• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권16호
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• pp.7179-7188
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• 2015

Cancer is a major health obstacle around the world, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) as major causes of morbidity and mortality. Nowadays, there isgrowing interest in the therapeutic use of natural products for HCC and CRC, owing to the anticancer activity of their bioactive constituents. Boswellia serrata oleo gum resin has long been used in Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine to alleviate a variety of health problems such as inflammatory and arthritic diseases. The current study aimed to identify and explore the in vitro anticancer effect of B. Serrata bioactive constituents on HepG2 and HCT 116 cell lines. Phytochemical analysis of volatile oils of B. Serrata oleo gum resin was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Oleo-gum-resin of B. Serrata was then successively extracted with petroleum ether (extract 1) and methanol (extract 2). Gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis of the lipoidal matter was also performed. In addition, a methanol extract of B. Serrata oleo gum resin was phytochemically studied using column chromatography (CC) and thin layer chromatography (TLC) to obtain four fractions (I, II, III and IV). Sephadex columns were used to isolate ${\beta}$-boswellic acid and identification of the pure compound was done using UV, mass spectra, $^1H$ NMR and $^{13}C$ NMR analysis. Total extracts, fractions and volatile oils of B. Serrata oleo-gum resin were subsequently applied to HCC cells (HepG2 cell line) and CRC cells (HCT 116 cell line) to assess their cytotoxic effects. GLC analysis of the lipoidal matter resulted in identification of tricosane (75.32%) as a major compound with the presence of cholesterol, stigmasterol and ${\beta}$-sitosterol. Twenty two fatty acids were identified of which saturated fatty acids represented 25.6% and unsaturated fatty acids 74.4% of the total saponifiable fraction. GC/MS analysis of three chromatographic fractions (I,II and III) of B. Serrata oleo gum resin revealed the presence of pent-2-ene-1,4-dione, 2-methyl- levulinic acid methyl ester, 3,5- dimethyl- 1-hexane, methyl-1-methylpentadecanoate, 1,1- dimethoxy cyclohexane, 1-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl)benzene and 17a-hydroxy-17a-cyano, preg-4-en-3-one. GC/MS analysis of volatile oils of B. Serrata oleo gum resin revealed the presence of sabinene (19.11%), terpinen-4-ol (14.64%) and terpinyl acetate (13.01%) as major constituents. The anti-cancer effect of two extracts (1 and 2) and four fractions (I, II, III and IV) as well as volatile oils of B. Serrata oleo gum resin on HepG2 and HCT 116 cell lines was investigated using SRB assay. Regarding HepG2 cell line, extracts 1 and 2 elicited the most pronounced cytotoxic activity with $IC_{50}$ values equal 1.58 and $5.82{\mu}g/mL$ at 48 h, respectively which were comparable to doxorubicin with an $IC_{50}$ equal $4.68{\mu}g/mL$ at 48 h. With respect to HCT 116 cells, extracts 1 and 2 exhibited the most obvious cytotoxic effect; with $IC_{50}$ values equal 0.12 and $6.59{\mu}g/mL$ at 48 h, respectively which were comparable to 5-fluorouracil with an $IC_{50}$ equal $3.43{\mu}g/mL$ at 48 h. In conclusion, total extracts, fractions and volatile oils of B. Serrata oleo gum resin proved their usefulness as cytotoxic mediators against HepG2 and HCT 116 cell lines with different potentiality (extracts > fractions > volatile oil). In the two studied cell lines the cytotoxic acivity of each of extract 1 and 2 was comparable to doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil, respectively. Extensive in vivo research is warranted to explore the precise molecular mechanisms of these bioactive natural products in cytotoxicity against HCC and CRC cells.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1325-1330
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• 2009

