• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.503-512
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• 2002

Generally, the girder spacing of the two-girder composite bridge is from 5m up to 15m. To ensure the structural safety according to Korean Bridge Design Specification, the deck depth should be from 33 cm upto 73 cm. Using the transversal prestressing strands in concrete deck, we can reduce its depth about 10％. However, there is little experience on the design and construction of prestressed concrete(PSC) decks in Korea. This paper focuses on the behaviors of PSC deck. A literature survey is performed widely. Considering the characteristics of the two-girder bridge and the construction conditions in Korea, a cast-in-place PSC deck is recommended for the two-girder bridge with 6m girder spacing. To examine its structural behaviors and safety, three partial model deck specimens(3 m$\times$5 m) with real scale are fabricated md tested. One(PS34-RS) is 34cm depth with the stiffness restraint in longitudinal edges for simulating the real bridge deck. Another(PS34-NS) is same depth without the stiffness restraint, and the other(PS28-NS) is 28cm depth with the stiffness restraint. Under the static patch loading, each specimen had a larger ultimate flexural strength than the design value. Specimens with the stiffness restraint (PS34-RS and PS28-RS) showed the punching shear failure mode and specimen without that(PS34-NS) showed the flexural failure mode.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.167-174
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• 2019

The propose od this study was to examine the extent of using physical restraint on elderly patients (over 65 years old) and who were patients in long-term care hospitals. The data was collected, from March 3 2018 to March 29 2018, from the electronic nursing records by using a recording tool, and clinical observation was also used for assessing the use of physical restraint and the related factors. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients and logistic regression were then performed. The usage rate for physical restraints in long-term care hospital was 83.7%, and the most common type of physical restraint was side rails. The use of physical restraints showed a positive correlation with the fall risk scores and a negative correlation with the MMSE. Logistic regression analysis showed that the Fall Risk Score (OR=1.02, 95% CI=1.01~1.03), MMSE (OR=0.94, CI=0.88~0.99) and the use of medical devices (OR=0.80, 95% CI=0.65~0.98) were related with using physical restraints. Therefore, it was confirmed that physical restraint was used in cases of a high risk of falling, severe cognitive impairment and the use of complex and fragile medical devices to treat the patient. Clinical nursing practice should be changed so that treatment alternatives can be applied for elderly patients rather than using too many physical restraints.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.733-734
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• 2012

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.237-237
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.845-846
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• 2010

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.202-202
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2003.03a
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• pp.753-760
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• 2003

An existing studies concern about movement of pile bridge abutments. However, lateral displacement cause the serious failure of bridge by embankment under soft soil lateral flow A intention is obtained by analyzing the relationship between the safety factor of evaluation for lateral movements. Precise investigation and analysis are performed, in which the lateral movement of bridge abutments has occurred, and construct design strut-slab between bridge abutments in order to restraint lateral flow. As a result of this study, it was found that when evaluation for lateral movements is allowed to use Tschebotarioff's method and lateral flow decision number (I) and revision lateral flow decision number (M$_{I}$) by Korea Highway Corporation. Most important thing is decision of pressure of lateral flow at this case. Tschebotarioff's isoscales triangle method have no trouble analysis of pressure of lateral flow. Strut-slab method are nearly not have constructed case in this field site study that applied method. The method are between abutments combined steel strut and reinforced concrete slab. This method are effective restraint lateral flow but have little difficulty if long span bridge between abutments.s.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.145-163
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to understand the process of "standing alone" in divorced single fathers on the basis of qualitative data collected through in-depth interviews with 10 divorced single fathers. Data were analyzed on the basis of grounded theory analysis in open coding, and 154 concepts, 39 sub-categories, and 14 categories were derived. According to the results of this study, the process phenomenon of divorced single fathers' standing alone was "the restraint and chaos of pain". This study could identify the consecutive process of four identified stages: marriage life's rupture, pain and chaos, deliberation and decision, and role adaption. In selective coding, the core category was "to pass through the restraint of pain and embrace children and stand alone". There were three types of standing alone: maintaining barely, enduring hopefully, and living initiatively. This study showed the necessity of social support and the basic data by type analysis through the process of standing alone. This study provided substantive knowledge generated through the voices of the persons concerned.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.197-206
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• 1993

We studied relation between the clothing pressure applied by foundations(waist nipper, girdle, body suit) on the waist of bodies and muscular activity, feeling of tightness. The main results were summerized as follows ; 1. Clothing pressure applied by foundations was high in order of girdle>waist nipper>body suit, also clothing pressure was higher back than front and side, sitting on the chair than standing posture, ventral flection than repose. Individual differences, even if size of body was equal, were shown in clothing pressure applied by foundations with subcutaneous fat's amount in measuring region. 2. The muscular activity of rectus abdominis than obliquus externus abdominis was more affected by foundations in all kinds of postures and motions. Amplitude of electromyogram was high sitting on the chair than standing posture, but there was little difference with motion variation. The wearing girdle strongly affected on the muscular activities of rectus abdominis and obliquus externus abdominis as compared with waist nipper and body suit. 3. The value for feeling of tightness by wearing waist nipper was higher than girdle and body suit. Also the case when sitting on the chair and ventral flection, the value for feeling of tightness was high. When the foundations were on the body, most tightened on the region of the body was anterior abdominal region.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.127-136
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• 2000

Welding deformations reduce the accuracy of ship hull blocks and decrease the productivity due to correction work. Preparing an error-minimizing guide at the design stage will lead to a high quality as well as high productivity. And a precise method to predict the weld deformation is an essential part of it. This paper proposes an efficient method to predict complicated weld deformations based on the inherent strain theory combined with the finite element method. The inherent strain is determined by the highest temperature and the degree of restraint. In order to calculate the inherent strain exactly, it is considered that the degree of restraint becomes different according to the fabrication stages in real structures. A simulation of a stiffened plate shows the applicability of this method to simple ship hull blocks.