• 대한약침학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was performed to analyse the effects of Sweet Bee Venom(SBV-purified melittin supported by G&V Co., the major component of honey bee venom) on the respiratory system in rats. Methods: All experiments were conducted at Biotoxtech Company, a non-clinical studies authorized institution, under the regulations of Good Laboratory Practice(GLP). Male rats of 5 weeks old were chosen for this study and after confirming condition of rats was stable, SBV was administered in thigh muscle of rats in 0.175, 0.35 and 0.7 mg/kg dosage. And checked the effects of SBV on the respiratory system using the whole body plethysmography. And respiratory rate, tidal volume and minute volume of rats were checked after administered SBV (melittin). Results: 1. In the measurement of respiratory rate, there were not observed any significant differences compared with control group. 2. In the measurement of tidal volume, there was not observed any significant differences compared with control group. 3. In the measurement of minute volume, 0.35mg/kg dosage group showed significant differences compared with control group. But we estimated that this result was caused by individual differences. Conclusions: Above findings suggest that SBV seems to be safe treatment in the respiratory system of rats. And further studies on the subject should be conducted to yield more concrete evidences.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.303-310
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between abdominal muscle strength and measures of respiratory function in stroke patients. Methods: The study participants comprised 17 (male: 12, female: 5) stroke patients hospitalized at W rehabilitation hospital in Busan, South Korea. Abdominal muscle strength was assessed using a digital manual dynamometer for 5 seconds contacting the sternal notch of the participants to bend the trunk. Respiratory function (forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity, and peak expiratory flow) was assessed using a spirometer. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation analysis, and the significance level was set 0.05. Results: A statistically significant correlation was found between abdominal muscle strength and forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, and peak expiratory flow. However, abdominal muscle strength and forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity were not significantly correlated. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that there is a relationship between abdominal muscle strength and respiratory function. Exercise programs to strengthen the abdominal muscles are therefore necessary to improve respiratory function in stroke patients.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this current study is to compare the effectiveness of respiratory circulation function and tidal volume according to two different types of practice methods, in terms of breathing training program and abdominis muscle strengthening using a swiss ball. Methods: The subjects were consist 18 college students, were randomly and evenly assigned to either breathing training program group (BTG) or swiss-ball exercise group (SEG). Exercise program was applied for 60 minutes, 3 times a week, for 6 weeks. Before, after 3 weeks and after 6 weeks of exercises, the subjects were tested using the bruce protocol. The significance of differences between the BTG and the SEG was evaluated by analysis of two-way repeated measures ANOVA. Results: There was an increase in respiratory circulation function after both of exercise. Especially, there was significant difference between the before and after 6 weeks in the BTG. Also, change of respiratory circulation function in BTG was significantly greater than SEG. Tidal volume was no significant differences between the before and after 6 weeks in both groups. In addition, there was significant difference between BTG and SEG. Conclusion: These results suggest that direct breathing training program were more useful to improve of respiratory circulation function.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2021

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to apply dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) to subjects with forward head posture (FHP) and to compare its effects on respiratory function as against the conventional neck stabilization exercise and neck stretching and extensor strengthening exercises. METHODS: The whole-body posture measurement system was used to measure the degree of FHP, and a spirometer and a respiratory gas analyzer were used to measure the respiratory function. After the intervention was completed, the changes over time were analyzed in the DNS group, the neck stabilization exercise group, and the neck stretching and extensor strengthening exercise group. The inter-group difference in the changes was also analyzed. A repeated ANOVA was performed to compare the respiratory function according to the period between the three groups, and the least significant difference (LSD) method was used for the post hoc test. RESULTS: After the 6-week exercise period, respiratory functions, such as forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume for 1 second (FEV1), forced expiratory volume for 1 sec/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), maximum oxygen intake (VO₂max), and the volume of expired gas (VE), significantly improved according to the period (p < .05), but no inter-group differences were found. CONCLUSION: DNS is an effective training method, and can be applied along with neck stabilization exercise and neck stretching and extensor strengthening exercises, which are widely used in clinical practice, to people with FHP who cannot directly perform neck exercises to improve their respiratory function.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.165-171
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• 2024

본 연구는 2급 응급구조사가 호흡부전 및 호흡정지 환자에게 백-밸브 마스크(BVM) 인공호흡 시 호흡량 측정기를 사용하여 적정량의 호흡량과 및 성공률을 알아보고자 한다. 연구는 2023년 12월 11일부터 12일까지 D 대학교에 재학 중인 2급 응급구조사를 대상으로 20명을 선정하여 10명은 호흡량 측정기를 이용하여 BVM 인공호흡을 교육한 실험군으로, 다른 10명은 호흡량 측정기 없이 BVM 인공호흡을 교육한 대조군으로 선정하여 2분간 인공호흡을 제공하는 실험을 하였다. 연구 결과, 대조군에서는 정확한 호흡량을 제공하지 못하였고(p=.025), 호흡 성공률 역시 실험군에서는 2분간 호흡 성공률이 높았으나 대조군에서는 유의한 차이를 보였으며(p=.001), 주관적 호흡량과 측정된 객관적 호흡량이 대조군에서 유의한 차이를 보였다(p=.010). 따라서 호흡량 측정기를 사용한 교육은 2급 응급구조사가 느끼는 주관적 호흡량을 객관적 호흡량과 일치시키고 호흡 성공률을 높여 호흡부전 및 호흡정지와 심폐소생술 시 심장정지 환자의 생존율을 높이는 데 도움이 될 것이다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제57권7호
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• pp.1298-1303
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• 2008

Respiration is induced by muscular contraction of the chest and abdomen, resulting in the abdominal volume change. Thus, continuous measurement of the abdominal dimension enables to monitor breathing activity. Conductive rubber cord has been previously introduced and tested to develop wearable application for respiratory measurements. This study implemented respiratory monitoring system with the conductive rubber cord in the patient's pants in purpose of quantitative estimation of tidal volume. Air mixed with $0{\sim}5%$ $CO_2$ was inhaled and the respiratory air flow rate, abdominal dimension change, and end tidal $CO_2$ concentration were simultaneously measured in steady state. $CO_2$ inhalation significantly increased the tidal volume in normal physiological state with the subject unawared. The tidal volume estimated from the abdominal dimension change linearly correlated with the tidal volume measured by a pneumotachometer with a correlation coefficient of 0.88. Customized calibration for each subject resulted in relative errors less than 10%. Therefore, the tidal volume was accurately estimated by measuring the abdominal dimension change.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.391-397
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• 2016

저병기 폐암은 정위적 체부 방사선치료 방식이 높은 효과를 나타내지만, 호흡에 의한 움직임으로 인해 정확한 선량의 조사가 쉽지 않다. 이에 본 연구는 움직이는 표적을 대상으로 영상획득 방식에 따른 체적을 분석하고, 체적 설정방식 및 호흡주기에 따른 선량을 유리선량계를 이용하여 평가하였다. 그 결과, 체적 획득의 경우 4D CT가 $10.4cm^3$로 실제 체적인 $12.3cm^3$에 가장 근접한 결과를 나타냈다. 선량평가에서는 ITV가 처방선량 10, 15, 20 Gy에서 각각 10.82, 16.88, 21.90 Gy로 가장 높은 값을 보였으며, RGRT가 좀 더 높은 값을 나타내었으나 호흡주기에 따른 결과는 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 따라서 움직이는 종양의 치료 시 4D CT를 이용하여 영상을 획득 후 ITV를 설정하여 RGRT방식으로 치료하는 것이 유리할 것으로 사료된다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.142-147
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• 2008

Abdominal circumference changes due to breathing by the respiratory muscle activity such as diaphragm, which would partially represent the lung volume variation. The present study introduced conductive rubber molded in a cord shape incorporated with a patient's pants. The conductive rubber cord operated as a displacement transducer to measure the lung or abdominal volume changes. Signal extraction circuitry was developed to obtain the volume and its derivative(or the flow) signals followed by wireless transmission based on the Zigbee communication protocol in a size of $65mm{\times}105mm$ easily put in pocket. Breathing frequency was accurately evaluated and breath pattern analysis seemed feasible, since respiratory behaviours such as maximal inspiration and cough were well identified. Remote wireless receiver module also enabled to monitor both volume and flow signals during resting breathing on a PC terminal.

• 센서학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.133-142
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• 2008

Respiration is induced by muscular contraction of the chest and abdomen, resulting in the abdominal volume change. Thus, continuous measurement of the abdominal dimension enables to monitor breathing activity. Conductive rubber cord has been previously introduced and tested to develop wearable application for respiratory measurements. The present study implemented wireless wearable respiratory monitoring system with the conductive rubber cord in the patient's pants. Signal extraction circuitry was developed to obtain the abdominal circumference changes reflecting the lung volume variation caused by respiratory activity. Wireless transmission was followed based on the zigbee communication protocol in a size of 65mm${\times}$105mm easily put in pocket. Successful wireless monitoring of respiration was performed in that breathing frequency was accurately estimated as well as different breathing patterns were easily recognized from the abdominal signal. $CO_2$ inhalation experiment was additionally performed in purpose of quantitative estimation of tidal volume. Air mixed with $0{\sim}5%\;CO_2$was inhaled by 4 normal males and the respiratory air flow rate, abdominal dimension change, and end tidal $CO_2$ concentration were simultaneously measured in steady state. $CO_2$ inhalation increased the tidal volume in normal physiological state with a correlation coefficient of 0.90 between the tidal volume and the end tidal $CO_2$ concentration. The tidal volume estimated from the abdominal signal linearly correlated with the accurate tidal volume measured by pneumotachometer with a correlation coefficient of 0.88 with mean relative error of approximately 8%. Therefore, the tidal volume was accurately estimated by measuring the abdominal dimension change.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.54-59
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• 2017

폐암(Lung cancer) 환자의 경우 PET/CT 검사에서 호흡으로 인하여 영상의 정합오차가 발생하게 되는데 이로 인해 정확한 SUV 와 Tumor volume측정을 방해하는 요인으로 작용된다. $SUV_{max}$를 이용하여 폐암 환자의 수술 후 예측 및 항암화학요법의 효과를 평가하고 있으며, 방사선치료의 예후 예측 및 평가를 위해 현재 Tumor volume과 SUV를 이용한 지표가 사용되고 있다. 그렇기 때문에 정합오차를 줄이기 위해 본원에서는 Respiratory gating method를 적용하여 검사를 시행하고 있다. 본 연구는 Step and Go 방식이 아닌 Flow mode를 적용하여 Non-gating 영상과 첫 번째 Respiratory Gating영상, 그리고 추가로 부분 Respiratory gating 촬영하여 Respiratory gating method의 유용성에대해 알아보았다. 2016년 6월부터 2016년 9월까지 분당서울대학교병원에서 PET/CT 검사를 한 폐암 환자 20명(남:12명, 여:8명)을 대상으로 amplitude rang 15% 미만인 호흡이 안정한 환자군 10명 15%초과한 호흡이 불안정한 환자군 10명으로 나누어 비교분석하였다. 전체 환자에서 Non-gating 영상의 $SUV_{max}$는 $9.43{\pm}3.93$, $SUV_{mean}$은 $1.77{\pm}0.89$, Tumor Volume은 $4.17{\pm}2.41$로 측정되었고 기존 Gating 영상에서 $SUV_{max}$는 $10.08{\pm}4.07$, $SUV_{mean}$은 $1.75{\pm}0.81$, Tumor Volume은 $3.56{\pm}2.11$로 측정되었다. 그리고 추가 Lung gating 영상에서 $SUV_{max}$는 $10.86{\pm}4.36$, $SUV_{mean}$은 $1.77{\pm}0.85$, Tumor volume은 $3.36{\pm}1.98$을 얻었다. Non-gating 영상과 기존 Gating 영상, 그리고 기존 Gating 영상과 추가 Lung gating 영상을 비교했을 때 둘 다 $SUV_{mean}$ 값에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나(P>0.05) $SUV_{max}$와 Tumor volume에서 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). 그중 호흡이 안정한 환자군보다 호흡이 불안정한 환자군에서의 증감률이 더 크게 나타났다. Amplitude range 폭은 전체 20명 중 12명(Signal이 안정된 환자 3명 불안정한 환자 9명)이 추가 Lung gating을 했을 때 기존 Gating 영상보다 더 낮게 나타났다. 본 연구에 의하면 Flow mode를 적용하여 Respiration Gating Method로 촬영한 결과 추가적인 CT 촬영 없이 호흡으로 인해 발생하는 병변의 움직임을 보정해 주어 $SUV_{max}$, Tumor volume을 Non-gating 영상보다 더 정확하게 측정할 수 있었다. 그리고 처음 Gating 할 때보다 추가 촬영 시 호흡의 안정에 따른 Amplitude range 폭의 낮아짐을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 Gating 영상이 Non-gating 영상보다 진단에 더 유용한 정보를 제공함을 알 수 있었고, Signal이 불규칙적인 환자에게 시간적 여유가 있다면 추가로 부분 촬영을 하는 것이 도움이 될 것이라고 사료된다.