• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze the related to cosmetic studies and to offer the study directions. A journal selected for this study is The Korean Society of Cosmetology only registered on Korea Research Foundation. A total of 493 articles in journal of The Korean Society of Cosmetology were reviewed and analyzed carefully. The results of review and analysis were as follow: The articles of the Korean Society of Cosmetology were classified into varies sections by main subjects, which are Basic Science, Make-up, Hair, Skin, Cosmetic & Hair Product, Beauty History, Beauty Education, Fashion. From the groups of main subjects, it was then classified into secondary subjects. In the result of examined frequencies in main subject of the articles showed highest of 89 in basic science, 84 journals in Beauty Marketing related, 73 in Hair. And from the classified secondary subjects, highest frequencies showed in the study based on second in study based on Cosmetic of 46 and Aesthetician of 41 journals. The research trend in the field of cosmetics showed the quantitative increase of article publication in journals. However, the contents lacked in depth compared to subdivided fields and the target or the method of conduct researches were in disproportion. Therefore, clearness is necessary in definitions of the field of cosmetic study and the standard of division in each fields.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2013

Background Preoperative volume assessment is useful in breast reconstruction. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and mammography are commonly available to reconstructive surgeons in the care of a patient with breast cancer. This study aimed to verify the accuracy of breast volume measured by MRI, and to identify any factor affecting the relationship between measured breast volume and actual breast weight to derive a new model for accurate breast volume estimation. Methods From January 2012 to January 2013, a retrospective review was performed on a total of 101 breasts from 99 patients who had undergone total mastectomy. The mastectomy specimen weight was obtained for each breast. Mammographic and MRI data were used to estimate the volume and density. A standard statistical analysis was performed. Results The mean mastectomy specimen weight was 340.8 g (range, 95 to 795 g). The mean MRI-estimated volume was $322.2mL^3$. When divided into three groups by the "difference percentage value", the underestimated group showed a significantly higher fibroglandular volume, higher percent density, and included significantly more Breast Imaging, Reporting and Data System mammographic density grade 4 breasts than the other groups. We derived a new model considering both fibroglandular tissue volume and fat tissue volume for accurate breast volume estimation. Conclusions MRI-based breast volume assessment showed a significant correlation with actual breast weight; however, in the case of dense breasts, the reconstructive surgeon should note that the mastectomy specimen weight tends to overestimate the volume. We suggested a new model for accurate breast volume assessment considering fibroglandular and fat tissue volume.

• 농촌계획
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.99-111
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• 2018

This study was conducted for the purpose of deriving implications by observing the changing patterns and characteristics of the farmland reduction area in urban vicinity with Gimhae city, Gyeongsangnam-do as the subject. In order to achieve this goal, we first examined the problems and possibilities of farmland reduction area in urban vicinity through a theoretical review. Additionally, the characteristics of land use and community were examined for Gimhae city, Gyeongsangnam-do. The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, for 35 years from 1981 to 2015, Gimhae decreased $50.52km^2$ of farmland, which is about 17.4 times that of Yoido, and about 69.4% of the decreased farmland area. Second, the decrease in agricultural land has been expanding to the whole of Gimhae City from 1990 to 2010, and has been continuing since 2010 around dong-area. Third, in the farmland reduction area in urban vicinity, the number of settlements increases rapidly, but the aging population also increases. Fourth, the composition of the community is getting complicated with the change of the members. Taken together, it is necessary to manage the area efficiently because rapid change is present in the farmland reduction area in urban vicinity. Based on this, the implications are summarized as follows. First, there is a change in land use due to the reduction of farmland not designated as agricultural development region. Therefore, it is necessary to supplement the farmland-conversion standard. Second, despite the fact that land use management has been carried out, there have been problems such as uncontrolled development due to the development pressure beyond institutional management, and therefore it is necessary to improve the structural defects of the pertinent legal system. Fourth, while the traditional farming activities are decreasing with the decrease of agricultural land area, the increase in farms with secondary jobs and the urban-rural interchanges organization's efforts can lead to increased visits from outsiders that seek rural tourism and experiential learning.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.280-291
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• 2020

