• Title/Summary/Keyword: retaining wall

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Teaching learning-based optimization for design of cantilever retaining walls

  • Temur, Rasim;Bekdas, Gebrail
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • v.57 no.4
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    • pp.763-783
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    • 2016
  • A methodology based on Teaching Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) algorithm is proposed for optimum design of reinforced concrete retaining walls. The objective function is to minimize total material cost including concrete and steel per unit length of the retaining walls. The requirements of the American Concrete Institute (ACI 318-05-Building code requirements for structural concrete) are considered for reinforced concrete (RC) design. During the optimization process, totally twenty-nine design constraints composed from stability, flexural moment capacity, shear strength capacity and RC design requirements such as minimum and maximum reinforcement ratio, development length of reinforcement are checked. Comparing to other nature-inspired algorithm, TLBO is a simple algorithm without parameters entered by users and self-adjusting ranges without intervention of users. In numerical examples, a retaining wall taken from the documented researches is optimized and the several effects (backfill slope angle, internal friction angle of retaining soil and surcharge load) on the optimum results are also investigated in the study. As a conclusion, TLBO based methods are feasible.

Case Study on the Design of Earth Retaining and Retention Wall Using Pre-casted Concreted Pile(PHC) (기성콘크리트말뚝(PHC)을 이용한 옹벽겸용 흙막이설계사례)

  • Han, Jung-Geun;Cho, Young-Ryang;Kim, Sang-Kwi;Park, Sang-Cheol;Eo, Yun-Won
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.33-42
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    • 2005
  • The bearing methods using pile of steel itself or reinforced concrete has been applying which in excavated depth was not deep. Also, the retaining wall as resisting structure to lateral force has taken weakness that the cure periods of concreted is long. Recently, with the material cost of steel, the application of cement is more increasing trend. In this study, the design methods of earth retaining and retention wall within the pre-casted concrete pile, PHC(Pretentioned spun High strength Concrete piles), was proposed which in the ground condition of excavated depth was not deep. The typical ground conditions, cohesive and non-cohesive soil, was considered as follows; soil strength as internal friction angle and UU(Undrained Unconsolidation triaxial test) strength, soil reaction and stabilization of structures. The application of design methods could be confirmed through the comparing and analyzing between measured data and utility software for the design.

Site Monitoring of the Retaining Wall Reinforced by Geogrids with Block Type Facings (지오그리드 보강토 옹벽의 계측평가)

  • Kim, Jin-Man;Lee, Dae-Young;Ma, Sang-Joon
    • Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.106-114
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    • 2006
  • Uses of geosynthetics as a reinforcing material for earth structures have ever increased due to their excellent economy. fine external appearance. and easy construction. In the current practice of geosynthetics. however, the lacks of the standardized method of evaluating the soil/geosynthetics friction properties and the inconsistency of conventional design methods develop confusion to the civil engineers. The purpose of site monitoring of the retaining wall reinforced by geogrids was to evaluate the applicability of existing design methods to, and performance of. CHAMSTONE wall system. Full scale field performance during and after construction was monitored by incorporating instrumentation including strain gauges on the geogrid and soil pressure cells. The difference of the reinforcing effects of geosynthetics embedded in the soil will be also investigated by comparing of the line and curve types of retaining wall reinforced by geogrids with block type facings.

An approach of seismic design for sheet pile retaining wall based on capacity spectrum method

  • Qu, Honglue;Li, Ruifeng;Hu, Huanguo;Jia, Hongyu;Zhang, Jianjing
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.309-323
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    • 2016
  • As the forefront of structural design method, capacity spectrum method can be applied conveniently, and through this method, deformation demand of structure can be considered. However, there is no research for the seismic application in the structure of sheet pile retaining wall to report. Therefore, focusing on laterally loaded stabilizing sheet pile wall, which belongs to flexible cantilever retaining structure and meets the applying requirement of capacity spectrum method from seismic design of building structure, this paper studied an approach of seismic design of sheet pile wall based on capacity spectrum method. In the procedure, the interaction between soil and structure was simplified, and through Pushover analysis, seismic fortification standard was well associated with performance of retaining structure. In addition, by comparing the result of nonlinear time history analysis, it suggests that this approach is applicable.

Strain measurement of optical fiber embedded in the reinfoned retaining wall used in the railway (광섬유가 삽입된 철도용 보강토 옹벽의 초기 변형을 측정)

  • Yoon, Hyuk-Jin;Song, Kwang-Yong;Kim, Dae-Sang;Kim, Ki-Hwan;Kim, Jung-Seok;Kwon, Tae-Soo;Na, Hee-Seung
    • Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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    • 2009.05a
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    • pp.1509-1513
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    • 2009
  • The research of applying reinforced retaining wall due to support the land pressure that given from train's load has been accomplished actively in domestic area. After the retaining wall has been installed, the collapse or partial destruction that generated by effect of train's vibration and repetitive load of train may be induced. Accordingly in the period of using this, the sufficient durability should be guaranteed and years of durability are one hundred and as these are longer than road structure's, the technique that introduced to wall and monitor the long-term strain is necessary. In this paper, the optical fibre is induced vertically to the reinforced retaining wall and after the subsistence of optical fibre is confirmed, the early strain that applied to optical fibre after insertion is monitored. Before and after the concrete placing, damage feasibility of optical fibre is measured by using OTDR(Optical Time Domain Reflectometer) and after concrete is cultivated, the early strain induced to optical fibre is measured by application of BOCDA (Brillouin Correlation Domain Analysis) system.

