• 대한화장품학회지
• /
• 제40권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2014

현재, 기능성 화장품 성분의 피부흡수에 대한 연구 보고가 부족하며, 인체에서의 in vivo 피부 흡수는 거의 보고된 바 없다. 본 연구에서는 in vivo 라만 분광 피부 측정기를 이용하여 대표적 기능성 화장품 8종 성분의 인체 표피 투과 데이터를 수집 및 분석하고, 이를 in vitro 결과와 비교하여 주요 성분의 피부 흡수 자료를 확보하였다. 그리고 본 연구에 사용한 성분의 피부 투과도 측정한 결과를 보면, in vitro 평가에서 ascorbyl-2-glucoside, retinol, retinyl palmitate, 그리고 kojic acid가 우수한 피부 투과율을 보였으며, in vivo 평가에서는 retinol, vitamin C, 그리고 arbutin 이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 반면, In vitro 평가와 in vivo 평가에서 가장 우수한 투과율을 보인 성분은 각각 ascorbyl-2-glucoside와 retinol이었다. 이러한 차이점은 in vitro 평가의 경우 무모생쥐 모델의 피부를 모두 관통하는 물질을 평가하였고, 라만 분광 피부 측정기의 경우는 표피의 각질층을 평가하였으므로 물질의 특성에 따라서 표피 및 진피층의 영향에 민감할 수 있기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 그리고 대부분 물질의 투과 장벽은 각질층이므로 각질층에서 물질 이동을 살펴보는 것이 의미 있다고 생각된다. 결론적으로, 본 연구에서는 라만 분광 피부 측정기를 이용하여 대표적 기능성 화장품 성분의 피부 흡수에 대한 기초적인 자료를 확보하였으며, 따라서 이들 자료는 추후 많은 연구에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.171-187
• /
• 1998

Garlic occupies a special position among the many foods of vegetable origin because it is the sole food for Koreans during the their lives. And vitamin A has been ingested by forms of food or additives. Cadmium has been described as one of the most dangerous trace elements in the food and environment of man and livestocks. Since the de novo synthesis of stress proteins can be detected early after exposure to some agents, analysis of cadmium-induced changes in gene expression , ie. alterations in patterns of protein synthesis, may be useful to develop as biomarkers of exposure and damage for food hygiene. He acute and chronic combine effects of cadmium (Cd, CdCl2 20mg/kg), garlic oil(Dds: diallyl disulfide 50mg/kg, 3 times a week) and vitamin A(Ra: retinol acetate 50,000 IU/kg, 3 times a week) on Wistar male rats were evaluated concerning cadmium contents, tissues enzyme activity, HSP expression histopathological and electron microscopical examinations. The results of the study are as follows ; 1. Less cadmium was absorbed through the digestive tracts, but the ratio of contents in tissue were not changed by the simultaneous adminstration of diallyl disufide or retinol acetate. 2. ALT(alanine aminotransferase) , AST(aspartate aminotransferase), glucose, BUN (blood urea nitrogen), creatinine, the key indices of the clinical changes in hepatic and renal function were significantly hanged by the cadmium treatment after 1 week in liver, after 4 weeks in kidney. 3. Histopathological changes in cadmium treated rats were appeared at 8 weeks age treatment in kidneys. Homogenous eosinophilic material was accumulated in cortical and collecting tubular lumens at 16 weeks. Degenerated or necrotized tubular cells were observed in cortex and medulla. Degenerated seminiferous tubules and homogeneous eosinophilic material was seen in interstitial tissue of rat treated with cadmium for 16 weeks. Calcium deposits were seen in degenerated seminiferous tubules and the tubules showed severe calcification of rat treated with cadmium for 16 weeks. Electron microscope changes in kidney were observed in rats treated with CdCl2 20 mg/kg. Proximal convoluted tubule cells showed selling of cytoplasm and narrow lumen. Capillary endothelial cells showed cytoplasmic vacuoles and swelling. Degenerated epithelial cells were accumulated in tubular lumen of kidney. 4. Enhanced synthesis of 70 KDa relateve molecular mass proteins were detected in 2 hours after cadmium, exposure, with maximum activity occurring at 8~48 hours. Induction of HSP 70 was evident at proximal tubules and glomeruli in kidney. Testicular cells produced enough HSP to be detected normally. From the above results, it could be concluded that HSP70 induction by the cadmium treatment was a rapid reaction to indicated the exposure of xenobiotics, and retinol acetate reduced the cadmium induced nephrotoxicity.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.177-184
• /
• 2006

