• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.241-245
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• 2011

In this paper, when photovoltaic (PV) systems are connected to power distribution system, most effective capacity and connected-point of PV system are presented considering power distribution system reliability. The reliability model of PV system is presented considering the duration of sunshine. Also the model of time-varying load and reliability test system bus2 model are used. To simulate the effects of PV system, various cases are selected; (1) base case which is no connection of PV system to power distribution system when faults are occurred, (2) 3MW case which is 3[MW] connection of PV system (3) 4[MW] case, and (4) 20[MW] case which is 20[MW] connection of PV system to the bus of power distribution system. The capacity limit of connected PV system is settled to 14[MW] for all cases except case 4. The reliability for residential, general, industrial, and educational customer is evaluated.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.135-145
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• 2014

The present study surveys Bayesian modeling structure for inferences about transition probabilities of Markov chain. The motivation of the study came from the data that shows transitional behaviors of emotionally disturbed children undergoing residential treatment program. Dirichlet distribution was used as prior for the multinomial distribution. The analysis with real data was implemented in WinBUGS programming environment. The performance of the model was compared to that of alternative approaches.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.262-275
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• 2003

In this study, the characteristics of locational distribution of the eminent people show their socially and economically stabilized standing in Daegu, taking the aforesaid situation as a background of the study, and the process of this study is as follows ; to examine the forming process of residential areas in the city as a theoretical supporting, to put in order on classical interpretation to formation of residential areas, and general type modem residential areas formation, and economic decision factor of land use. Therefore, this study aims to examine growth and development of eminent persons' residential areas and, at the same time, extract locational characteristics through the pattern of eminent persons' location and predict changes in the future. Furthermore, a long-term development plan of Daegu is expected to contribute to completing formation of sub-centers as well as expanding metropolis areas. Recent efforts by the city government such as the ones to attract prestigious high schools in the upper city areas are also expected to bring out balanced development of the city.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.135-144
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• 2017

In addition to the well-known 'Frankfurt Kitchen', Austrian female architect Margarette $Sch{\ddot{u}}tte-Lihotzky^{\prime}s$ architectural achievements include a study on the housing for working class, contribution to the resident participation movement, the planning of multi-family housing complexes, rational floor plan design, and the design and study of interior spaces. The purpose of this study is to investigate how she, who played intermediate roles between an architect and a social reformer, reflected social issues and the demands of living on the housing plans in the Red Wien era and to discuss diverse issues of modern residential planning furthermore. In this study, first, the housing situation in Vienna immediately after World War I was grasped and the architectural and housing discourses at that time were examined. Thereafter, cases of $Sch{\ddot{u}}tte-Lihotzky^{\prime}s$ works were investigated and analyzed. In the period of transition to modern times, the concepts of residential planning of $Sch{\ddot{u}}tte-Lihotzky$, who began as a social democratic architect, often showed transitional tendencies in private and public functions of housing, spatial distribution for the daily life, and functions of modern family and home. However, thereafter, the paradigm of the rationalism-functionalism was already sprouting from her architectural and residential plans. In conclusion, it can be said that the works of $Sch{\ddot{u}}tte-Lihotzky$ has realized the social responsibility of residential planning and become a cornerstone of the later modern housing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.319-327
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• 2016

Korea faces a wide range of problems in areas such as safety, environment, and traffic due to the rapid economic development and urbanization process. Despite the local governments’ efforts to deal with electronic civil complaints and solve urban problems, civil complaints have been on the increase year by year. In this study, we collected civil complaint data over the last six years from a small and medium-sized city, Jinju-si. In order to conduct a spatial distribution pattern analysis, we indicated the location data on the area through Geocoding after classifying the reasons for civil complaints and then extracted the location data of the civil complaint occurrence spots in order to analyze the correlation between electronic civil complaints and land use. Results demonstrated that electronic civil complaints in Jinju-si were clustered in residential, central commercial, and residential-industrial mixed-use areas—areas where land development had been completed within the city center. After analyzing the civil complaints according to the land use, results revealed that complaints about illegal parking were the highest. Regarding the analysis results of facility distribution within a 50m radius from the civil complaint areas, civil complaints occurred a lot in detached housing areas located within the commercial and residential-industrial mixed-use areas. In the case of residential areas(old downtown), civil complaints were condensed in the areas with many ordinary restaurants. This research explored civil complaints in terms of the urban space and can be expected to be effectively utilized in finding solutions to the civil complaints

