• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.94-100
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• 1995

Vector autoregressive process disturbed by measurement error is a vector autoregressive process with nonlineat parametric restrictions on the parameter. A Newton-Raphson procedure for estimating the parameter which take advantage of the information contained in the restrictions is proposed.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.119-134
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• 2019

This study focuses on a recent WTO SPS dispute related to Korea Import Bans and Testing and Certification Requirements for Radionuclides (DS495) in order to learn from the case and take proactive measures to prevent potential import restrictions by Japan on Korean seafood. Korean-Radionuclides (Japan) emphasizes the importance of sufficient scientific evidence, especially scientific information from relevant international organizations, in an effort to take preventive measures towards Japan's restrictions on Korean seafood imports. Japan claims that a novel parasite, Kudoa septempuctata, in Korean flatfish causes food poisoning. As food poisoning is a serious concern, there is a low possibility that Japan's enhanced monitoring measures would be more trade restrictive than required as prescribed in Article 5.6 of the WTO SPS Agreement. In addition, Korea is the biggest exporter of olive flounder to Japan. Hence, the possibility that similar conditions could be established is low in relation to non-discriminatory principles under the WTO SPS Agreement. Accordingly, we should collect relevant scientific evidence, improve domestic sanitary management of fishery products, and seek export diversification so that we prepare for potential import restrictions by Japan and minimize implications.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.149-160
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• 2022

The article considers the peculiarities of developing a marketing strategy for the adaptation of small businesses to quarantine restrictions in the field of commercial entrepreneurship. The importance of reformatting the existing marketing strategy in connection with the change of key conditions of trade activity with the introduction of quarantine restrictions due to the covid19 virus epidemic is substantiated. Quarantine restrictions and the temporary introduction of lockdown in various countries around the world, including Ukraine, have not only caused a crisis for small businesses. But they became a shock therapy and accelerated the digitalization of retail. Trends in digitalization and development of digital infrastructure allow both to adapt the structures of commercial entrepreneurship to the current conditions, and set directions for development in the long run. Particular attention in the article is paid to changing the business model and automation of sales processes based on the introduction of vending. The preconditions and existing experience of vending in Ukraine are analyzed. An outline of the business model of the project for the sale of goods through vending machines has been developed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.15-25
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• 2018

This study was designed to understand the change of rural landscape and to consider problems followed by development restrictions lifted for Neobiul Village in Ansan City, Korea. Physical landscape changes were comprehended by a field study and interview with local residents, and the residents' perception regarding the landscape changes were analyzed with the REP investigation method. The results can be summarized into the following three points: First, due to the lift of development restrictions and the deregulation of land use, the number of factories and warehouses for rent increased, which became a new source of income for the village. Second, the residents' complaints increased due to the increased traffic volume and waste from a sudden influx of factories and warehouses, which could not be handled by a small farming village. Third, a mix of landscape combining both city and farming village was formed due to the influx of external capital and the need of rental income, although the residents rather wanted Neobiul Village to become a residential village than a factory location. Furthermore, even in the farmlands near the village where development restrictions have not been lifted, the level of dependence on the farming industry has decreased as a consequence of the increase in farmland rent and weekend farms. This paper confirmed that the change of rural landscape followed by lifted development restrictions affects the everyday life of residents living in Neobiul Village. This study has significant implications in that it suggests a case showing the effects of national policies such as lifting development restrictions for rural villages in suburban areas.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.545-556
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• 2022

This study aims to ensure that the help of family members and caregivers has a controlling effect in the process of restrictions on the Activities of Daily Living affecting depression in the elderly. Based on the 15th data of the Korea Welfare Panel, technical statistics, average difference analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and control effect analysis were conducted on 4,214 senior citizens aged 65 or older. The results of the study are as follows. First, restrictions on the Activities of Daily Living has been shown to have a significant effect on depression in older people. Second, between restrictions on the Activities of Daily Living and depression of the elderly, the family's private help has been shown to function as a modulator to alleviate depression of the elderly. Third, between restrictions on the Activities of Daily Living and depression of the elderly, public help from caregivers does not function as an adjustment variable that alleviates depression of the elderly. Implications were derived and policy suggestions were presented based on these results.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.678-688
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• 2022

This study was conducted with the purpose of examining the direct effect of daily life restrictions on the behavior of people with physical disabilities who are easily exposed to 'disaster inequality' on emergency behavior, and comprehensively examining the mediating effect of depression and residential environment in this relationship. For this purpose, a total of 803 persons with physical disabilities aged 20 years or older were analyzed among the panels of the second year(2019) of the Panel Survey for People with Disabilities. As a result of the analysis, first, the daily life restriction of the physically disabled had a positive(+) effect on depression, a negative(-) effect on the residential environment and emergency behavior and depression had a negative(-) effect on the emergency behavior. The residential environment had a positive(+) effect on behavior in case of emergency. Second, it was found that depression and residential environment had a mediating effect between daily life restrictions and emergency behavior of the physically handicapped. In other words, it suggests that the living environment and depression can play an important role in the effect of daily life restrictions on the behavior in case of an emergency. Based on the analysis results, the implications of the study were suggested.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.621-629
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• 2007

In the adaptive fuzzy control field for affine nonlinear systems, there are two basic configurations: direct and indirect. It is well known that the direct configuration needs more restrictions on the control gain than the indirect configuration. In general, these restrictions are difficult to check in practice where mathematical models of plant are not available. In this paper, using a simple extension of the universal approximation theorem, we show that the only required constraint on the control gain is that its sign is known. The Lyapunov synthesis approach is used to guarantee the stability and convergence of the closed loop system. Finally, examples of an inverted pendulum and a magnet levitation system demonstrate the theoretical results.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.755-764
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• 1998

The least informative distributions minimizing Fisher information for location are obtained in the classes of continuously differentiable and piece-wise continuously differentiable densities with the additional restrictions on their values at the median and mode of population in the point and interval forms. The structure of these optimal solutions depends both on the assumptions of smoothness and form of characterizing restrictions of the class of distributions: in the class of continuously differentiable densities, the least informative distributions are finite and have the cosine-type form, and, in the class of piece-wise continuously differentiable densities, the least informative densities have exponential-type tails, the Laplace density in particular. The dependence of optimal solutions on the assumptions of symmetry is also analyzed.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.108.3-108
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• 2001

In this work, we consider a real time optimal control problem of mechanical systems with restrictions for actuators i.e. input restrictions and constraints for the movable area i.e. state constraints. First, we formulate an optimal control problem which evaluates the cost function for a finite time horizon with input restrictions and state constraints of a wheeled vehicle as an example of mechanical systems. In this problem, the differentiability of the cost function is not required and this implies that the problem cannot be solved analytically. Therefore, in this work, we use an optimization method to solve the optimal control problem and a new real time optimization method is proposed to solve the problem. In this method, we provide a parameter that indicates the ...

• IE interfaces
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 1998

This study is to develop a vehicle scheduling system for the efficient delivery of goods to places of business. For gathering data and testing the system developed, we have chosen a company which is located in Taegu city and has more than 700 delivery points over Taegu city and Kyungbuk province. We consider multiple vehicle types, travel time restrictions on vehicles, vehicle acceptance restrictions at delivery points, and other operational restrictions. We divide the whole delivery points into 44 regions and generate a region-based shortest path tree. Based on the shortest path tree, we perform vehicle assignment sequentially for each vehicle used. Then vehicle routings are determined. We have implemented the whole procedure on computer system. The system developed is flexible enough to be applicable to other companies by just changing the standard data.