, the expression of RGs is also variable depending on the experimental conditions, which may lead to false or contradictory conclusions upon normalization. Due to the current lack of information for a clear list of stable RGs in bovine MSCs, we conducted this study to identify suitable RGs in bovine MSCs. Methods: The cycle threshold values of ten traditionally used RGs (18S ribosomal RNA [18S], beta-2-microglobulin [B2M], H2A histone family, member Z [H2A], peptidylprolyl isomerase A [PPIA], ribosomal protein 4 [RPL4], succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit A [SDHA], beta actin [ACTB], glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [GAPDH], TATA box binding protein [TBP], and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltrasnfrase1 [HPRT1]) in bovine bone marrow-derived MSCs (bBMMSCs) were validated for their stabilities using three types of RG evaluation algorithms (geNorm, Normfinder, and Bestkeeper). The effect of validated RGs was then verified by normalization of lineage-specific genes (fatty acid binding protein 4 [FABP4] and osteonectin [ON]) expressions during differentiations of bBMMSCs or POU class 5 homeobox 1 (OCT4) expression between bBMMSCs and dermal skins. Results: Based on the results obtained for the three most stable RGs from geNorm (TBP, RPL4, and H2A), Normfinder (TBP, RPL4, and SDHA), and Bestkeeper (TBP, RPL4, and SDHA), it was comprehensively determined that TBP and RPL4 were the most stable RGs in bBMMSCs. However, traditional RGs were suggested to be the least stable (18S) or moderately stable (GAPDH and ACTB) in bBMMSCs. Normalization of FABP4 or ON against TBP, RPL4, and 18S presented significant differences during differentiation of bBMMSCs. However, although significantly low expression of OCT4 was detected in dermal skins compared to that in bBMMSCs when TBP and RPL4 were used in normalization, normalization against 18S exhibited no significance. Conclusion: This study proposes that TBP and RPL4 were suitable as stable RGs for qPCR study in bovine MSCs.

• BMB Reports
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.379-384
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• 2001

The cDNA encoding ribosomal protein was identified from a cDNA library of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The nucleotide sequence of the 548 by cDNA clone reveals an open reading frame, which encodes a putative protein of 166 amino acids with a molecular mass of 18.3 kDa. The amino acid sequence of the S. pombe L11 protein is highly homologous with those of rat and fruit, while it is clearly less similar to those of prokaryotic counterparts. The 1,044 by upstream sequence, and the region encoding N-terminal 7 amino acids of the genomic DNA were fused into the promoterless $\beta$-galactosidase gene of the shuttle vector YEp357 in order to generate the fusion plasmid pHY L11. Synthesis of $\beta$-galactosidase from the fusion plasmid varied according to the growth curve. It decreased significantly in the growth-arrested yeast cells that were treated with aluminum chloride and mercuric chloride. However, it was enhanced by treatments with cadmium chloride ($2.5\;{\mu}M$), zinc chloride ($2.5\;{\mu}M$), and hydrogen peroxide (0.5 mM). This indicates that the expression of the L,11 gene could be induced by oxidative stress.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제17권
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• pp.71-77
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• 2001

The brain of the aged dog possesses senile plaques and amyloid angiopathy, which characterize Alzheimer's disease brains. We have defined the dementia condition of aged dogs and examined which mechanism(s) is responsible for the condition. A series of studies revealed that the dementia condition in aged dogs is significantly related to the number of apoptotic brain cells including both neurons and glial cells, but not to the number of senile plaques. On the other hand, 5-azacytidine (5AzC) is a cytidine analogue, and is thought to induce kinds of cell differentiation possibly through hypomethylation of genomic DNA. We have revealed neuronal apoptosis induced in 5AzC-treated fetal mice and PC12 cells. The ribosomal protein L4 (rpL4) gene is expressed prior to the apoptosis in the PC12 cell system. Therefore, the involvement of the rpL4 gene expression in age-related brain cell apoptosis in dogs may contribute to the investigation of Alzheimer's dementia.

• Journal of Life Science
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2002

Saccharomyces cerevisiae KNU5377 (KNU5377) and S. cerevisiae ATCC24858 (ATCC24858) were exposed to $H_2SO_4$ as a stress, which was added at various concentrations to a YPD media. The growth of KNU5377 was reduced to approximately 60% in the YPD media containing 40 nm sulfuric acid when compared to the non-stressed condition. When their growth was monitored during an overnight culture, two strains, KNU5377 and ATCC24858, could not grow when exposed to over 50 mM of sulfuric acid. After a short exposure to this acid for 1 h, KNU5377 exhibited stronger resistance against $H_2SO_4$ than ATCC24858. The neutral trehalase activity of KNU5377 unchanged despite under various concentrations of $H_2SO_4$. In contrast, It at of ATCC24858 was much low at higher $H_2SO_4$concentrations. Trehalose, a non-reducing disaccharide, was maximally accumulated after a short exposure to 60 nm $H_2SO_4$ for KNU5377, but it was reduced under more severe stressful conditions. These results suggest that KNU5377 should modulate the trehalose concentrations under the severe stress condition of high sulfuric acid concentrations. The most highly induced protein in the KNU5377 exposed to sulfuric acid was found to be an approximately 23 kDa protein, which was revealed to be the 605 large subunit ribosomal protein, Ll3 by FASTA search results.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.470-476
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• 2017

mTOR 신호전달 단백질의 변화는 다양한 종류의 암에서 관찰 되었다. 따라서 이들 단백질은 최근에 암 치료제에 대한 새롭고 흥미로운 표적이 되고 있다. 우리는 대장암과 선종 환자의 mTOR 세포신호의 활성도를 조사하였다. 면역조직화학적 방법으로 대장암과 선종의 세포신호 단백질 성분인 mTOR, p70-S6K, S6, 4EBP1 발현을 분석하였다. 이번 연구는 모두 100개의 예를 악성(Colorectal Adenocarcinoma, CRAC) 40건, 고등급 선종(Adenoma with High grade intraepithelial neoplasms, HIN) 30건, 저등급 선종(Adenoma with Low-grade intraepithelial neoplasms, LIN) 30건으로 분류하여 진행하였다. p-mTOR의 발현률은 LIN 7%, HIN 30%, CRAC 75%였고 p-S6의 발현률 또한 LIN 10%, HIN 27%, CRAC 55%였다. p-mTOR, p-S6의 발현과 선종-선암 연속성은 중요한 상관관계 있다는 것이 발견되었다. 그리고 흥미롭게도 p-S6 발현률은 진행암보다 초기암에서 더 높았다.