• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.128-133
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• 1990

The chromatin of all higher eukaryotic cells contains a group of very basic low-mole-cular weight proteins, the histones. But much less is known about histones in lower eukaryotes. Our purpose was to study the histones of the genus Rhizopus. After isolation and purification of nucleoprotein the basic nucleoproteins were analyzed by gel electrophoresis, in sodium dodecyl sulfate as well as acid/urea gels and compared with calf thymus histones. Their electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide gel indicate that they are histone homologous, although not identical, to the H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 histones of mammals with the exception of H1. The result suggests that Rhizopus thus appears to contain histone proteins which are homologous to the histones from in higher eukaryotes. The similarity between the calf thymus histone H1 and the Rhizopus high band group remains to be discussed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1865-1875
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• 2018

Enhanced application of solid-state fermentation (SSF) in industrial production and the influence of SSF of Rhizopus K1 on glucoamylase productivity were analyzed using the flat band method. A growth model was implemented through SSF of Rhizopus K1 in this experiment, and spectrophotometric method was used to determine glucoamylase activity. Results showed that in bran and potato culture medium with 70% moisture in a loose state, ${\mu}$ of mycelium reached to $0.15h^{-1}$ after 45 h of culture in a thermostatic water bath incubator at $30^{\circ}C$. Under a low-magnification microscope, mycelial cells appeared uniform, bulky with numerous branches, and were not easily ruptured. The generated glucoamylase activity reached to 55 U/g (dry basis). This study has good utilization value for glucoamylase production by Rhizopus in SSF.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.93-96
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• 1967

Especially, we mainly dealt on the isolation of mold in the sample of the Korean products, Kock Ja. The kinds of the isolated strain are such as these, Rhizopus, Mucor, Aspergillus oryzae sp., aspergillus niger sp., Penicillum and Flungi Imperfecti. The action of the starch saccharification of isolated strain and the order of liquefying action are follows: The saccharification power was R-l>R-2>M-2> Kock Ja>M-1>O-2>N-1>O-4 The liquefying power was R-1, R-2>0-2>0-4>M-2, Kock Ja>M-1>N-1 We compared the pH's saccharification curve of each kind of strain with Kock Ja. The most suitable pH value of R-1, R-2 was the closest to pH 4. 0, close value with Kock Ja. The Rhizopus species on the saccharification action of each kind of strain in regard to raw wheat starch was stronger than other kinds of strain. We think that to generalize the above result, the Rhizopus species consists of an important strain of this Kock Ja, and is an important factor for the saccharification action of Kock Ja and the existence of Mucor species as well.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.85-91
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• 1998

Habitative microorganisms were isolated from the floated air and surface of record materials of library with ancient archives. The major ecological fungi from them were isolated and identified as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Neurospora sitophile, Mucor mucedo, Mucor rouxii, Penicilliun notatum, Rhizopus delema, Rhizopus nigricans, Thamnidium elegans, and Tricoderma viridae. When the cellulase activity of fungi isolated from ancient archives and documents was analyzed, Mucor rouxii and Penicilliun notatum showed the highest avicelase and filter paper activity, to 18.089 and 2.819 units, respectively, showing destructive ability of old archives and documents. Whereas, Mucor mucedo revealed the highest CMCase activity of exoglucanase to 7.044 units.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.30-36
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• 2001

The microbiodeterioration of paper material like books, archival material, manuscripts both illustrated and written, decorative wall papers, etc. is a serious problem throughout the world in museums, libraries, archives, etc. where these materials are placed. The major ecological fungi from record materials of library with ancient achieves were isolated and identified as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Neurospora sitophile. Mucor mucedo, Mucor rouxii, Penicillium notatum, Rhizopus delema, Rhizopus nigracans, Thanmnidium elegans, Tricodema viridae, Bacillus cereus. Bacillus megaterium, Enterrobacter aerogenes, and Staphylococcus auerus. This study was carried out to investigate the antigungal activities of essential oils. The Essential oils from herb were obtained by vapor distillation method, and the antimicrobial activities were examined with ten fungi & four bacteria. It was found to have activity against microorganisms isolated from a achieves stack rooms.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.159-166
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• 1969