레티놀 결합 단백질(retinol-binding protein, RBP)은 고등 척추동물에서 혈류를 통해 특이적으로 레티놀을 표적세포에 운반해 주는 중요한 역할을 한다. 우리나라의 연안에 서식하고 있으며 산업적으로 중요한 조피볼락(Sebastes schlegeli)을 대상으로 4-nonylphenol(NP)가 RBP mRNA 발현에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 간으로부터 cDNA library를 제작하고 RBP 단편의 염기서열을 분석하였다. 분석된 RBP mRNA 서열로부터 아미노산 서열을 추정하여 다른 종의 RBP 아미노산 서열과 비교한 결과 Sparus aurata와는 80%, 무지개 송어(Oncorhynchus mykiss)와는 72%, 유럽 뱀장어(Anguilla anguilla)와는 78%의 높은 상동성을 보였다. 조피볼락에서 4-NP에 대한 RBP와 VTG mRNAs 발현에 미치는 영향을 northern blot 분석 방법에 의해 조사하였다. 4-NP를 10 mg/kg BW로 주사한 실험구에서는 암수 모두 VTG mRNA 발현에 영향을 주지 않았으나, RBP mRNA 발현은 수컷에서 48시간 후에 감소하였다. 4-NP를 25 mg/kg BW으로 주사한 실험구에서는 24시간 후에 암수 모두 VTG mRNA 발현이 증가하였으며, RBP mRNA 발현은 48시간 후에 암수 모두 감소하였다. 이들 결과로부터 조피볼락에서는 4-NP 등의 에스트로겐 유사물질이 RBP와 VTG 유전자 발현에 상반되는 효과를 유도함을 알 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제27권8호
• /
• pp.1075-1081
• /
• 2014

CRBP1 (cellular retinol binding protein 1) and CRBP3 (cellular retinol binding protein 3), are important components of the retinoid signaling pathway and take part in vitamin A absorption, transport and metabolism. Based on the role of vitamin A in chicken laying performance, we investigated the polymorphism of CRBP1 and CRBP3 genes in 349 chickens using single strand conformation polymorphism and DNA sequencing methods. Only one polymorphism was identified in the third intron of CRBP1, two polymorphisms were detected in CRBP3; they were located in the second intron and the third intron respectively. The association studies between these three SNPs and laying performance traits were performed in Erlang mountainous chicken. Notably, the SNP g.14604G>T of CRBP1 was shown to be significantly associated with body weight at first egg (BWFE), age at first egg (AFE), weight at first egg (WFE) and total number of eggs with 300 age (EN). The CRBP3 polymorphism g.934C>G was associated with AFE, and the g.1324A>G was associated with AFE and BWFE, but none of these polymorphisms were associated with egg quality traits. Haplotype combinations constructed on these two SNPs of CRBP3 gene were associated with BWFE and AFE. In particular, diplotype H2H2 had positive effect on AFE, BWFE, EN, and average egg-laying interval. We herein describe for the first time basic research on the polymorphism of chicken CRBP1 and CRBP3 genes that is predictive of genetic potential for laying performance in chicken.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.460-467
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study was to diagnose nutritional status of vitamin A in female university students. Total of 59 female students in Korea National University of Education, Home Economics Education department were recruited for this study. Retinol and :t major carotenoids in serum($\beta$-carotene, u-carotene, lycopene and lutein) were analyzed by HPLC. The isocratic separation was performed in a $\mu$ Bondapak$^{TM}$ $C_{18}$ stainless steel column with a solvent system of acetonitrile : methanol=85:15. The results of analysis were as follows: The average retinol concentration of 59 female students was 25.9$\mu\textrm{g}$/100$m\ell$. According to biochemical criteria for the assessment of vitamin A status, 18 of them belong to well-nourished and 6 students belong to adequate status. On the other hand, 8 students, 3 freshmen and 5 sophomore, were in critical vitamin A status. Retinol concentrations of junior and senior students were higher than those of freshmen and sophomore (P＜0.001). The average concentrations of serum $\beta$-carotene, lycopene, and lutein were 1.9, 5.4, and 41.4$\mu\textrm{g}$/100$m\ell$, respectively. Serum $\beta$-carotene concentration of senior was significant. higher than those of freshman, sophomore and junior(p＜0.001). Lycopene concentration of freshman was significant. lower than those of the other grades and that of senior was sig, higher than those of the other grades(p＜0.05). Lutein concentrations of junior and senior were significant. higher than those of freshman and sophomore(p＜0.001). The serum $\alpha$-carotene concentrations of the students were too low to analyze.e.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.1083-1089
• /
• 2000