A general method has been developed for the solid phase synthesis of drug-like 7-aryl-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-3(4H)- one derivatives 6. The method relies on a novel, microwave irradiation promoted cyclization reaction of the BOMBA resin bound, N-substituted-$\alpha$-(2-chloro-4-bromophenoxy)acetamide 3 that takes place via a Smiles rearrangement. The 7-bromobenzo[1,4]oxazine 4, produced in this process is converted to 7-aryloxazin analogs 5 by utilizing Suzuki coupling with various substituted arylboronic acids. Finally, the target 7-aryl-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-3(4H)-ones 6 are liberated from the resin by treatment with 5% TFA. The progress of the reactions involved in this preparative route can be monitored by using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy on a single bead. The target compounds, obtained by using this five-step sequence, are produced in high yields and purities.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제33권4호통권132호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 변색균, 선발된 Albino 균주(BSFcs-1) 및 Cartapip 균주를 접종시킨 소나무재 및 리기다소나무재의 추출물함량 및 추출물성분의 화학적 조성 변화를 조사하였다. 청변균처리에 의하여 아세톤추출물의 함량이 급격히 감소되었는데, 무처리재의 추출물함량이 3주간의 천연노화처리로 약 20% 감소되었으며, 변색균, Albino균주(BSFcs-1) 및 Cartapip균주처리로 소나무재의 경우 25.1~30.4%의 추출물이 감소하였다. 한편 리기다소나무의 경우는 추출물 함량이 22.9~28.1% 감소되었다. 처리전 및 처리후의 추출물의 조성변화를 분석한 결과, 소나무재와 리기다소나무재 모두 자연노화 및 변색균처리로 그 함량이 낮아졌다. 추출물조성을 살펴보면 fatty acids와 sterols은 3주간 자연노화처리로 10.6~11.2%, 변색균처리로 36~41.1%의 높은 감소율을 나타냈다. 또한 triglycerides도 3주간 자연노화처리로 5.68~9.4%, 변색균처리로 38.5~40.0% 높은 감소율을 나타냈다. Resin acids의 경우 3주간 자연노화처리로 6.1~11.3%, 변색균처리로 36~41.5%의 감소율을 나타냈다. 추출물함량에 있어서 변색균과 선발된 무색균주(albino균주) 간에는 큰 차이가 없었다. 본 연구로부터 목재변색을 생물학적으로 방제할 목적으로 국내에서 선발된 albino균주(BSFcs-1)가 추출물함량을 효과적으로 감소시키는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.976-985
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• 2010

In this study, characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from Lake Paldang and seven other DOM sources (lake plankton, plants, soil, composite, treated sewage) were studied using XAD resin fractionation and 28-day microbial incubation experiment. Distribution patterns of DOM-fractions, which include hydrophilic acids (HiA), hydrophilic bases (HiB), hydrophilic neutrals (HiN), hydrophobic acids (HoA), hydrophobic neutrals (HoN) and the extent of DOM biodegradation (i.e., biodegradability) were different depending on the origins of the DOM samples. The DOM distribution pattern and the biodegradability were found to be effective for distinguishing the different DOM sources. The biodegradability (%) had negative correlations with the content (%) of hydrophobic fractions (Ho) and specific UV absorbance of DOM, which indicate that the Ho fractions contain more aromatic carbon structures and relatively stable during biodegradation, irrespective of the sources. To gain additional insight into the microbial transformation of the DOM, we also investigated the changes in the fraction's distribution for plankton, leaf litter and composite samples after the incubation. The results showed that biodegradation of hydrophilic fraction (Hi) causes an increase in the proportion of Ho (HoA, HoN), while biodegradation of HoA increases the HoN production.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.354-360
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• 1972

방사성의 $Ba^{++}, Sr^{++}, Ca^{++}$ 이온과 양이온 교환수지를 이용한 평형교환법에 의하여 알칼리토류 금속이온과 2염기 유기산 이온사이에 어떤 착물이 형성되는가를 실온에서 조사하였다. 유기산으로써 썩신산과 타르타르산을 사용하였고, 용매로서는 $H_2O$, 20% 아세톤-$H_2O$ 및 20% 에탄올-$H_2O$를 사용하였다. 용액의 pH 는 7.2∼7.4로 조절하였고 용액의 이온 강도는 약 0.1로 조절하였다. 본 연구결과 알칼리토류 금속이온과 썩신산 또는 타르타르산 사이에 1:1 착물이 용액내에서 형성됨을 알았고 또 착물의 상대적 안정도가 다음 순으로 증가함을 알았다. $Ba^{++}; 썩신산<타르타르산; 수용액<혼합용매

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.331-335
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• 1989

