• 한국인구학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.167-186
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• 1982

Financial barrier is well known as a determinant of the perceived need for and utilization of medical care in urban areas. This study aims to; a) estimate the levels of the perceived need for and utilization of medical care, b) analyze the reasons for not receiving medical care, and c) determine factors affecting the levels of need and utilization, and major reasons for not receiving medical care. The data of household interview survey in urban areas collected for a National Survey on Reorganization of Nationwide Health Care Delivery Network is used. An interview was conducted with a total of 2, 538 households in urban areas during a 28 day period of October through November, 1981, giving an overall response rate of 99 percent. The results show a factor of third-party payer is most influential to utilization (physician visits by patient), and living standard is a determinant to explain the variance of major reasons for not receiving medical care. Therefore, financial burden is still a major determent in utilization of medical care in urban areas. Improved level of living standard and expanded coverage of the third-party payer such as health insurance and public medical assistance will increase both an overall levels of utilization of and the need for medical care in urban areas in the future. The major statistics are as follows; a) rate of the need for medical care during a 15 day period per 100 persons was 33 percent: the differential rates appeared in sex, age, living standard, and third- party payer variables, b) percent of treatment employed per 100 persons who are wanting medical care was 82: the percents were high in young ages, high levels of living standard and education, and persons covered by third-party payer, and c) economic reasons for not receiving medical care per 100 persons who are wanting medical care were occupied with 60 percent: the rates are high in old ages, low levels of living standard and persons not covered by third-party payer.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.737-747
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• 2013

개발된 3차원 탐색 레이더는 저속으로 기동 중인 작은 RCS(Radar Cross Section)를 갖는 다수의 표적을 TWS(Track While Scan) 방식을 활용하여 실시간으로 탐지, 추적하여 표적의 거리, 속도, 각도 정보를 추출하는 펄스도플러(pulsed-doppler) 방식의 레이더이다. 본 논문에서는 고속으로 기동하는 표적을 탐지하기 위한 일반적인 레이더 신호처리 기법과 비교하여 영속도 근처의 저속 표적을 탐지하기 위한 속도 채널 처리 및 클러터맵 생성기법, 생성된 클러터맵을 활용하여 표적 정보를 획득하기 위한 신호처리 기법을 기술하며, 고속 다중 DSP가 탑재된 상용(COTS: Commercial Off-The-Shelf) 보드를 활용하여 개발된 3차원 탐색 레이더용 실시간 신호처리기의 HW/SW 구조 설계 및 탑재 알고리즘, 시험 결과 등을 제시한다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2014

The application of advanced Main Control Room(MCR) is accompanied with lots of changes and different forms and features through the virtue of new digital technologies. The characteristics of these digital technologies and devices give many opportunities to the interface management, and can be integrated into a compact single workstation in advanced MCR so that workers can operate the plant with minimum physical burden under any operation conditions. However, these devices may introduce new types of human errors and thus a means to evaluate and prevent such errors is needed, especially those related to characteristics of digital devices. This paper reviewed the new type of human error hazards of tasks based on digital devices and surveyed researches on physiological assessment related to human error. An experiment was performed to verify human error hazards by physiological responses such as EEG which was measured to evaluate the cognitive workload of operators. And also, the performances of four tasks which are representative in human error hazard tasks based on digital devices were compared. Response time, ${\beta}$ power spectrum rate of each task by EEG, and mental workload by NASA-TLX were evaluated. In the results of the experiment, the rate of the ${\beta}$ power was increased in the task 1 and task 4 which are searching and navigating task and memory task of hierarchical information, respectively. In case of the mental workload, in most of evaluation items, task 1 and 4 were highly rated comparatively. In this paper, human error hazards might be identified by highly cognitive workload. Conclusively, it was concluded that the predictive method which is utilized in this paper and an experimental verification can be used to ensure the safety when applying the digital devices in Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs).

