• 전기학회논문지
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• 제60권12호
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• pp.2221-2224
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• 2011

During an emergency due to a shortage of power, a load aggregator (LA) can use the demand response operation system to deploy demand response resources (DRRs) through various demand response (DR) programs. This paper introduces the demand response operation system for a load aggregator to manage various demand response resources in a smart grid environment.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.263-270
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• 2021

강화학습은 학습을 통해 최적의 행동정책을 탐색하는 기법으로써, 재난 상황에서 효과적인 인명 구조 및 재난 대응 문제 해결을 위해 많이 활용되고 있다. 그러나, 기존 재난 대응을 위한 강화학습 기법은 상대적으로 단순한 그리드, 그래프와 같은 환경 혹은 자체 개발한 강화학습 환경을 통해 평가를 수행함에 따라 그 실용성이 충분히 검증되지 않았다. 본 논문에서는 강화학습 기법을 실세계 환경에서 사용하기 위해 기존 개발된 재난 시뮬레이션 환경의 복잡한 프로퍼티를 활용하는 강화학습 환경 구성과 활용 결과를 제시하고자 한다. 본 제안 강화학습 환경의 구성을 위하여 재난 시뮬레이션과 강화학습 에이전트 간 강화학습 커뮤니케이션 채널 및 인터페이스를 구축하였으며, 시뮬레이션 환경이 제공하는 고차원의 프로퍼티 정보의 활용을 위해 비-이미지 피쳐 벡터(non-image feature vector)에 이미지 변환방식을 적용하였다. 실험을 통해 본 제안 방식이 건물 화재 피해도를 기준으로 한 평가에서 기존 방식 대비 가장 낮은 건물 화재 피해를 기록한 것을 확인하였다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1999

To find characteristics and areas of greater risk of oil spill at the coastal waters in Korea, some of risk factors were analyzed with historical data of oil spill and marine traffic. As a result, it is characterized that frequency of oil spill is increasing year by year and greatest percentage of spill source is fishing boat. It is proposed that the ports of Ulsan, Yeosu, Incheon and Pusan will be designated as primary area of risk as they have a higher risk of oil spills and its response authority is required to maintain appropriate regional response capability for prompt and effective response to a future spill incident. In addition, the regional response equipments at Ulsan are examined under a assumption of a medium size spill and it is found that the use of chemical dispersant can be an alternative when mechanical containment and recovery is not feasible in this area, and the existing response equipments may be appropriate to address that size of spill. However, the response authority is required to maintain more numbers of stronger boom for unsheltered waters and more quantity of concentrate dispersant to disperse all spilled oils on the water, furthermore the response authority should be prepared for a possible future catastrophic spill with sufficient equipments.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2021

The design response spectrum presented in the seismic design standard reflects the characteristics of the tectonic environment at a site. However, since the design response spectrum does not represent the ground motion with a specific earthquake magnitude or distance, input ground motions for response history analysis need to be selected reasonably. It is appropriate to use observed ground motions recorded in Korea for the seismic design. However, recently recorded ground motions in the Gyeongju (2016) or Pohang (2017) earthquakes are not compatible with the design response spectrum. Therefore, it is necessary to convert the recorded ground motion in Korea to a model similar to the design response spectrum. In this study, several approaches to adjust the spectral acceleration level at each period range were tested. These are the intrinsic and scattering attenuation considering the earthquake environment, magnitude, distance change by the green function method, and a rupture propagation direction's directivity effect. Using these variables, the amplification ratio for the representative natural period was regressed. Finally, the optimum condition compatible with the design response spectrum was suggested, and the validation was performed by converting the recorded ground motion.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 임시총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.113-114
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• 2004

In order to classify the groundwater recharge characteristics in an urban area, a time series analysis of groundwater level data was performed. For this study, the daily groundwater level data from 35 monitoring wells were collected for 3 years (Fig. 1). The use of the cross-correlation function (CCF), one of the time series analysis, showed both the close relationship between rainfall and groundwater level change and the lag time (delay time) of groundwater level fluctuation after a rainfall event. Based on the result of CCF, monitored wells were classified into two major groups. Group I wells (n=10) showed a fast response of groundwater level change to rainfall event, with a delay time of maximum correlation between rainfall and groundwater level near 1 to 7 days. On the other hand, the delay time of 17-68 days was observed from Group II wells (n=25) (Fig. 1). The fast response in Group I wells is possibly caused by the change of hydraulic pressure of bedrock aquifer due to the rainfall recharge, rather than the direct response to rainfall recharge.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.106-114
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• 2001