Objectives: Hazard classification is a controversial issue in the new MSDS system in which chemical companies have to prepare and submit MSDS for chemicals that they manufacture or import to the competent authorities according to the amended Occupational Safety and Health Act. The aim of this study is to suggest how to apply and manage harmonized hazard classification criteria and results by investigating current hazard classification systems and trends. Methods: The domestic issues about different hazard classification criteria and results were investigated by reviewing the literature and business outcomes regarding KOSHA. We also checked official and unofficial reports from the UN to understand international discussion about the topic. Chemical hazard classification results from agencies providing chemical information were analyzed to compare a harmonized rate between classifications. Furthermore, a field survey of a few chemical companies was conducted. Results: Under the related competent authorities, an integrated standard proposal was developed to harmonize the domestic hazard classification criteria. Although harmonized chemical information is strongly needed, we recognized the uncertainty and difficulty of harmonized hazard classification from the UN global list project review. In practice the harmonization rate of the classification was generally low between the classification in KOSHA, MoE, and EU CLP. Among hazard classes, health hazards largely led the disharmony. The field survey revealed a change of perception that the main body of chemical information production is manufacturers. Approaches and solutions about hazard classification issues differed depending on business size, types of chemical handling, and other factors. Conclusions: We proposed reasonable ways by time and step to apply hazard classification in the new MSDS system. Chemical manufacturers should make and offer chemical information including responsible hazard classifications. The government should primarily accept these classifications, evaluate them by priority, and support or supervise workplaces in order to communicate reliable chemical information.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.123-135
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was performed to develop a standard instrument of oriental medical evaluation for dementia. Methods: The advisor committee on this study was organized by 17 neuropsychiatry professors of oriental medical colleges. The items and structure of the instrument were based on review of published literature. We took consultation twice from the advisor committee and we also took additional advices bye-mail. Results: We discriminated between bian-zheng and su-zheng from the answers of the advisor committee. We got the mean weight of each symptom and sign from the answers of the advisor committee. We got the final weight from the combination of the ratio of bian-zheng to the number of all answers of the advisor committee and mean weight. Conclusions : The instrument of oriental medical evaluation for dementia was developed through experts' discussion. If the validity and reliability of this instrument is confirmed through additional clinical trial. the instrument of oriental medical evaluation for dementia is expected to be applied to the subsequent research.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.1071-1077
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• 2008

Hwa-byung is a form of psychogenic illness among people in Korea and is listed as a culture-bound syndrome of Korea in the DSM-IV. Despite increased clinical researches for Hwa-byung in the oriental medicine of Korea, there has been no agreement of pattern identification for Hwa-byung. The purpose of this study is to develop a standard instrument of pattern identification for Hwa-byung which will be applied to clinical research. The items and structure of the instrument were based on review of published literature. The advisor committee on this study was organized by 15 neuropsychiatry professors of 11 oriental medical colleges nationwide. The experts attended 2 consultation meetings and discussed developing the instrument. and we also took professional advices by e-mail. The results were as follows; First, we divided the symptoms and signs of Hwa-byung into five pattern identification - stagnation of liver Qi, flare-up of the liver fire, disharmony between heart and kidney, deficiency of both Qi and blood, malfunction of gallbladder due to phlegm stagnation. Second, we got the mean weights to each symptom of five pattern identification which had been scored on a 5-point scale - ranging from 0 to 4 by the 15 experts. Third, we made out the Korean instrument of the pattern identification for Hwa-byung. It was composed of 34 questions and decided on question-and-answer form. Though there are some limits in this study, the instrument of pattern identification for Hwa-byung is meaningful and expected to be applied to the subsequent research. And also, we hope to improve the instrument and make up for this study through various research and discussion.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.225-228
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• 2011