Polymer bound 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-oximinopyrazoles were prepared through a series of chemical modifications of Merrifield's resin (chloromethylpolystyrene-$1{\%}$ DVB-copolymer). Several polymer active esters of N-blocked amino acids were prepared from the polymer bound 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-oximinopyrazoles. Polymer bound active esters were found to be highly reactive in N-acylation reaction. The resins were tested for the preparation of several dipeptides. The peptides were obtained in high yields within 10 minutes and the progress of the reactions could be easily followed up by the color change of the resin. The resulting peptides were characterized by NMR and other physical methods.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.643-649
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• 2012

Coatings composited with alumina and Perfluoro alkoxyalkane (PFA) resin were deposited on stainless steel plate (SUS304) to further improve corrosion resistance. Plate (ca. $10{\mu}m$) and/or nanosize (27~43 nm) alumina used as inorganic additives were mixed in PFA resin to make alumina-fluoro composite coatings. These coatings were deposited on SUS304 plate with wet spray coating and then the film was cured thermally. According to the amount and ratio of the two kinds of alumina having plate morphology and nano size, corrosion resistance of the film was evaluated under strong acids (HF, HCl) and a strong base (NaOH). The film prepared with the addition of 5~10 wt% alumina powders in PFA resin showed corrosion resistance superior to that of pure PFA resin film. However, for the film prepared with alumina content above 10 wt%, the corrosion resistance did not improve with the physical properties, such as surface hardness and adhesion. The film prepared with plate/nanosize (weight ratio = 1/2) alumina especially enhanced the surface hardness and corrosion resistance. This can be explained as showing that the plate and the nanosize alumina dispersed in PFA resin effectively suppressed the penetration of cations and anions due to the long penetration length and fewer defects that accompany the improved surface hardness under a serious environment of 10% HF solution for over 120 hrs.

• 공업화학
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.93-97
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• 1999

불포화폴리에스테르 수지의 표면에너지를 저하시키기 위하여 실록산-에스터 공중합체를 소량 첨가하였다. 실록산-에스터 공중합체는 diol로써 ethylene glycol(EG)과 hydroxy terminated polydimethylsiolxane(PDMS)을, diacid로써 maleic anhydride (MA)와 phthalic anhydride (PA)를 축중합반응 시켜 합성하였다. 경화된 블렌드의 표면성질은 동적접촉각(dynamic contact angles)측정, 점착테이프의 peel 강도측정 및 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ESCA)등을 통하여 분석하였다. 블렌드에서 공중합체의 첨가량이 증가하고, 공중합체내의 PDMS 함량이 증가함에 따라 물에 대한 advancing 접촉각 및 receding 접촉각이 증가하였으며, 점착테이프의 peel 강도는 급격히 감소하였다. ESCA 분석결과 실록산 세그멘트가 공기쪽 표면층에 주로 존재하고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.6-12
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• 1963

Amino acid composition of Makjang was determined by combined usage of ion exchanged resin and paper chormatography in the following states. a. A fraction soluble in water b. Hydrolysate of the whole Makjang c. Same as a. (p.p.t. formed by tungstic acid or trichloroacetic acid being removed) d. Hydrolysate of c. (T and TCA) By comparing amino acid composition of Makjang with that of its raw material, we found that decomposition of essential amino acids during brewing is slight. From the amino acid composition of a,b,c,d, we discussed the ratio of amino acid liberation during brewing and assumed that Makjang contains peptide-like substances composing of glutamic acid and aspartic acid.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2002

The seasonal patterns of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in Lake Kasumigaura, a shallow, eutrophic lake, and serveral DOM sources in its catchment area were investigated. DOM was fractionated using three resin adsorbents into classes: aquatic humic substances (AHS=humic acid+fulvic acid), hydrophobic neutrals (HoN), hydrophilic acids (HiA), bases (BaS) and hydrophilic neutrals (HiN). The DOM produced significantly different fraction distributions depending on the origin of sample. AHS and HiA prevailed over AHS in the lake while AHS and HiA existed at almost the same concentration levels in the rivers. AHS seems to be a more dominant component in rever water than lake water. The dominance of organic acids was also observed in the DOM sources: forest stream (FS), plowed field percolate (PFP), domestic sewage (DS) and sewage treatment plant effluent (STPE).