• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.5037-5041
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• 2015

Background: An hCG regression curve has been used to predict the natural history and response to chemotherapy in gestational trophoblastic disease. We constructed hCG regression curves in high-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) treated with EMA/CO and identified an optimal hCG level to detect EMA/CO resistance in GTN. Materials and Methods: Eighty-one women with GTN treated with EMA/CO were classified as primary high-risk GTN (n = 65) and single agent-resistance GTN (n = 16). The hCG levels prior to each course of chemotherapy were plotted in the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles to construct the hCG regression curves. Diagnostic performance was evaluated for an optimal cut-off value. Results: The median hCG levels were 264,482 mIU/mL mIU/mL and 495.5 mIU/mL mIU/mL for primary high-risk GTN and single agent-resistance GTN, respectively. The 50th percentile of the hCG level in primary high-risk GTN and single agent-resistance turned to normal before the 4th and the 2nd course of chemotherapy, respectively. The 90th percentile of the hCG level in primary high-risk GTN and single agent-resistance turned to normal before the 9th and the 2nd course of chemotherapy, respectively. The hCG level of ${\geq}118.6mIU/mL$ mIU/mL at the 5thcourse of EMA/CO predicted the EMA/CO resistance in primary high-risk GTN patients with a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 100%. Conclusion: EMA/CO resistance in primary high-risk GTN can be predicted by using an hCG regression curve in combination with the cut-off value of 118.6 mIU/mL at the 5thcourse of chemotherapy.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2013

The use of concrete filling offers a practical alternative for achieving the required stability of steel Hollow Structural Section (HSS) columns under fire conditions. However, current methods for evaluating fire resistance of Concrete Filled Hollow Structural Steel (CFHSS) columns are highly conservative as they are based on an elemental approach without due consideration to structural interactions that occur in framed structural systems. To overcome this limitation, a system level fire resistance analysis was carried out by treating CFHSS columns as part of an overall structural frame. In this analysis, an eight story steel-framed building was modeled under a range of standard and performance-based fire scenarios (including multi-story progressive burn-out fires) to evaluate the contribution of various structural members/assemblies to overall fire resistance. One of the primary factors considered was the use of concrete filling in HSS columns as an alternative to standard W-shape columns. Results from the analysis indicate that the use of CFHSS columns, in place of W-shape columns, in a performance-based environment can fully eliminate the need for applied fire protection to columns, while providing the required level of structural fire resistance.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.311-316
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between birth weight and appetite related hormones, insulin resistance, and antioxidant status in overweight children aged 9-10 years. Thirty-four healthy overweight children (18 boys, 16 girls) were evaluated with respect to anthropometric measurement, lipid profiles, leptin, ghrelin, glucose, insulin, C-peptide, lipid soluble vitamins, and antioxidant enzyme activities. I found that birth weight was negatively correlated with insulin resistance parameters, ghrelin, and coenzyme Q10 levels. There was a significant positive correlation between present BMI and leptin level, while a negative correlation was noted between the BMI and $\alpha$-tocopherol and lycopene levels. When total subjects were classified into three groups by tertiles of birth weight, the lowest tertile of birth weight (LTB) group showed higher levels of fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, and ghrelin level than the highest tertile of birth weight (HTB) groups. On the other hand, HTB group showed an increased oxidative stress (decreased coenzyme Q10 level and catalase activity) compared to the LTB group. In conclusion, plasma ghrelin level might play an important role in accelerated growth in overweight children with LTB. Increased insulin resistance is present in overweight children with LTB, while decreased coenzyme Q10 and catalase activity in overweight children with HTB. These results suggest that birth weight might be an important factor for determination of treatment for obesity related complications in childhood obesity.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.125-135
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• 1998

The shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) by AC power source was performed to evaluate the arc stability by arc monitoring and analysing. In this study, the arc stability index was evaluated quantitatively by using he coefficient of resistance variation for welding time. This coefficient was obtained for the long time (20sec.) by analysing the waveforms of welding current, voltage and resistance. The coefficient was applied to indicate numerically the variation level of arc length and the degree of arc extinction. Using the coefficient of resistance variation in practical welding, the arc stability of the high titanium oxide electrode (KS E4313) turned out to be better than that of the low hydrogen electrode (KS E4316). In evaluating the skill level of welders by the coefficient, the horizontal fillet weaving welding became clear to be very discriminating because the higher level welder could weave in keeping constant arc length, but the lower level welder showed the characteristics of weaving with the unstable arc length. And it was confirmed that the welding defects as blow holes was formed when the arc stability index were high.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.600-607
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• 2020

Phytophthora capsici Leonian is a major pathogen of pepper worldwide and few resistance sources to this pathogen have been identified so far. The goals of this study were to identify new sources of resistance against P. capsici in Capsicum landraces and analyze the relationship between the resistance indicator of plant symptoms and some plant phenotype parameters of plant height, stem width, leaf length and leaf width. Thirty-two landraces of pepper were collected from fourteen states in Mexico. From each population, 36 plants were inoculated with 10,000 zoospores of P. capsici under controlled conditions. This experiment was repeated twice. Out of the 32 landraces, six showed high level of resistance, four showed intermediate resistance and five showed low level of resistance when compared with the susceptible control 'Bravo' and the resistant control 'CM334', indicating that these landraces are promising novel sources of resistance to P. capsici. There was no correlation between the symptoms and plant phenotype parameters. However, these parameters were not affected in the group classified as highly resistant, indicating that P. capsici does not affect the growing of these resistant pepper landraces. The other resistant groups were significantly affected in a differently manner regarding their phenotype, indicating that this pathogen reduce their growth in different ways. This study reports novel resistance sources with great potential that could be used in breeding programs to develop new pepper cultivars with durable resistance to P. capsici.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2012

