• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.1259-1265
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• 2015

The present study was performed to study the genetic relationship of productive life with production and type traits of Korean Holsteins at first three lactations. The data for the analysis from 56,054, 28,997, and 11,816 animals of first, second and third parity cows which were born from 2006 to 2011 were collected by Dairy Cattle Improvement Center, National Agricultural Co-operative Federation. Milk, protein and fat yields adjusted for 305 days and average somatic cell score considered as production traits and analyzed type traits were stature, strength, body depth, dairy form, rump angle, rump width, rear leg side view, foot angle, front attachment placement, rear attachment height, rear attachment width, udder cleft, udder depth, front teat placement and front teat length. A multi trait genetic analysis was performed using Wombat program with restricted maximum likelihood animal model composed of fixed effect of birth year, farm and the random effect of animal and random residual effect according to the traits. Heritability estimates of productive life were between 0.06 and 0.13. Genetic and phenotypic correlations between production and productive life traits ranged from 0.35 to 0.04 for milk, 0.16 to 0.05 for protein and 0.18 to 0.02 f 15-0034 (2nd) 150520 or fat. Somatic cells score showed a negative genetic and phenotypic correlation with productive life and also udder type traits, indicating that the selection for higher udder traits will likely to improve resistance to mastitis and persistence in the herd. Among all dairy form type traits, udder characters such as udder cleft showed a significant relationship with productive life. However, a specific change of heritabilities or correlations were not observed with the change of parity. Moreover, further studies are needed to further confirm the significance of the above traits and the effect of parity on above relationships in order to minimize both voluntary and involuntary culling rates while improving herd health and maintaining high yielding dairy cows.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.29-46
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• 2014

For circular rigid footings with a rough base on sand, combined vertical - horizontal loading capacity was studied by three-dimensional numerical modelling. A numerical model was implemented to simulate the swipe loading and the probe loading methods and an interpretation procedure was devised in order to eliminate the numerical error from the restricted mesh density. Using the Mohr-Coulomb plasticity model, the effect of friction angle was studied under the associated flow-rule condition. The swipe loading method, which is efficient in that the interaction diagram can be drawn with smaller number of analyses, was confirmed to give similar results with the probe loading method, which follows closely the load-paths applied to real structures. For circular footings with a rough base, the interaction diagram for combined vertical (V) - horizontal (H) loading and the inclination factor were barely affected by the friction angle. It was found that the inclination factors for strip and rectangular footings are applicable to circular footings. For high H/V ratios, the results by numerical modelling of this study were smaller than the results of previous studies. Discussions are made on the factors affecting the numerical results and the areas for further researches.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.255-256
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• 2006

In this paper, we investigated the. characteristics of fault current limiting according to fault angle in the integrated three-phase flux-lock type SFCL in fault types such as the single-line-to-ground fault, the double-line-to-ground fault and the three-line-to-ground fault. When the SFCL is operating under normal condition, the magnetic flux generated between primary and secondary coils of each single phase is canceled out perfectly, so that the impedance of the SFCL is also not generated and the power system can be operated normally without any loss, However, if a fault occurs even in any phase out of three phases, quench happened in SFCL elements and the current flowing secondary coil is restricted abruptly. Finally, the balance of magnetic flux in whole SFCL system is destroyed, and the fault currents in every phase could be limited at the same time irrespective of the fault types. As a result, the developed SFCL in this study were operated normally as expected and the purpose of the integration of 3 phase current limiting was also achieved successfully. However, the fault current limiting characteristics of the SFCL was dependant on the quench characteristics of HTSC elements in each phase, and it was expected that the improvement of the SFCL could be possible through the introduction of HTSC elements which have better critical characteristics.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.365-373
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• 2007