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Field Measurements of Compaction-Induced Lateral Earth Pressure on a Reversed-T Type Retaining Wall (역 T형 옹벽에 뒤채움다짐으로 유발된 횡토압의 현장계측)

  • Jeong, Seong-Gyo;Lee, Man-Ryeol;Jeong, Jin-Gyo
    • Geotechnical Engineering
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.5-18
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    • 1995
  • A Compaction-induced lateral earth pressure was measured for a reversed-T type retaining wall of 4m high for three months. As a result of in-situ measurements, the lateral earth pressure fluctuated sharply with time after backfill, which was closely dependent upon the displacement of the retaining wall. The measured results showed big discrepancy with theoretical predictions made by existing theories, which are applicable to rigid wall. However, the in -situ data twas compared relatively well with those obtained by the finite element method. Analysis showed that the discrepancy may be caused by the displacement of the retaining wall during the compaction of the backfill.

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Behavior Analysis Using FEM for Earth Retaining Wall of Soft Rock Fracture Zone (FEM을 이용한 연암 파쇄대 지반의 흙막이 벽체 거동 분석)

  • Jang, Gi-Soo;Park, Min-Chul;Shin, Hyo-Hee;Lee, Song
    • Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.30-37
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    • 2013
  • A soft rock fracture zone is an important element for rock slope or earth retaining, however stability studies of earth retaining wall have been lack. Therefore, this study is analyzed for a behavior of earth retaining wall with condition of fracture zone or no fracture zone and then a numerical analysis (Finite Element Method) was performed considering interaction with field monitoring data between ground and structures. As a result, applied horizontal displacement on retaining wall is correspond between result of numerical analysis and field monitoring data and displacement point stress distribution with fracture zone condition analyzed to be stable side but no fracture zone condition is expressed to be unstable side. The results of this study is purpose for applying safety construction as a top priority at field when designing for future.

Development of an Ensemble Prediction Model for Lateral Deformation of Retaining Wall Under Construction (시공 중 흙막이 벽체 수평변위 예측을 위한 앙상블 모델 개발)

  • Seo, Seunghwan;Chung, Moonkyung
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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    • v.39 no.4
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    • pp.5-17
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    • 2023
  • The advancement in large-scale underground excavation in urban areas necessitates monitoring and predicting technologies that can pre-emptively mitigate risk factors at construction sites. Traditionally, two methods predict the deformation of retaining walls induced by excavation: empirical and numerical analysis. Recent progress in artificial intelligence technology has led to the development of a predictive model using machine learning techniques. This study developed a model for predicting the deformation of a retaining wall under construction using a boosting-based algorithm and an ensemble model with outstanding predictive power and efficiency. A database was established using the data from the design-construction-maintenance process of the underground retaining wall project in a manifold manner. Based on these data, a learning model was created, and the performance was evaluated. The boosting and ensemble models demonstrated that wall deformation could be accurately predicted. In addition, it was confirmed that prediction results with the characteristics of the actual construction process can be presented using data collected from ground measurements. The predictive model developed in this study is expected to be used to evaluate and monitor the stability of retaining walls under construction.

Comparison of Displacement of the Braced Retaining Wall by Developed Elasto-Plastic Analysis (개선된 탄소성 해석을 이용한 버팀지지 흙막이벽의 거동비교)

  • Shin, Jin-Whan;Kim, Dong-Shin
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.112-118
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    • 2004
  • Recently, when being constructed the large structures, the deep excavations have performed to utilize the underground space. As the ground excavation is deeper, the damage of the adjacent structure and the ground is frequently occurred. the Analysis of the retaining structures is necessary to safety of the excavation works. There are many methods such as elasto-plastic theory, FEM, and FDM to analyze the displacement of the retaining structure. In this thesis, GEBA-1 program by the Nakamura-Nakajawa elasto-plastic method was developed. The lateral displacement of the wall was analyzed by the developed program GEBA-1, SUNEX, and EXCAD, and compared with the measured displacement bye the Inclinometer. The monitored fields were three excavation work site in S-I, S-II, and S-III area. Excavation method of each site is braced retaining wall using H-pile. Excavation depth is 14m, 14m, and 8.2m.

The Shear Behavior of Composite Material for Retaining Wall (옹벽구조물용 복합재료의 전단거동 특성)

  • Oh, Gi-Dae;Kim, Kyung-Yul;Kim, Dae-Hong
    • Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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    • 2008.03a
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    • pp.1359-1364
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    • 2008
  • In these days, the composite material is popular as a material of Retaining wall because of the advantages of economy and construction. In general, retaining wall is not estimated for the stability of structure, but some of retaining walls that are composed of composite materials became thin because of the highly dense materials. So the concern of shear failure for the structure is rising. Because standard test criterion and large scale tests equipment are rarely available, few studies are performed. So, in this study, we performed large scale direct shear tests for various confining stresses(147, 294, 441 kPa), and estimate shear behavior of composite material by the relation of shear stress - displacement and vertical - shear displacement.

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