본 연구는 에탄올의 급여수준과 금주 후 회복이 체내항산화비타민 상태에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 평균 체중이 200g인 Dprague-dawley 종 숫쥐 50마리를 사용하여 혈장 및 간조직의 비타민 A 및 E 의 함량을 비교.분석하였다. 실험식이라는 에탄올 액체식이형태로 만들어 공급하였으며, 이때 식이는 mL당 1 kacal의 열량을 공급할 수 있도록 조제하였다. 각 실험군의 식이구성은 에탄올을 첨가하는 대신 dextrin-maltose를 급여한 C군, 전체 칼로리의 10%를 에탄올로 첨가하는 LE 군 , 20%를 첨가하는 ME 군, 30%를 첨가하는 HE군 , 30%의 에탄올을 5주간 공급한 후 다시 2주간 정상식이를 급여한 회복군(HR)으로 설정하여 실험식이를 공급하였다. 혈자에서의 retinol 함량은 에탄올 급여수준에 따른 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 간조직 중의 retinol 함량은 20% 이상의 에탄올 군에서 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 감소되었고, 30% 에탄올군인 HE 군에서는 현저하게 저하되었다. 30% 에탄올 급여후 2주간 정상식이를 회복시킨 군에서도 간조직의 retinol의 함량은 그대로 저하된 상태를 유지하였다. 간조직의 retinyl palmitate 함량은 에탄올 급여수준이 높을수록 감소되는 경향이었으며, 30% 에탄올군에서는 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 감소되었다. 회복군의 경우에도 이러한 저하현상은 더욱 심화되었다. 혈장의 $\alpha$-tocopherol 함량은 에탄올 급여량에 따라 별다른 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 간조직에서 10% 에탄올군에서도 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 감소되었으며, 에탄올 급여수준이 증가될수록 현저하게 저하되었다. 그러나 회복군에서는 $\alpha$-tocopherol의 함량이 10% 에탄올군의 수준까지 회복되었다. 이상의 결과에서와 같이 만성적인 에탄올의 섭취는 대체로 열량의 20% 이상을 에탄올로 급여하였을대 섭취수준이 증가함에 따라 흰쥐의 간조직에서 비타민 A와 $\alpha$-tocopherol으 lgkafid이 저하되었다. 이는 에탄올의 섭취를 중단하고 정상식이를 일정기간 급여하여도 특히 비타민 A 함량은 회복되지 않는 경향을 보여 만성적인 에탄올 섭취자들에게 비타민 A영양상태의 문제를 예방할 수 있는 방안이 강구되어야 함을 나타낸다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.293-299
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine height, weight. chest circumference, sitting height, hematological status. eating behaviors and nutrient intakes for the lower grade primary school children in Gwangju. The subjects consisted of 76 boys and 60 girls aged 9 years old. Height, Weight, Chest circumference, Sitting height, Hct, WBC, RBC, Hb, serum GOT, GPT and cholesterol were measured. With regard to regularity of meal time, 66.7% of the subjects has been 'regular'. With regaled to amount of eaten food, 100.0% of the subjects has been 'moderate'. With regard to nutritional balance, 66.6% of the subjects has been 'think,but do not practice'. The study also found that 100.0% of the subjects skipped breakfast, liked korean food. Their dietary intake vase assesed for 1 day by means of 24 hours dietary recall method. The mean energy intake of the subjects was 1,306 kcal. The subjects consumed 47.9g protein, 28.8g lipid, 3.9g fiber, 446.9mg calcium, 835.0mg phosphorous, 7.9mg iron, 3,721mg sodium, 1.863mg potassium, 362.3RE retinol, 0.8mg thiamin, 1.1mg riboflavin, 10.8NE niacin, 93.9mg ascorbic acrid and 173.5mg cholesterol respectively. Energy, protein, calcium, iron, retinol, thiamin, riboflavin and niacin intake was lower than the Korean RDA. There were positive correlations between meal time and protein intake or fat intake or fiber intake or iron intake or retinol intake : negative correlations between meal time and sodium intake negative correlations between saltiness and cholesterol intake positive correlations between use of perilla seeds and riboflavin intake or niacin intake : negative correlations between energy intake or carbohydrate intake or phosphorous intake : negative correlations between frequency of eating-out and protein intake or fat intake or fiber intake or iron intake or retinol intake or thiamin intake or riboflavin intake or niacin intake.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 1990