Background: Conventional treatment (i.e. chest tube insertion and chemical pleurodesis) still remains standard for patients with secondary spontaneous pneumothorax because the risk of surgical bullectomy is deemed high in this subset. However, it has been suggested that surgical treatment using thoracoscopy may expedite postoperative recovery and, thus, may reduce hospital stay. Materials and Methods: Retrospective review of 61 patients with secondary spontaneous pneumothorax, who underwent conventional treatment (n=39) or video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) (n=22) between January 2007 and December 2009, was performed. Talc was used for chemical pleurodesis in both groups. Results: Hospital stay of conventional treatment group and VATS group was $14.2{\pm}14.2$ days (4~58 days) and $10.6{\pm}5.8$ days (5~32 days), respectively, with statistically significant difference (p=0.033). Recurrence rate of conventional treatment group was also significantly higher (12/39, 30%) compared to VATS group (1/22, 4.5%) (p=0.016). Conclusion: In selected patients with secondary spontaneous pneumothorax with continuous air leak or inadequate lung expansion, thoracoscopic surgery with chemical pleurodesis using talc results in shorter hospital stay and lower recurrence rate compared to conventional approach.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2020

Hijab as a symbol of women's oppression due to the opening and reform of Islamic State group, is becoming more diverse as younger generation begins to dress more freely than ever before, spreading the perception that it is a fashion item. In response, this research conducted a theoretical review about the history of hijab, various forms of hijab, and characteristics of hijab using relevant literature, media reports, and fashion media articles. As an empirical study, image-oriented photo data shared by Tehran Street Fashion from 2015 to November 2019 were analyzed separately by fashion majors into color, pattern, and hijab-making forms. According to the analysis, six different fashion images were categorized as romantic feminine, modern chic, natural elegant, classic formal, sporty casual and gorgeous ethnic. For Muslim women in the past, hijab was worn as a repressive and closed sense by the religious system. However, in modern times, it is a way to express one's style and ideas as a fashion item. It is also and a means to express one's thoughts and beliefs. Through aesthetic consideration of Hijab as a fashion item, it was found that it was a medium for freedom of expression and a medium for beauty and individuality.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-32
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• 2016

This research intended to conduct literary research on 'Jeok' of 25 jong-ga through Jong-ga Ancestral Ritual Formalities and Food, published by the Cultural Heritage National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage during 2003~2008, and compared and analyzed an arranging method and recipe transmission process by directly visiting four Jong-ga. Religious ceremony foods of Jong-ga could be divided according to the standard of the hakpa attribute (large), regional attribute (midium), and family attribute (small), which forms a complex connection structure between the attributes. 'Jeok' arranging form is divided into '3-Jeok building method (vertical structure)', '3-Jeok arrangement method (horizontal structure)', '3-Jeok replacement method', '2-Jeok arrangement method', 'Jeon-Jeok arrangement method', and 'Others-Jeok arrangement method'. Generally, 'jeok' arrangement order per hakpa is in the order of 'meat jeok - chicken jeok - fish jeok' in case of Gihohakpa, whereas Yeongnamhakpa is in the order of 'fish jeok - meat jeok - chicken jeok'. Umoringye (羽毛鱗介), the method of laying 'dojeok' of the Gyeongbuk region, could be found in the 2nd century B.C. Chinese ancient book Hoenamja and the theoretical background was Yin and yang philosophy (陰陽論). This research has significance in terms of securing advanced results compared to advanced research that has so far concentrated on some regions and hakpas.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.384-389
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• 2012

Background Numerous procedures are available for nipple reconstruction without a single gold standard. This study presents a method for reducing donor-site morbidity in nipple reconstruction using a composite nipple graft after transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap breast reconstruction. Methods Thirty-five patients who underwent nipple reconstruction using a composite nipple graft technique between July of 2001 and December of 2009 were enrolled in this study. To reduce the donor site morbidity, the superior or superior-medial half dome harvesting technique was applied preserving the lateral cutaneous branch of the fourth intercostal nerves. The patients were asked to complete a previously validated survey to rate the color and projection of both nipples, along with the sensation and contractility of the donor nipple; and whether, in retrospect, they would undergo the procedure again. To compare projection, we performed a retrospective chart review of all the identifiable patients who underwent nipple reconstruction using the modified top hat flap technique by the same surgeon and during the same period. Results Thirty-five patients were identified who underwent nipple reconstruction using a composite nipple graft. Of those, 29 patients (82.9%) responded to the survey. Overall, we received favorable responses to the donor site morbidity. Projection at postoperative 6 months and 1 year was compared with the immediate postoperative results, as well as with the results of nipples reconstructed using the modified top hat flap. Conclusions The technique used to harvest donor tissue is important. Preserving innervation of the nipple while harvesting can reduce donor site morbidity.