The office environment of the building has been significantly changed and the office automation(OA) for productivity improvement and efficiency has proceeded. According to thee trends, the concept of office environment was transferred from conventional \"working space\" to \"living space\" or \"creative space\". Thus, occupants in office building have demanded more comfortable and advanced task environment. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the indoor environment of working space with personal air conditioning system using the measurements of environmental comfort parameters and the questionnaire survey of occupants、 thermal sensation response to the environment.n response to the environment.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회 1996년도 추계학술대회발표논문집; 고려대학교, 서울; 26 Oct. 1996
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• pp.157-161
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• 1996

This paper presents a method for designing private networks considering response time under packet switching network environment Specifically, we propose the designing process of a private network, where the host is assumed to be synchronous and the terminals to be asynchronous, according to protocol and access lines. To calculate the response time for the networks, we use the mutual independent M/M/1 and M/W/s queueing models. Comparing the response time derived from the model with the actual one, it is found that the model yields almost same performance in a more economic way. From the experiment, it is suggested that the necessary number of lines as well as the response time for a specific network can be estimated properly by sensitivity analysis.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.439-446
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• 2021

Environmental damage caused by marine plastic debris occurs and has become a major contributor to marine pollution. This study analyzed the current state of marine plastic debris pollution and proposed essential strategies to reduce damage. To assess the current state of pollution arising from marine plastic debris, this study investigated the properties of plastic debris, reviewed case studies of ecological impacts, and examined the inflow and distribution of marine plastic debris. The results of this study indicate that the major deleterious effects of marine plastics are entanglement and ingestion. In addition, the amount of plastic waste entering the sea was estimated to be 230 Mt in 2015 and may increase to 554 Mt in 2050. In this study, three key strategies were proposed to reduce damage and preserve the ecosystem, including: 1) removing plastic debris in the marine environment, 2) limiting the release of plastic debris to the marine environment, and 3) preventing damage to humans and marine life from plastic debris. To minimize the environmental damage caused by marine plastic debris, the proposed response strategies should be implemented in parallel.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.101-110
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• 1997

The intent of this study is to propose a method for appraisal of the indoor thermal environment of apartment housing by measuring physical factors and residents' response to questionnaire survey. The experiments were performed on eight houses each in summer (August 18 through 31,1995) and winer (february 16 through 20,1996). It included measurements of indoor air temperature, globe temperature, relative humidity, and CO2 concentration. The questionnaire surveys were performed each in summer (July 16 through 20, 1996) and winer (February 13 through 16, 1996). And 248 cases in summer and 297 cases in winter were used in analysis. These questionnaire surveys asked residents' response about thermal sensation, humidity sensation, sense of air freshness regarding the indoor thermal environment. data acquired through the experiments and questionnaire surveys were then transferred to scales that allowed relative comparison, and measured to an appraisal standard chart. Appraisal tools included appraisal charts and radar charts. Indoor thermal environment was judged to be positive according to experiments, but residents appraised the thermal environment to be average. This difference between the two can be found in the strict standards by which residents judge the thermal environment of their apartments.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.333-350
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• 2013

This paper deals with the development of expressions relating structural seismic response parameters to the epicentral distances of an earthquake and the natural period of several reinforced concrete buildings (6, 9 and 12 storey), with three floor plans: symmetric, monosymmetric, and unsymmetric. These structures are subjected to seismic spectrum of accelerations collected during the Boumerdes earthquake (Algeria, May $21^{st}$, 2003, Mw=6.8) at different epicentral distances. The objective of this study is to develop relations between structural responses namely: base shear, storey displacements, interstory drifts and epicentral distance and fundamental period for a given earthquake. The seismic response of the buildings is carried out in both longitudinal transverse and directions by the response spectrum method (modal spectral approach).