This study was carried out to observe the effects of dietary sources of vitamin A and Zn levels on Zn and vitamin A distribution in rats fed excess vitamin A diet. In this study, 40 weanling male rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain, weighing 40-50g, were chosen and divided into for groups by dietary Zn levels and the sources of vitamin A. The two levels of dietary Zn were supplied: adequate Zn(30mg Zn/Kg diet), low Zn(3mg Zn/Kg diet). Excess vitamin A level was 100 times of RDA, retional and $\beta$-carotene were used as the sources of vitamin A. Vitamin A concentration of plasma and liver were significantly higher in rats fed retional than in rats fed $\beta$-carotene (p<0.05), but these were not affected by dietary Zn levels. Vitamin A accumulationin the liver appeared to be servere in rats fed retinol and low Zn diet. Zn levels of plasma and liver were not affected by the sources of vitamin A whereas Zn levels of kidney were slightly lower in retinol group, and Zn levels of tests were found to be significantly lower in rats fed retinol and low Zn diet. Fragility of erythrocytes in hypotonic saline soultion was greater in low Zn groups, whereas the lower fragility was found in adequate Zn groups in feeding excess vitamin A diet. Thus, these results suggest that an adequate Zn intake is preferable when excess vitamin A is taken, and $\beta$-carotene intake is more beneficial than retinol in order to diminish toxic effects of vitamin A.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.158-166
• /
• 2000

The effects of smoking and physical exercise on the plasma concentrations of lipid-soluble antioxidants were investigated in 62 healthy males, aged 34-65 years. Current smokers (n=21) and ex-smokers(n=16) had significantly lower plasma levels of carotenoids ($\alpha$-carotene, $\beta$-carotene, cryptoxanthin and lycopene), $\alpha$-tocopherol and ${\gamma}$-tocopherol than non-smokers (n=25). Plasma concentrations of retionl and ubiquinone (coenzyme Q10) were lower among ex-smokers and current smokers than among non-smokers, but the differences were not statistically significant. Regular physical exercise was associated with increased plasma levels of lipid-soluble antioxidants. Plasma concentrations of crytoxanthin, retinol and ubiquinone were significantly elevated in the group engaging in moderate amounts of exercise (more than 20 minutes per day) compared to the group engaging in small amounts of exercise (less than 10 minutes per day). Plasma $\alpha$-carotene, $\beta$-carotene, lycopene levels in the subjects were affected more by smoking than by exercise. However, plasma levels of cryptoxanthin, retinol and ubiquinone in the subjects were affected more by exercise than by smoking. These findings suggest than smoking may cause a decrease in plasma lipid-soluble antioxidants during neutralization of reactive oxygen species present in cigarette smoke and that poor exercise habits may accelerate this imbalance of oxidant/antioxidant homeostasis in middle-aged Korean men.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.57-61
• /
• 1999

It has been postulated that oxidative stress may be increased and antioxidant defenses reduced in diabetes patients. Twenty-four patients with type 1 diabetes melitus (DM) (12.8$\pm$1.7 years) and 24 nondiabetics (12.5$\pm$2.1 years) were included in this study. Serum total cholesterol and LDL -cholesterol levels were significantly higher in diabetic than in nondiabetic control subjects, but serum levels of triglyceride , retinol , tocopherol, and $\beta$-carotene were significantly lower. Both $\beta$carotene and tocopherol levels inversely correlated with HbAlc, suggesting perhaps that low serum antioxidant level enhance theglycosylation of hemoglobin. Subjects with type 1 DM had lipid peroxide levels similar to those of nondiabetics control subjects, suggesting that per-oxdation of circulating lipid is not increased in uncomplicated diabeteics. The correlation between antioxidants and serum lipids were as follows ; retinol and LDL (r--0.36, p=0.019) ; retinol and total cholesterol(r=-0.35, p=0.020), tocopherol and LDL(r=-0.47, p=0.002) ; tocopherol and cholesterol (r=-0.49, p=0.001) ; $\beta$-carotene and LDL (r=-0.51, p=0.001). Overall , the results of this study were that serum lipid peroxide in patients with type 1 DM was similar to those of control subjects and antioxidants such as retinol, tocopherol and $\beta$-carotene were lower than those of nondiabetic cotnrol subjects, and negatively correlated with serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol.