• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제58권8호
• /
• pp.275-282
• /
• 2015

While the incidence of nephrotic syndrome (NS) is decreasing in Korea, the morbidity of difficult-to-treat NS is significant. Efforts to minimize treatment toxicity showed that prolonged treatment after an initial treatment for 2-3 months with glucocorticosteroids was not effective in reducing frequent relapses. For steroid-dependent NS, rituximab, a monoclonal antibody against the CD20 antigen on B cells, was proven to be as effective, and short-term daily low-dose steroids during upper respiratory infections reduced relapses. Steroid resistance or congenital NS are indications for genetic study and renal biopsy, since the list of genes involved in NS is lengthening.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.361-368
• /
• 2000

MET is one of the few physical therapy having its own criteria. Mr. Holten approached the Norwegian Health Authority in 1967 to get his MET System recognized as a treatment method of its own. He was granted his approval for his exercise system's specivic criteria connecteed with the treatment method. In MET, the patient exercises himself without manual participation by physiotherapists, however, under continuous supervision.. The apparatus should be designed that functional quality (arthrogenous, circulatory, respiratory, neuromuscular) in question is optimally influenced when the patient carries out exercise in a certain range against a graded resistance. The therapy reassesses the scheme of treatment at least every fifth session and the maximum number of patients being 5 person per hour. The important principles in medical exercise Therapy are stabilization of hyperfunction through the system of autostabilization and mobilization of hypofunction through automobilization. In MET excrcises are adjusted to the patient's reactions. MET equipment is therefore made to meet requirements for treating patients with painful pathological dysfunction in the musculo-skeletal system.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국응용약물학회 2008년도 Proceedings of the Convention
• /
• pp.23-30
• /
• 2008

Mitochondria biogenesis requires a coordination of two genomes, nuclear DNA (nDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Disruption of mitochondria function leads to a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP generating capacity and consequently results in chronic degenerative diseases including insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and neurodegenerative diseases. Although PPAR-${\gamma}$ coactivator-$1{\alpha}$ (PGC-$1{\alpha}$) was discovered as a central regulator of mitochondria biogenesis and a transcriptional co-activator of nuclear respiratory factor (NRF) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam), the expressions of PGC-$1{\alpha}$, NRF and Tfam were not significantly altered in tissues showing abnormal mitochondria functions. This observation suggests that there should be another regulator(s) for mitochondria function. Here, we demonstrate microRNAs (miRNAs) can modulate mitochondria function. Overexpression of microRNA dissipated mitochondrial membrane potential and increased ROS production in vitro and in vivo. It will be discussed the target of microRNA and its role in metabolic syndrome.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제44권2호
• /
• pp.329-337
• /
• 1997

연구배경 : 기관내관의 삽관은 상기도 저항을 증가시켜 환자의 호흡 일을 증가시키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 기계 호흡으로부터 이탈 시 기관내관을 제거한 후에 오히려 호흡곤란이 증가하여 호흡 부전이 발생하기도 하므로 기관내관의 제거 후 호흡 일의 변화를 알아보고 이러한 호흡 일의 변화와 관련된 호흡역학적 지표들과의 상관 관계를 조사하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 기계 호흡 치료 후 기저 질환이 호전되어 호흡 부전으로부터 회복된 34명의 환자를 대상으로 기관내관 제거 직전, 제거 직후 및 48시간 까지 호흡 일과 호흡 역학적 지표들을 추적 관찰 하였다. 결 과 : 기관내관 제거 직전에 비해 직후 호흡 일이 감소한 환자는 33%(11/34), 변화 없는 환자는 41%(14/34), 증가한 환자는 26%(9/34)였다. 기관내관 제거 후 48시간 이내 기계 호흡의 보조나 다시 기관내관의 삽관을 받은 이탈 실패 환자는 3군(호흡 일이 증가된 군)에서는 44.4%(4.9), 2군(변화 없는 군)에서는 28.6%(4/14), 1군(감소된 군)에서는 9%(1/11)에서 발생하였다. 기관내관 제거 후 호흡 일의 변화는 주로 평균 기도 저항의 변화와 정 상관 관계를 보였다. 기관내관 제거 후 호흡 일이 증가한 환자군 중에서 48시간까지 호흡일이 측정된 3명의 환자에서 호흡 일과 평균 기도저항은 6시간까지 일률적으로 증가하였으며 24시간 후에는 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 결 론 : 기계 호흡 치료를 받은 환자들에서 기관내관 제거 직후 가역적인 호흡 일의 증가가 나타날 수 있으며 이는 주로 평균 기도 저항의 증가에 기인하는 것으로 사료되었다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제51권5호
• /
• pp.416-425
• /
• 2001

연구배경 : 지역 3차 진료기관으로 의뢰된 폐결핵환자의 약제내성률을 과거의 치료력, 흉부 방사선 소견의 차이에 따라서 조사하고, 향후 치료에 도움이 되는 지표를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1997년 5월부터 2000년 6월까지 객담 배양검사 양성으로 폐결핵으로 진단받는 138명의 환자를 대상으로 결핵약제 내생검사를 후향적으로 조사하여 결핵 약제내성률과 과거 치료 병력, 흉부 방사선 사진상 폐침범 정도와 공동 유무 등의 관계를 조사하였다. 결 과 : 총 138명의 환자 중 39.9%(55 명)가 1 지 이상 약제 내성을 보였으며 24.6%(34명)가 INH와 RFP에 동시내성올 보였다. 과거 받지 않았던 초치료 환자가 91명이었으며, 이 중 한가지 이상 약제에 대한 내성률이 22%(20 명)이었으며, 다제내성률은 9.9%(9명)였다. 재치료 환자는 47명이었으며 그중 74.5%(32명)가 약제내성 이었으며 다제내성률은 53.2%(25명)이었다. INH에 대한 약제내성은 34.1%로 가장 높았고 RFP 26.1%, PZA 16.7%, EMB 14.5%, SM 12.3%, 및 PAS 8.7% 순이었다. 일차 약제인 INH, RFP, EMB 및 PZA에 대한 약제내성률은 과거 치료 병력이 있는 경우에 의미있게 높았다(p<0.05). 이차약제인 PAS, KM, OFX도 내성률이 재치료군에서 의미 있게 높았다(p<0.01). 흉부방사선에 의한 중증도 분류에서 중증에서 공동이 있는 환자군에서 INH 및 RFP의 풍시 내성률이 의미있게 높은 결과를 보였다(p<0.05). 다변량 분석에서 INH, RFP, PZA 및 INH와 RFP의 내성은 재치료군에서 odds ratio가 각각 9.43, 9.09, 8.93 및 10.53으로 내성률이 의미 있게 높았다(p<0.01). 공동이 있을 경우 odds ratio는 단변량분석시는 INH, RFP 및 INH와 RFP에 내생률이 의미 있게 높았으나 다변량분석시는 RFP, INH와 RFP만 의미있게 보였다. 결해의 방사선 침범정도에 따른 odds ratio는 RFP, INH와 RFP이 의미 있게 높은 결과를 보였으나, 다변량분석시는 의미있는 차이가 없었다. 결 론 : 초치료 또는 재치료 결핵환자들의 약제내성률은 전국 평균치보다 훨씬 높았다. 다제내성의 빈도도 높았다. 약제내성을 예측하는 지표로서 과거치료병력 뿐 아니라 흉부 방사선 사진상의 공동의 유무도 유용한 것으로 생각되지만, 흉부 방사선 사진상의 폐 침법 정도의 약제내성 예측능에 대해서는 좀 더 광범위한 환자를 대상으로 하는 추후 연구를필요로 한다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.364-374
• /
• 1980

Twenty-two patients were selected for evaluation of pre-and postoperative pulmonary function. These patients were performed open cardiac surgery with the extracorporeal circulation from March 1979 to July 1980 at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyungbook National University Hospital. Patients were classified with ventricular septal defect 5 cases, atrial septal defect 5 cases, tetralogy of Fallot 5 cases, mitral stenosis 4 cases, rupture of aneurysm of sinus Valsalva 1 case, left atrial myxoma I case, and aortic insufficiency 1 case. The pulmonary function tests were performed and listed: [1] respiratory rate, tidal volume [TV], and minute volume[MV], [2] forced vital capacity [FVC] and forced expiratory volume[FEV 0.5 & FEV 1.0], [3] forced expiratory flow [FEF 200-1200 ml & FEF 25-75%]. [4] Maximal voluntary ventilation [MVV], [5] residual volume [RV] and functional residual capacity[FRC], measured by a helium dilution technique. Respiratory rate increased during the early postoperative days and tidal volume decreased significantly. These values returned to the preoperative levels after postoperative 5-6 days. Minute volume decreased slightly, but essentially unchanged. Preoperative mean values of the forced vital capacity, functional residual capacity and total lung capacity decreased [63.2%, 87.2% & 77.3% predicted, respectively], and early postoperatively these values decreased further [19.6%, 76.0% & 38.0% predicted], but later progressively increased to the preoperative levels. In residual volume, there was no decline in the preoperative mean values [100.9% predicted] and postoperatively the value rather increased [106.3-161.7% predicted]. Forced expiratory volume [FEV 0.5 & FEV 1.0] and forced expiratory flow [FEF 200-1200 ml & FEF 25-75%] also revealed significant declines in the early postoperative period. There was no significant difference in values of the spirometric pulmonary function tests, such as FEF 1.O and FEF 25-75% between successful weaning group [17 cases] extubated within 24 hrs post-operatively and unsuccessful weaning group [5 cases] extubated beyond 24 hrs. Static compliance and airway resistance measured for the two cases during assisted ventilation, however, any information was not obtained. Long term follow-up pulmonary function studies were carried out for 8 cases in 9 months post-operatively. All of the results returned to the pre-operative or to normal predicted levels except FVC, FEV 1.0, and FEF 25-75% those showed minimal declines compared to the pre-operative figures.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제62권5호
• /
• pp.437-440
• /
• 2007