Destruction of oral soft and hard tissues and resulting problems seriously affect the life quality of xerostomic patients. Although artificial saliva is the only regimen for xerostomic patients with totally abolished salivary glands, currently available artificial salivas give restricted satisfaction to patients. The purpose of this study was to contribute to the development of ideal artificial saliva through comparing viscosity and wettability between CMC solutions and human saliva. Commercially-available CMC is dissolved in simulated salivary buffer (SSB) and distilled deionized water (DDW). Various properties of human whole saliva, human glandular saliva, and a CMC-based saliva substitutes known as Salivart and Moi-Stir were compared with those of CMC solutions. Viscosity was measured with a cone-and-plate digital viscometer at six different shear rates, while wettability on acrylic resin and Co-Cr alloy was determined by the contact angle. The obtained results were as follows: 1. The viscosity of CMC solutions was proportional to CMC concentration, with 0.5% CMC solution displaying similar viscosity to stimulated whole saliva. Where as a decrease in contact angle was found with increasing CMC concentration. 2. The viscosity of human saliva was found to be inversely proportional to shear rate, a non-Newtonian (pseudoplastic) trait of biological fluids. The mean viscosity values at various shear rates increased as follows: stimulated parotid saliva, stimulated whole saliva, unstimulated whole saliva, stimulated submandibular-sublingual saliva. 3. Contact angles of human saliva on the tested solid phases were inversely correlated with viscosity, namely decreasing in the order stimulated parotid saliva, stimulated whole saliva, unstimulated whole saliva, stimulated submandibular-sublingual saliva. 4. Boiled CMC dissolved in SSB (CMC-SSB) had a lower viscosity than CMC-SSB (P < 0.01 at shear rate of $90s^{-1}$). 5. For human saliva, contact angles on acrylic resin were significantly lower than those on Co-Cr alloy (P < 0.01). 6. Comparing CMC solutions with human saliva, the contact angles between acrylic resin and human saliva solutions were significantly lower than those between acrylic resin and CMC solutions, including Salivart and Moi-Stir (P <0.01). The effectiveness of CMC solutions in terms of their rheological properties was objectively confirmed, indicating a vital role for CMC in the development of effective salivary substitutes.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 1980

When we design a dress, we should not only consider the esthetic sense and the relationship between movements of the body and the type of dress, but also the combination between the qualities and proper uses of textiles. recently the sale of ready-made clothes has been booming but I wonder whether they have been made in accordance with research concerning body movements and dresses. I would like to make the following observations on dresses, because I have personally suffered the inconvenience of restricted arm movements when wearing ready-made clothes. I have made four types types of foundations with muslin and Jersey, with these foundations I measured the degree of tension or how much the waist-line was drawn up then the arm was moved in increments of 45 degree angles and there by covering the entire span of vertical and horizontal movements. I have intended to experiment with sleeves of differing height in several ways. Concerning the movement factor, I have determined that with excessive activity vertical movements are twice as uncomfortable as horizontal movements. Concerning the faburic, I have found that because jersey has more elastic qualities than muslin, it has proven to be more responsive to body movements. concerning dresses, I have fund that the higher the height of the sleeves, the more uncomfortable it is to move the arms and the greater the degree to which the waist-line is drawn up. As a result this experiment I have made the following observations. Firstly, the vertical movement of the arms to a 180 degree angle has the most extreme influence on the breadth of movement of the waist-line. Secondly, because jersey permits freer body movements than muslin, it should be the preferred material for use in making sportswear. Thirdly, the formula A·H/4+3 of the sleev's cap height is suitable for making street dresses and formal wear. The formula A·H/5 and A·H/6 are properly used when making working clothes and sportswear, and the formula A·H/8 is proper for a sleeping garment and clothes for patients. Fourthly when deciding to any garments, it is important to consider the amount of arm movement anticipated and the relationship between the material and the degree to which the waistline is drawn up. In nder-blouse, when we raise our arms to the most extreme position, we should at that point still have 20∼25 cm of material remaining under the waist-line which includes the maximum of 14.1cm plus part of the blouse and breath of skirt's belt. In the case of the over blouse it is proper for us to have the length of 17∼20 cm remaining below the waist-line.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.547-556
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• 2013

Recently, golf courses have increased over the years because golf became popular leisure sport. Various environmental problems have been then issued by a golf course during constructing and running them. A problem of pesticide, which is serious among various environmental problems, from golf course has harmful effect on surrounding area and makes human suffer from acute and chronic diseases. Pesticides are used for the cost-effective managing of golf course and the amount of pesticides also increases as the number of golf course increase. Since the assessment of pesticides on near-by surrounding has been focused on water and soil media, studies related to atmospheric dispersion have been hardly attempted. The method to assess an impact of pesticide nearby agricultural production by the atmospheric dispersion using AGDISP(AGricultural DISPersal) model was developed and applied to the actual planned golf course located in Hongcheon, Gangwon. For implementing AGDISP, parameters were investigated from the golf course's land use planning map, pesticide spray device, Hong-Cheon weather station and etc. First of all, a kind of pesticide, a form of spraying pesticide, geographical features, weather data, and distance(golf course to plantation) were investigated to understand how to work these parameters in AGDISP. Restricted data(slope angle, droplet size distribution and solar insolation) sensitivity analysis of these parameters to estimate effect of pesticide nearby a plantation and a high relative contribution data of analyzed data was selected for input data. Ethoprophos was chosen as the pesticide used in the golf course and the amounts of pesticide deposition per annual agricultural productions were predicted. The results show that maximum amount of pesticide deposition through atmospheric dispersion was predicted $2.32{\mu}/m^2$ at 96 m where the nearest organic plantation exists. The residues of pesticide were also estimated based on the annul production of the organic and the deposition amount of the pesticide. Consequently, buckwheat, wheat and millet were likely to exceed maximum residue limits for pesticides in foods(MRL) and sorghum, corn and peanut were likely to exceed MRL by organic farming as well.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.674-696
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• 1997