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2019

5G 네트워크는 초고속, 초연결, 초저지연이라는 요구를 구현하기 위해 다양한 ICT 기술들을 접목한 차세대 융합 네트워크로서, 이전 세대 이동통신 네트워크의 보안취약점을 해결하기 위해 다양한 노력들이 시도되었다. 그러나 현재까지 발표된 표준화 규격들에는 USIM 탈취 및 복제, 메시지 재전송 공격, 경쟁조건 공격 등의 보안취약점이 여전히 존재한다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해, 본 논문에서는 물리적 복제방지 기능인 PUF 기술을 적용한 새로운 5G 인증 및 키합의 프로토콜을 제시한다. 제시된 PUF 기반의 인증 및 키합의 프로토콜은 특정 입력값에 대해 장치별로 고유하게 생성되는 응답값과 해시함수를 이용하여 현재까지 식별된 보안취약점을 개선한다. 이러한 접근 방법은 보안성이 중요하게 요구되는 영역에서 5G 네트워크를 활용할 경우, 저렴한 PUF 회로의 추가를 통해 강력한 화이트리스트 정책을 구현할 수 있게 해 준다. 또한 기존 프로토콜에 추가적인 암호 알고리즘을 적용하지 않기 때문에 연산 비용 증가나 인증 파라미터 저장 공간 증가의 부담도 상대적으로 적다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2021

Background: Neck pain is a major public health problem among sewing machine operators working in textile factories. Even though the textile industries are growing in number in Ethiopia, but there is a dearth of published studies on the prevalence of neck pain. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of neck pain among sewing machine operators of garment factories in Mekelle city. Method: An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was implemented among 297 sewing machine operators' working in garment factories in Mekelle city. A systematic random sampling technique was used. Data were collected through interviews and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 23. Finally, variables with 95% confidence interval (CI): p < 0.05 in the multivariate analysis were significantly declared. Results: Two hundred ninety-seven sewing machine operators were enrolled, with 98.7% response rates. In this study, the 12-month prevalence rate of neck pain was found to be 42.3% (95% CI: 36.6%-47.9%), and variables like such as break time [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 5.888, 95% CI: (2.775-12.493)], working hours per day [AOR: 6.495, 95% CI: (2.216-19.038)], static posture [AOR: 4.487, 95% CI (1.640-12.275)], and repetitive activity [AOR: 4.519, 95% CI:(2.057-9.924)] were associated with neck pain. Conclusion: In this study, neck pain is a major public health problem. Continuous work without break time, working greater than 8 hours per day, sitting in the same position for greater than 2 hours, and high repetitive activities were found significantly associated with neck pain. Owners and governmental bodies need to focus on developing preventive strategies and safety guidelines.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.151-163
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• 2021

Purpose - The break-even point refers to the point where total profit and total cost coincide, and from this point on, the entrepreneur's decision-making takes a different route. Strategic decisions can be made for more efficient operation and eventually for more likelihood for growth and sustainability if a startup figures out when it recoups the investment and switches to a net profit. Design/methodology/approach - 748 creativity and skill-based sole proprietors in manufacturing industry were examined to demonstrate the effect of the entrepreneur's entrepreneurial experience and education level, the business launch preparation time, or the self-financing on the achievement of break-even point. Findings - While the business launch preparation time lowered the likelihood of reaching a break-even point, self-financing increased the likelihood. As a result of further analysis by subdividing into subgroups according to skill level, only the business launch preparation time was statistically significant in the highly skilled industries. In the low skilled industries, in addition to the business launch preparation time, the CEO's education level and the self-financing were statistically significant. Research implications or Originality - The longer the business launch preparation time, the higher the start-up cost, which increases the burden of initial cost recovery, and the agile response to market changes is thereby delayed, resulting in the business idea losing its appeal. Self-financing not only provides stability and strong motivation for the business operation but also promotes careful spending which contributes to the achievement of break-even point. In particular, it is found that practical experience is more useful than theoretical knowledge in low skilled industries. Due to the limitation of secondary data based on the recollection, the time required to reach a break-even point, percentage of financing sources, etc. may include cognitive errors. In addition, variables are not included that explain the characteristics of creativity and skill-based sole proprietorship, so it is necessary to exercise caution with the actual application.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.653-657
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• 2022