서울의 한 종합병원에서 포도알균 임상균주들을 2003, 2005, 2006 및 2009년에 각각 100, 195, 151 및 112주를 수집하여 mupirocin 내성율 변화 추이를 분석하였다. Staphylococcus aureus의 mupirocin에 대한 고도내성(최소억제농도 ${\geq}512{\mu}g/ml$) 빈도는 감소 추세로 2005년 이후에는 나타나지 않았다. 반면 S. aureus의 저도내성(최소억제농도 $8-256{\mu}g/ml$)은 2005년까지 나타나지 않았으나 2006년부터 나타나기 시작하여 2009년에는 6.9%에 이르렀다. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS)의 전체적인 내성율은 S. aureus와 달리 상당히 높은 수준이었다. 2003년 CNS의 고도내성율은 16.0%이었으나 지속적으로 상승하여 2009년에는 31.5%에 이르렀다. CNS의 저도내성율은 2003년 8.0%이었고 이후 11% 정도의 일정 수준을 나타내었다. 모든 고도내성 균주들에서 ileS-2의 존재가 확인되었으며, 모든 저도내성 균주들에 대하여 ileS 유전자의 염기서열을 분석한 결과, 저도내성의 원인으로 알려진 V588F 변이가 공통적으로 발견되었다. 이외에도 S. aureus에서 V458G, 그리고 CNS에서 D172A, Y490H, I750V 변이들이 새로 발견되었다. Mupirocin 내성 균주들의 oxacillin 및 피부감염 치료에 사용되는 주요 외용 항생물질들에 대한 내성율을 측정한 결과, 고도내성인 S. aureus 1주는 이들 모든 항생물질에 내성이었고 저도내성인 S. aureus 10주는 fusidic acid를 제외한 모든 항생물질에 내성이었다. Mupirocin에 고도내성(61주) 및 저도내성(27주)인 CNS 균주들은 감수성인 CNS 균주들(167주)보다 이들 항생물질에 대하여 상당히 높은 내성율을 보였다. 따라서 포도알균에 의한 피부감염의 효과적인 치료를 위해선 mupirocin 내성 균주의 출현을 방지해야 한다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of the resistance levels on the muscle activities around the hip and spine during bridge exercise with hip abduction resistance in patients with chronic back pain. METHODS: A cross-over study design was used. Twenty subjects with low back pain were enrolled in this study. The subjects performed bridge exercises with hip abduction resistances (20 mmHg, 40 mmHg, and 60 mmHg). A Narrow Sling was used to provide resistance. Surface electromyography was used to measure the activity of the erector spinae, biceps femoris, gluteus maximus, and gluteus medius. RESULTS: The muscle activity of the gluteus maximus and gluteus medius increased significantly with increasing resistance levels. There was a significant difference in the muscle activity of the biceps femoris with a resistance level between 20 mmHg and 40 mmHg, but there was no significant difference in the other resistance levels. There was no significant difference according to resistance level in the erector spinae. The muscle activity ratios of the gluteus medius/erector spinae and gluteus maximus/erector spinae increased significantly with increasing resistance strength. CONCLUSION: The different levels of abduction resistance for hip abduction during bridge exercise will help activate the gluteus maximus selectively in patients with chronic back pain.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2001

Insect pests can be controlled through direct application of insecticides. Insect control by residual protectants is relatively inexpensive and has an advantage of destroying all stages of infestations. The efficacy of control is largely determined by the concentration of insecticides to which the pest species is exposed. A reduction in the period of control in the field afforded by a specific level of a protectant indicates that resistance has developed. An increase in the level of protectant is required to maintain control, and the efficacy of currently used insecticides has been severely reduced by insecticide resistance in pest species. Development of resistance to particular insecticide varies with species because insecticide resistance is often correlated with increased levels of certain enzymes, which are cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases, glutathione S-transferases and esterases. Some sections of insecticide molecules can be modified by one or more of these primary enzymes. A reduction in the sensitivity of the action site of a xenobiotic also constitutes a mechanism of resistance. Acetylcholinesterase is a major target site for insecticide action, as are axonal sodium ion channels and ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid receptors. Development of reduced sensitivity of these target sites to insecticides usually occurs. This review not only may contribute to a better understanding of insecticide resistance, but also illustrates the gaps still present for a full biochemical understanding of the resistance.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.23-31
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• 1994

A theoretical scaling was made in order to acquire the ice resistance of ships in level ice. Ice resistance of ice-breaker Ermak was calculated by Kashteljan eequation and it's model test results were compared with full-scale measurements. Atkins's ice number and Norman Jones's dimensionless numbers were investigated and discussed.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.351-355
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• 2019

무공케이슨 방파제의 한계상태설계를 위한 하중저항계수를 제시하였다. 전국 항만의 16개 방파제에 대한 신뢰성해석을 수행하여 부분안전계수를 산출하였으며 이를 하중과 저항계수로 전환하였다. 개별적으로 구한 하중저항계수에 최적화기법을 적용하여 최종 하중저항계수를 보정하였다. 최종적으로 얻은 하중저항계수를 이용하여 방파제를 재설계한 후 목표수준을 만족하는지 검증하였다. 목표신뢰도수준의 변화에 따른 하중저항계수를 제시하여 한계상태설계가 용이하도록 하였다.