There're many cases that should be reconstructed with post and core when clinical crown is destructed. But this post and core restoration may cause damaging stress on the teeth. Previous finite element study was restricted to normal bone model relatively close to cemen-toenamel junction. Moreover, the test of a model with diminished bone support was rare. The purpose of this study is to test the effects of alveolar bone loss on the magnitude, stress distribution and displacement of post reconstructed teeth. In this study, it was assumed that the coronal portion of upper incisor was severely destructed. After conventional endodontic treatment, it was restored with post and core. The PFM restoration was made on it. This crown was cemented with ZPC. Alveolar bone was classified by 4 types of bone, such as normal, 2 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm bone, according to the bone loss. Meanwhile, the material of post are divided into 2 types of materials, such as gold, co-cr. Force was applied to two directions. One was fuctional maximum bite force (300 N) applied to the spot just lingual to the incisal edge with the angle of 45 degree to the long axis of the tooth, and the other one was horizontal force (300 N) applied to the labial surface. The results analyzed with three dimensional finite element method were as follows : 1. Stress was concentrated on the adjacent dentin of the post apex, one third portion of the post apex and the labial & lingual mid-portion of the root in all case. The stress of middle third of the root was apparently concentrated on the labial aspect. 2. The stress on adjacent dentin of the post apex and one third of the post apex increased as alveolar bone height moved apically. This increase was dramatic beyond 4 mm bone loss model. 3. The stress of the post apex was spreaded to the middle third of the post and greater than gold post in the case of metal post. 4. The displacement of the neck of post was the greatest in one of the post-cement interface and this increased as alveolar bone height moved apically. Besides the displacement of the metal post is slightly lower than one of the gold post.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.926-929
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• 2007

방수로는 홍수 피해 경감을 사용되는 구조적 대책으로 최근 국내에서 널리 계획되고 있다. 이러한 방수로는 보통 횡월류위어 등으로 대표되는 유입부 구조물을 통하여 하천 본류와 연결되지만, 평상시에도 본류의 유량을 일부 분담하는 형태로 설계되는 젖은 하도(wet channel) 형태의 방수로는 별도의 유입부 구조물을 설치하지 않고 바로 본류에 연결되는 것이 일반적이다. 유입부 구조물을 통해 연결되는 방수로의 특성은 유입부 구조물의 수리학적인 특성에 의해서 많이 좌우된다. 이에 반해 젖은 하도 형태로 본류에서 바로 분기되는 방수로는 그 특성이 방수로의 폭(W), 방수로 분류각$(\theta)$등에 의해서 많이 좌우되며, 만약 설계된 방수로의 횡단면 형상이 사다리꼴 또는 직사각형 단면을 따른다면 이러한 흐름은 "제한 영마루고 횡월류위어 흐름(restricted zero-height side weir flow)"으로 분류할 수 있다. 이러한 조건에서의 흐름은 일반적인 횡월류위어 흐름과 많이 다른 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 방수로 폭 및 분류각을 변화시켜 방수로 분류 조건을 다양하게 구현하여 실험을 수행하였으며, 특히 분류각 변화에 따른 유량계수의 변화를 분석, 검토하였다. 또한 측정된 방류량을 기준으로 산정된 유량계수를 기존 연구자들이 제시한 영마루고(zero-height) 횡월류위어 유량계수 산정식에 의해 산정된 결과와 비교하여 분석하였다. 분석결과 분류각이 90도인 경우 본류 프루드수의 증가에 따라 유량계수가 점차 감소하였으나, 분류각이 90도 보다 작은 경우에는 본류 프루드수가 증가함에 따라 유량계수가 점차 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 한계를 만족시킬 입체 영상) 입체영상은 영화에서 시작되었으나, 20c후반기에 들어서면서 애니메이션 분야와 모바일, 광고 패널, 텔레비전등의 매체를 이용한 입체 영상의 개발로 인하여 특정 분야에 한정 시킬 수 없으므로 영상으로 칭한다. 입체 영상은 21c에 들어서면서 영상매체의 한 분야로 급부상하고 있다. 1900년 무렵부터 연구된 입체영화(3-Dimensional motion Picture)는 In여 년이 지난 지금 대중화를 눈앞에 두고 있다. 국내에서는 놀이 동산이나 박물관등에서 흔히 볼 수 있다. 하지만 앞으로는 HDW등의 대중화로 화질의 발전을 이룬 텔레비전 분야 등에서 실용화 될 전망이다. 국제적인 흐름과 함께 국내에서도 입체 영화에 대한 연구가 활성화 되어 영상산업의 한 주류로서 대두되고 있다. 이러한 상황에서 입체영상에 대한 이해와 콘텐츠(Contents)의 개발은 기술적인 진보에 발맞추어 준비되어야 한다. 본 논문은 이러한 기술적인 계보에 발맞춘 영상 콘텐츠 개발에 박차를 가하고자 앞으로의 발전분야에 대한 기술적인 면과 기법적인 면을 제시하여 기술만 앞서고 내용은 수입하는 수입국이기 보다는 미리 준비하여 비전문가나 타국의 기술에 선점 당하지 않는 분야로 성장할 수 있는 진보적인 영상 인들의 관심과 지속적인 연구를 독려하고자 한다.시민의 휴식 및 여가선용 공간으로 활용하기 위한 사업의 기초자료로 활용되며 이미 설계검토가 시작되었다. 본 연구결과는 유수지 및 저수지의 환경개선 사업의 선두적인 성공사례로 국내 타 지역의 유사한 사업에 있어 벤치마킹을 할 수 있는 훌륭한 사례가 될 것이다.요 생산이 증가하자 군신의 변별(辨別)과 사치를 이유로 강력하게 규제하여 백