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.69-80
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• 2021

Purpose - This study investigated the development process of the Chinese distribution industry and analyzed the current status of China's offline and online distribution industries under the development process of the Chinese distribution industry. In addition, the current status of offline distributors in China and representative companies were analyzed as case studies. Research design, data, and methodology - This study analyzed the overall environment of the Chinese distribution industry by using literature data. Then, this study conducted a case analysis using RT Mart and Jingdong, major companies in the distribution industry. Result -The main research results of this study show that the Chinese distribution market has already matured, and retailers are fiercely competing to secure sales and operating profits through various methods such as finding new management methods, improving awareness and customer loyalty by expanding the number of stores. Conclusion -Recently, the characteristic of China's distribution industry is that the boundaries of distribution are breaking down. Chinese retailers are taking strategies to expand the scope of services by erasing the boundaries of distribution. In other words, distribution companies are promoting a borderless distribution strategy in which consumers purchase products online and offline without restrictions on time and space. In addition, small stores in residential areas are on the rise compared to large-scale stores in the city center. The existing distribution industry operates various types of distribution stores to prepare for the post-COVID-19 crisis.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.318-319
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• 2006

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.666-674
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to propose management strategies to lower the level of $PM_{10}$ concentration. First, this study analyzes the characteristics of particle sizes in three different areas, the residential, the roadside, and the industrial areas. Second, it has examined the size of particles which can influence on the increase of $PM_{10}$ concentration level. The distribution of particle size for $PM_{10}$ concentration was not different by regions. The highest portion in the observed $PM_{10}$ is near $0.3{\mu}m$. In addition, both near $2.5{\mu}m$ and near $5.0{\mu}m$ are found higher in portion. The fractions of $PM_{1.0}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ in $PM_{10}$ are 68.2% and 75.8% respectively. The fraction of $PM_{1.0}$ in $PM_{2.5}$ is 89.8%. The particle diameters contributed to the increase of $PM_{10}$ concentration are different by regions. In the residential area, the sizes of near $0.6{\mu}m$ and near $3.3{\mu}m$ particles are found to be the cause for the increase of $PM_{10}$ concentration level. However the particle sizes for the increase of $PM_{10}$ concentration level are $0.8{\mu}m$ and $0.5{\mu}m$ in roadside and industrial area respectively. Therefore, fine particles are found as the key factors to raise $PM_{10}$ concentration level in the two areas, while both fine and coarse particles are in the residential areas. When examined the $PM_{10}$ concentration level change, it was categorized by two different time zones, the high concentration level time and the lower concentration time. In high concentration time, the $PM_{10}$ concentration has increased in the morning in the residential and roadside areas. On the contrary, the level has increased in the evening in the industrial area. In low concentration time, the level of $PM_{10}$ concentration in the roadside area is significantly higher in the morning than the concentration level of other times. There is no significantly different concentration level found in the both residential and industrial areas throughout the day.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.78-81
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• 2006

In this paper, the investigation of characteristic impedance on low voltage distribution system is described The residential area of LV distribution systems is researched for the modeling. At frequency range from 1MHz to 30Mhz, the input characteristic impedances of low-voltage distribution network are obtained with experiments. The low-voltage distribution system based on the model is built at the laboratory building. S parameters are measured by performing experiments. Finally, the characteristic impedances are reported.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.387-392
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• 2006

The recent on indoor air problem has led to many studies on the methods and effects of ventilation for better indoor air quality. Although natural ventilation is the most effective and energy-saving method in residental housings, the small size of openable window has been a problem in high-rise residential buildings to ventilate only through natural ventilation. Consequently, the installation of mechanical ventilation system has been a requirement in residential buildings, and has caused other problems such as increase of energy consumption and SBS. Hybrid ventilation which uses forces of both natural and mechanical power has been introduced to solve the problem of increase in energy consumption with natural ventilation. In this paper, two types of hybrid ventilation systems in residential building were introduced. One type was with natural ventilation through vent grille in the window, and another type was with natural ventilation through ceiling duct while both types used mechanical ventilation system with the outlets. The indoor temperature distribution and pollution density distribution in summer while operating the ceiling air conditioner were analyzed through CFD simulation. In this paper, the optimal location of diffusers to achieve thermal comfort would be proposed.