It is necessry to develop and strengthen the activity of enzymic source which in low applied for maggerley brewing as an amylolytic and proteolytic starter, recently in this country the active and strong enzymic starter is required for the better brewing and to substitute another starch material for the present wheat flour. In this study, manufacturing method the strong enzymic source have been developed and established with use of raw wheat bran plus fungal strains of Rhizopus sp. and Aspergillus usamii the culture of starter. The results on experimental the activities of enzymic sources (stater) are as following ; 1. Method of making the enzymic source (starter) is to cultivate the strains of Asperguillus orzyae, Asp. kawachii, Asp usamii and Rhizopus sp. in the acid treated raw or heatboiled wheat bran. 2. The saccharogenic pwoer (S.P.) of enzymic source which consisted of raw bran plus fungi and cultured in it is generally stronger than those of heat-boiled bran plus fungi, the strongest power was shown in the culture of Rhizopus plus raw bran, and the next other is in mixture of Asp.usamii and Rhizopus on raw wheat bran. 3. The most strong alpha amylase activity was expressed in the plot of Asp.oryzae on heat-boiled wheat bran, the next was in the culture of Rhizopus nad Aspergillus usamii on raw wheatbran. 4. The most vigourous acidic proteinase activity was expressed in the micture of raw bran plus Asp. usamii and Rhizopus those were independentlu cu;tured before mixing for neutral proteinase activity, it was shown in the mixed culture of Asp. usamii and Rhizopus on raw wheat bran, the msot active alkaline proteinase activity of enzymic source was found in the plot of raw bran material. 5. For poly-preptidase activity in pH 6.5 it is found that the culture of Rhizopus and Asp.usamii on raw bran was most active among them of enzymic sources. 6. Generally, it is concluded that culture of fungi on acid treated raw wheat bran is stronger in its activity than those of heat boiled wheat bran, especially the culture of Rhizopus nad Asp.usamii on raw bran exhibited the most vigorous and non-polarized activity for all aspects, so it is considered to be most desirable enzymic stater in Korean Maggerley brewing and this would be able to substitute brewing material for the present wheat flour because of its strong and wide hand activity of amylolytic and proteolytic action.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.191-200
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• 2014

Nuruk samples collected from various regions in Korea were investigated in terms of fungal contents and diversity. In measurement of colony forming unit (CFU) in Nuruk suspensions on DRBC agar, Nuruk samples MS4, MS8, and MS10 were among the highest fungal density, with $1,278.9{\pm}21.6$ (${\times}10^4$), $1,868.0{\pm}27.7$ (${\times}10^4$), and $775.1{\pm}19.2$ (${\times}10^4$) were among the samples showing the highest fungal density. CFU per 20 mg Nuruk, respectively. The majority of fungal components were yeasts, including Pichia anomala, P. kudriavzevii, Kluyveromyces marxianus, and Saccharomycopsis fibuligera, whereas Aspergillus oryzae and Rhizopus oryzae, the representative Nuruk fungi, were predominant only in the low fungal density Nuruks (MS2, MS5, and MS11). Saccharification capability of the fungal isolates was assessed by measurement of amylase activity in the culture broth. The highest amylase activity was found in A. niger and A. luchuensis, followed by S. fibuligera. A. oryzae and R. oryzae showed fair amylase activity but significantly lower than those of the three fungal species. R. oryzae was suggested to play an additional role in degradation of ${\beta}$-glucan in crop component of Nuruk since R. oryzae was the only fungus that showed ${\beta}$-glucanase activity among the fungal isolates. To confirm the safety of Nuruk, aflatoxigenicity of the isolated Aspergillus was estimated using the DNA markers norB-cypA, aflR, and omtA. All of the isolates turned out to be non-aflatoxigenic as evidenced by the deletion of gene markers, norB-cypA and aflR, and the absence of aflatoxin in the culture supernatants shown by TLC analysis.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.406-409
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• 2001

The production of fumaric acid in a novel fixed-layer fermenter using Rhizopus oryzae KCTC 6946 was studied. When yeast extract and corn steep liquor were used as nitrogen sources, fumaric acid produced was 6.4 g/L and 6.8 g/L, respectively. Compared with the flask cultivation, fumaric acid concentration was about 200% when yeast extract was used as a nitrogen source, but reached to 93% when corn steep liquor was used.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.201-203
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• 2003

In this study, succinic acid production using fumaric acid fermentation broth was investigated. We tried to produce fumaric aicd from glucose by Rhizopus oryzae and then convert fumaric acid fermentation broth into succinic acid by Enterococcus faecalis RKY1. Conversion ratio of succinic acid was more than 0.90 g/g-fumaric acid. Furthermore, we optimized conditions of conversion from fermentation broth. As a result, when fumaric acid fermentation broth for succinic acid production was employed, we could decrease the amount used of glycerol and yeast extract.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.299.2-299.2
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• 2007