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.10-21
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• 2014

The joint of prefabricated steel grid composite deck is composed of concrete shear key and high-tension bolts. The flexural and shear strength of the joint were experimentally evaluated only by the bending and push-out test of the joint element. In this study the lateral load transfer behavior of the joint in deck structure system is experimentally evaluated. Several decks connected by the joint are prefabricated and loaded centrically and eccentrically. In the case of centrically loaded specimens, the analysis results show that for the same loading step the rotation angle of the joint with 4 high-tension bolts is larger than the case of the joint with 9 high-tension bolts. Consequently, flexural stiffness of deck and lateral load transfer decrease in the case of specimen with 4 high-tension bolts. But, in the case of eccentrically loaded specimens, it is found that there are no significant differences in the load transfer behavior. The further analysis results about the structural behavior of the joint show that lateral load transfer can be restricted by the load bearing capacity of the joint as well as punching shear strength of the slab. Furthermore, considering that high-tension bolts in the joint didn't reach to the yielding condition until the punching shear failure, increase in the number of high-tension bolts from 4 to 9 has a greater effect on the flexural stiffness of the joint and deck system than the strength of them.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.109-121
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• 2016

To verify the accuracy of the image guided radiotherapy using ExacTrac 6D couch, the error values in six directions are randomly assigned and corrected and then the corrected values were compared with CBCT image to check the accurateness of ExacTrac. The therapy coordination values in the Rando head Phantom were moved in the directions of X, Y and Z as the translation group and they were moved in the directions of pitch, roll and yaw as the rotation group. The corrected values were moved in 6 directions with the combined and mutual reactions. The Z corrected value ranges from 1mm to 23mm. In the analysis of errors between CBCT image of the phantom which is corrected with therapy coordinate and 3D/3D matching error value, the rotation group showed higher error value than the translation group. In the distribution of dose for the error value of the therapy coordinate corrected with CBCT, the restricted value of dosage for the normal organs in two groups meet the prescription dose. In terms of PHI and PCI values which are the dose homogeneity of the cancerous tissue, the rotation group showed a little higher in the low dose distribution range. This study is designed to verify the accuracy of ExacTrac 6D couch using CBCT. It showed that in terms of the error value in the simple movement, it showed the comparatively accurate correction capability but in the movement when the angle is put in the couch, it showed the inaccurate correction values. So, if the body of the patient is likely to have a lot of changes in the direction of rotation or there is a lot of errors in the pitch, roll and yaw in ExacTrac correction, it is better to conduct the CBCT guided image to correct the therapy coordinate in order to minimize any side effects.