• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.725-732
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• 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ethanol on the prolongation of the shelf-life of kimchi paste. Kimchi paste was prepared by adding 0.5~3.0% ethanol, and then stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 35 days. The retardation of kimchi paste fermentation was evaluated by measuring chemical, microbial, and sensory characteristics. Titratable acidity and pH showed a slight difference, depending on the ethanol concentration. The titratable acidity showed the low content in kimchi paste with 3.0% ethanol during fermentation, whereas the pH showed a reverse tendency, indicating that fermentation was inhibited under a high ethanol concentration. The changes in the sugar-reduced contents were similar to that of the pH. The growth of microorganisms such as total aerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts and molds in kimchi paste during fermentation were inhibited by ethanol, and the addition of 3.0% ethanol was most effective to inhibit the microbial growth. The number of coliform bacteria was decreased during fermentation of kimchi paste and not detected in any sample at 35 days, except for kimchi paste with 3.0% ethanol. In sensory evaluation, the addition of 0.5~1.5% ethanol in kimchi paste was showed no significant difference on sensory properties compared to the kimchi paste without ethanol (p<0.05). As a result, it is considered that the addition of 1.5% ethanol is the most appropriate to maintain the quality of kimchi paste, without the changing the flavor.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.681-687
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• 2011

Bioorgan transgenic cloned mini pig has a problem of growth retardation in uterus during end of pregnancy so that survival rate is very low in newborn piglet. In order to support their life after birth, cesarean section of fetus with sufficient growth in uterus was tested in this study. First of all, fetus growth measured using a ultrasound scanner during pregnancy in transgenic mini pig, comparing normal pig. After 113 days for delivering, fetus was removed out of uterus. Fetus growth for normal pig was 1.8 cm at 4weeks and 14.4 cm at end of pregnancy (15 weeks). At 113 days, fetus growth was $15.9{\pm}4$ cm in ultrasound scanner and real growth measurement from fetus removal out of uterus was $16.0{\pm}2$ cm. It is very a similar result between measurement of ultrasound scanner and real measurement. Therefore, using ultrasound scanner for measuring fetus growth will be useful to predict fetus growth in uterus.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.185-192
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• 2007

The present experiment was carried out to study the effects of light intensity on growth, survival, caudal fin shape, body composition, skin color and blood component of river puffer, Takifugu obscurus. Four light intensities (0, 500, 1,000, 2,000 lx) were tested in duplicates for 60 days. Specific growth rate (SGR), daily feeding rate (FR) and food coefficient (FC) were reduced following to the decrease of light intensity. However in survival rate there was not significantly different among groups. The damage extent of caudal fin was increased in more strong light intensity. In body composition, moisture and crude protein were only significantly difference according to light intensity. In body color, L and a were the highest in 0 lx. In blood analysis, the content of AST, ALT, GLU significantly increased in more powerful the intensity groups. It is concluded that the supplement of low light intensity (e.g. 0 lx) recommended for the commercial scale aquaculture of river puffer in land-based tank without growth and survival retardation.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.161-169
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• 1992

Studies were conducted to examine the effects of single or combined treatment of uniconazole [(E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4, 4-dimethyl 2(1, 2,-4-triazol-1-yl)-1-penten-3-ol)] and silver thiosulfate (STS) on reducing ozone injury to snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. 'Strike'). Two weeks after seeding, plants were given a soil drench of uniconazole(XE-1019) solution at concentrations of 0.001, 0.005 and 0.025 mg/pot, and then two days prior to ozone fumigation, 0.3 and 0.6 mM STS containing 0.01% Tween-20 were also sprayed. Uniconazole was effective in providing protection against ozone injury through increase activities of free radical scavengers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) as well as the increase of chlorophyll content and stomatal resistance resulted from plant growth retardation. The phytoprotective effects of STS seemed to be related to its properly of blocking the ethylene action and increasing activities of SOD and POD. Even at low concentrations, a combined treatment with uniconazole drench, STS spray significantly reduced ozone injury compared to single application.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.182-193
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• 2006

The retardation effects of a new polymeric UV stabilizer, DGEBA-HALS, on the UV degradation of SBR and NR were investigated in this study. The UV degradation behaviors of three different rubber compounds, without any photostabilizer and with commercial Cyabsorb UV-3529 and DGEBA-HALS, were compared. Also, the physical characteristics such as Young's modulus, tensile strength, blow-off deformation and crosslink density were examined. The Young's modulus was increased by UV irradiation for all samples, and the tensile strength, after UV irradiation, of the compound with UV stabilizer was better than that of the compound without stabilizer. Especially, the tensile strength of UV irradiated NR was improved by adding DGEBA-HALS. The results of blow-off deformation were in accord with those of Young's modulus. The degree of transmission of SBR compounds obtained from UV-vis transmission spectra was improved about 4% by adding the UV stabilizer. Commercial Cyabsorb UJV-3529 and DGEBA-HALS showed similar trends of transmission. The SEM photographs of SBR surface showed that the size of cracks created by UV irradiation became smaller by adding UV stabilizer. In particular, it is observed that the stabilization effect of DGEBA-HALS was better than that of commercial Cyabsorb UV-3529.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2018