기관절개술은 가장 오래된 수술기술 중의 하나로 상기도 폐쇄의 경감, 장기간의 기계호흡유지, 보조적 기계호흡시에 기도 저항의 감소 등의 목적으로 시행할 수 있다. 기관절개술에 따른 초기합병증으로는 기흉, 피하조직기종, 절개부위 출혈, 종격동 기종, 흡인, 기관절개 관 전위 등을 들 수 있다. 수술에 따른 피하조직기종과 기흉은 0.9-5%에서 보고되었다. 본 증례에서는 기관절개술 직후에 피하조직기종과 양측 폐에서 발생한 긴장성 기흉을 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제38권4호
• /
• pp.357-371
• /
• 1991

To identify the pathogenetic role of reactive oxygen free radical-induced oxidation reaction in endotoxin-induced acute lung injury, we infused endotoxin into 8 domestic pigs; endotoxin only (n=3), pretreatment with dimethylthiourea (DMTU) (n=5). We observed the sequential changes in hemodynamic parameters, the concentration of plasma oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in pulmonary arterial and venous blood, and albumin content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The results were as follows. 1) While cardiac output decreased, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, and alveolar-arterial oxygen difference increased over phase 1 (0-2 hr) and phase 2 (2-4.5 hr) by endotoxin, DMTU attenuated the above changes only during phase 2. 2) While the concentration of plasma GSSG increased significantly by endotoxin during phase 2, there were no significant differences between pulmonary arterial and venous GSSG contents during both phases. The increase in plasma GSSG content was attenuated by DMTU. 3) The content of BALF albumin was significantly lower in DMTU group than that of endotoxin group. These results suggest that reactive oxygen free radical-induced oxidation reaction may have an important pathogenetic role in endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in pigs, which seems to be greater during phase 2 rather than phase 1.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제55권2호
• /
• pp.42-47
• /
• 2012

$Mycoplasma$ $pneumoniae$ (MP), the smallest self-replicating biological system, is a common cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections, leading to a wide range of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations. MP pneumonia has been reported in 10 to 40% of cases of community-acquired pneumonia and shows an even higher proportion during epidemics. MP infection is endemic in larger communities of the world with cyclic epidemics every 3 to 7 years. In Korea, 3 to 4-year cycles have been observed from the mid-1980s to present. Although a variety of serologic assays and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques are available for the diagnosis of MP infections, early diagnosis of MP pneumonia is limited by the lack of immunoglobulin (Ig) M antibodies and variable PCR results in the early stages of the infection. Thus, short-term paired IgM serologic tests may be mandatory for an early and definitive diagnosis. MP infection is usually a mild and self-limiting disease without specific treatment, and if needed, macrolides are generally used as a first-choice drug for children. Recently, macrolide-resistant MP strains have been reported worldwide. However, there are few reports of apparent treatment failure, such as progression of pneumonia to acute respiratory distress syndrome despite macrolide treatment. The immunopathogenesis of MP pneumonia is believed to be a hyperimmune reaction of the host to the insults from MP infection, including cytokine overproduction and immune cell activation (T cells). In this context, immunomodulatory treatment (corticosteroids or/and intravenous Ig), in addition to antibiotic treatment, might be considered for patients with severe infection.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.19-28
• /
• 2000

There are several main antibacterial susceptibility tests, such as agar dilution method, broth dilution method and disk diffusion technique. Especially, for minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) test, agar dilution method has been widely used. But that method is so complicated and bothering that it's difficult to treat a large amount of strains. On the other hand, modified broth dilution method(add 1% glucose and 0.018% phenol red as a pH indicator to broth) is fast and easy to perform. Most of all, it can visualize the result by color. The MICs of 22 antibiotics Including penicillins, aminoglycosides, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, lincomycin, ceftiofur, vancomycin and quinolones, erythromycin, colistin. sul-fadimethoxine, trimethoprim for arcanobacterium pyogenes 14 strains, actinobacillus pleuropneu-moniae 41 strains and pasteurella multocida 37 strains, which were collected from porcine during 1996 ∼ 1999, were determined by modified broth dilution method. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was highly susceptible to all kinds of quinolones such as ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and norfloxacin and to all aminoglycosides, like gentamicin, apramycin, kanamycin and ampicillin, cephalothin and ceftiofur. But It was quite resistant to solfadimethoxin, colistin and vancomycin. Pasteurella multocida was found to have high susceptibility to ampicillin, cephalothin, chlorampenicol and gentamicin but had mid-degree susceptibility to other aminoglycosides. In addition, it was susceptible to norfloxacin and nalidixic acid, but not to newer fluoroquinolone like ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin and it was resistant to colistin and kanamycin. Arcanobacterium pyogenes was highly susceptible to most of quinolones such as cipoofloxacin, enrofloxacin and norfloxacin and gentamicin and penicillin G. But it also obtained high resistance against the early quinolone, nalidixic acid and aminoglycosides such as amikacin, apramycin and kanamycin and erythromycin, chlorampenicol, tetracyclin and vancomycin.