구강 질환은 전 세계적으로 심각한 건강 및 경제적 부담을 야기하여 사람들의 삶의 질을 크게 저하시킨다. 대표 구강질환인 치아우식증은 S. mutans에 의해 발생한다. 또한, 구강 병원성 미생물에는 면역 반응이 일어나면서 다양한 구강 질환을 유발할 수 있는 지질다당류(lipopolysaccharide, LPS)가 함유되어 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 구강 질환을 조절하기 위해서 대나무 잎 추출물(BLE)의 항산화 및 항균 효과를 조사하는 것이다. THP-1, oral fibroblasts, S mutans 배양액에 댓잎 추출물을 0-8% 농도별로 처리하여 실험을 진행하였다. 그 결과 단핵세포주와 구강섬유아세포에서 BLE 농도에 따른 항산화 효과를 확인하였다. 또한, BLE 농도에 따른 S. mutans의 항균효과를 입증하였다. 따라서 BLE가 구강질환의 예방 또는 치료에 사용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.1004-1012
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• 2022

본 논문은 디지털 게임 기반의 학습 방법을 이용해 패키지 투어에 참여하는 여행자들에게 관광지 정보를 게임 형식으로 학습하도록 하는 서비스 개발 내용을 담고 있다. 이 게임은 안드로이드 기반의 스마트폰을 대상으로 하여 자바(Java) 언어로 구현했으며, 콘텐츠 관리 시스템(CMS)을 통해 게임 콘텐츠, 여행자 정보, 게임 결과 등을 체계적으로 관리할 수 있도록 하였다. 한 개의 관광지 소개 레벨과 다섯 개의 퀴즈 게임 레벨로 구성된 이 게임은 각 레벨 별로 점수 보상과 시간 벌칙을 제공하고 있어 게임의 흥미를 더해주며, 게임 종료시에는 이를 종합적으로 고려해 획득 점수를 계산한 후 리더 보드에 등재시켜 준다. 성능 평가 결과 데이터베이스와 게임 간에 0.9초의 응답 시간을 보여주고 있어 만족할 만한 결과임을 알 수 있었다. 본 논문에서 구현한 게임은 여행자 관리를 위한 패키지 투어 애플리케이션 내에 탑재되어 운영됨으로써 여행자들로 하여금 패키지 투어에 대한 만족도를 높여주는 계기가 될 것이라 기대한다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.531-539
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• 2022

정부는 COVID-19 확산을 방지하기 위해 사회적 거리두기 및 영업시간 제한 등의 정책을 시행하였고, COVID-19 장기 유행에 따라 소상공인들의 피해는 커지고 있다. 정부는 긴급재난지원금을 편성해 소상공인들의 경영압박을 해소하고자 하였다. 긴급재난지원금은 소상공인들에게 일시적인 도움이 되었지만, COVID-19 장기유행에 따라 경영 어려움은 커져갔다. 따라서 본 논문은 시스템 사고의 원형 중(Systme Archetype) 처방의 실패와 짐떠넘기기 원형을 활용하여 소상공인들의 회복력을 효과적으로 높일 수 있는 정책 지렛대로서의 정책 대안들을 탐색적으로 도출하고자 하였다. 소상공인들의 회복력을 높이기 위해 소상공인들의 긴급재정지원과 함께 소상공인들의 자생력을 높일 수 있는 지원이 필요하다.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.198-203
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• 2022

Purpose: To grasp public opinion accurately, we conducted an opinion poll on beliefs and attitudes toward physician-assisted suicide (PAS). Methods: A randomized telephone survey ensuring a representative sample was conducted, 1,007 participants aged 18 years or older (response rate, 9.5%). Results: The main results are as follows: i) 61.1% of participants thought that the current social support system for terminally ill patients and their families is insufficient; ii) 60% of participants did not recognize the term "hospice and palliative care"; iii) 81.7% of participants would not like to receive life-sustaining treatment if there is no possibility of recovery; iv) 58.4% of participants would like to receive hospice and palliative care if they are diagnosed with a terminal illness; v) the priorities for dignified dying were preparing a support system to reduce the burden of care (28.6%), economic support including reduction of medical expenses (26.7%), expansion of hospice and palliative care services (25.4%), and legalization of PAS (13.6%); and vi) 58.3% of participants agreed that the expansion of hospice and palliative care should precede the legalization of PAS. Conclusion: Koreans currently want other efforts, including expansion of hospice and palliative care services, instead of the legalization of PAS.