The evolutionally conserved TREX complex member, Yra1/ALY, belongs to the REF (RNA and export factor binding proteins) family of hnRNP-like proteins, which has been implicated in multiple processes including transcription, nuclear RNA stability, and mRNA export. Fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, genome encodes two members of REF proteins. In addition to Mlo3 known previously as an mRNA export factor, there is the other REF protein, Tho4, which is predicted as a component of THO complex. Here we showed that deletion of tho4 (SPBC106.12c) gene does not inhibit both growth and nuclear mRNA export. However, overexpression of tho4 displays growth retardation and slight accumulation of $poly(A)^+$ RNA in the nucleus. Neither ${\Delta}tho4$ ${\Delta}mlo3$ nor ${\Delta}tho4$ ${\Delta}mex67$ double mutants exhibit additive growth defect. Moreover, yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation analysis did not show that the Tho4 protein interacted with any members of TREX complex and mRNA export factor Rae1. Contrary to expectation, these observations support that the S. pombe Tho4 is not a component of TREX complex, and not directly involved in bulk mRNA export from the nucleus.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1213-1221
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• 1997

Effects of the addition of three commercial oligosaccharide syrups into a Korean rice cake (Karedduk) on the textural characteristics and retrogradation of the rice cake were examined during the storage for 5 days at $25^{\circ}C$ and $4^{\circ}C$. Each syrups contained maltose (M75), isomaltose and panose (HL), or maltotetraose (G4) as major sugars. The increment (rates) in gumminess, hardness and chewiness during the storage were significantly reduced by replacing rice flour (up to 10%) with the oligosaccharides. The retardation in the textural changes by the oilgosaccharides was more significant when the rice cake was stored at $25^{\circ}C$ than at $4^{\circ}C$. Among the three types, HL exhibited most effective in retarding the textural changes. Thermograms by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) showed that the oligosaccharide increased the onset temperatures and enthalpy for the starch melting, but the recrystallinity measured from the enthalpy ratio before and after the storage was significantly reduced by the presence of the oligosaccharide. Especially with 5% HL, the recrystallinity was significantly low (72.7%) compared to rice cake without HL (88.1%). Therefore, HL had great efficiency in retarding starch retrogradation as well as textural changes of the rice cake during the storage.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.11-23
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• 2020

This study aims to investigate breakage and liberation characteristics of iron ore from Shinyemi mine, Jeongseon by ball mill. Parameters of breakage functions for three grade samples of iron ore were obtained using single-sized-feed breakage test and back-calculation based on nonlinear programming. The results showed that with the increase in the grade of iron ore, the breakage rate factor decrease whereas the particle size sensitivity decreases. This results from retardation of microcrack-propagation by magnetite grain in the ore. Breakage distribution analysis showed that the breakage mechanism appear to be impact fracture dominant with the increase of grade owing to the stress distribution effect by magnetite grain. Degree of liberation (DOL) increased with the increase in grade and decrease in particle size, respectively. Using the breakage function and size-DOL relationship, a model that can predict time-dependent-DOL is established. When scale-up factors from operating condition are available, the model is expected to be capable of predicting size and DOL with time in actual mining process.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.176-188
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• 1995

A particle tracking scheme was developed in order to model radionuclide transport through a tortuous flow Held in a rock fracture. The particle tacking method may be used effectively in a heterogeneous flow field such as rock fracture. The parallel plate representation of the single fracture fails to recognize the spatial heterogeneity in the fracture aperture and thus seems inadequate in describing fluid movement through a real fracture. The heterogeneous flow field une modeled by a variable aperture channel model after characterizing aperture distribution by a hydraulic test. To support the validation of radionuclide transport models, a radionuclide migration experiment was performed in a natural fracture of granite. $^3$$H_2O$ and $^{131}$ I are used as tracers. Simulated results were in agreement with experimental result and therefore support the validity of the transport model. Residence time distributions display multipeak curves caused by the fast arrival of solutes traveling along preferential fracture channels and by the much slower arrival of solutes following tortous routes through the fracture. Results from the modelling of the transport of nonsorbing tracer through the fracture show that diffusion into the interconnected pore space in the rock mass has a significant effect on retardation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 1984

The suitable paddy soil for application of rice straw under well to moderately well drained soil, the yield and yield components were pronounced more than poorly drained soil. Based on laboratory experiment, application of rice straw promoted the decrease of oxidation-reduction potential in well to moderately well drained soil. This results seems to be enhanced the release of some mineral nutrients such as calcium, potassium, silicon, and increases of availability of soil phosphorus. This explains reason why soil condition became more favorable for the increases of mineral nutrient in rice plant. On the contrary, poorly drained soils, became readily reduced even without application or rice straw, when soil wat submerged. Application of rice straw did not promoted the decrease of oxidation-reduction potential as much as in well drained soil. It was suggested that in this type of soil series, the release of mineral nutrients and the additional increase of available soil phosphorus did not proceed well. It was also suggested that the retardation of root development owing to accumulation of toxic substances such as organic acid, hydrogen sulfide or some other reducing substances formed by the application of rice straw in poorly drained soil series might be considered. In fact, the effect of rice straw on the yield of brown rice became lower.