• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.221-233
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• 2024

Lignin, a prominent constituent of woody biomass, is abundant in nature, cost-effective, and contains various functional groups, including hydroxyl groups. Owing to these characteristics, they have the potential to replace petroleum-based polyols in the polyurethane industry, offering a solution to environmental problems linked to resource depletion and CO₂ emissions. However, the structural complexity and low reactivity of lignin present challenges for its direct application in polyurethane materials. In this study, Kraft lignin (KL), a representative technical lignin, was fractionated with ethanol, an eco-friendly solvent, and mixed with conventional polyols in varying proportions to produce polyurethane films. The results of ethanol fractionation showed that the polydispersity of ethanol-soluble lignin (ESL) decreased from 3.71 to 2.72 and the hydroxyl content of ESL increased from 4.20 mmol/g to 5.49 mmol/g. Consequently, the polyurethane prepared by adding ESL was superior to the KL-based film, exhibiting improved miscibility with petrochemical-based polyols and reactivity with isocyanate groups. Consequently, the films using ESL as the polyol exhibited reduced shrinkage and a more uniform structure. Optical microscope and scanning electron microscope observations confirmed that lignin aggregation was lower in polyurethane with ESL than in that with KL. When the hydrophobicity of the samples was measured using the water contact angle, the addition of ESL resulted in higher hydrophobicity. In addition, as the amount of ESL added increased, an increase of 7.4% in the residual char was observed, and a 4.04% increase in Tmax the thermal stability of the produced polyurethane was effectively improved.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.13-28
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 초본계 바이오매스인 잔디 예지물의 혐기소화 원료 가치를 평가하기 위하여 잔디 3종 (Poa pratensis, PP; Zoysia japonica, ZJ; Agrostis stolonifera, AS)의 생화학적 메탄퍼텐셜을 측정하였으며, 사일리지 저장기간 (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180일)에 따른 잔디 예지물 (PP)의 생화학적 메탄퍼텐셜 변화를 분석하여 사일리지 저장기간이 잔디 예지물의 혐기소화에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 하였다. Parallel first-order kinetics model에 의한 생화학적 메탄퍼텐셜 (B_u-P)은 PP, ZJ, AS에서 각각 0.330, 0.297, 0.261 Nm³/kg-VS_added이었으며, PP의 잔디 예지물이 메탄생산을 위한 혐기소화 원료로서 가장 적합하였다. PP의 잔디 예지물 사일리지의 B_u-P는 저장기간 0일 0.269 Nm³/kg-VS_added에서 저장기간 180일 0.217 Nm³/kg-VS_added로 약 19% 감소하였다. 또한, 잔디 예지물 사일리지 저장기간 0일에 NDF, ADF, BP 함량은 각각 67.59, 39.68, 3.02%인 반면, 180일에는 각각 77.12, 54.65, 6.24%로 나타나 저장기간 180일에 잔디 예지물 사일리지에서 세포벽 구성 물질의 함량이 크게 증가하였다. 잔디 예지물을 효율적으로 혐기소화 하기 위해서는 사일리지 저장 방식 외에도 사일리지 제조과정에서 초기 수분함량, 효소 또는 알칼리 처리와 같은 전처리 방법, 잔류 농약에 의한 혐기소화 저해 영향 등에 관한 추가적인 연구가 요구된다.