• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to confirm the effects of flush-out on the reduction of Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs) concentration in newly built residential buildings. The field measurements were conducted in two complexes of multi-residential buildings which are located suburban areas of Seoul. About three samples of residential buildings were selected in the field measurements. Two samples, B and C, had been flush-out with outdoor air more than seven days. The sample A was maintained at same condition during the flush-out because of the comparison. The indoor concentrations of VOCs in the three samples were measured at three times, before, during, and after flush-out. From the field measurements, it was confirmed that two samples' indoor VOCs' concentrations were considerably decreased after the flush-out comapred with those of the sample A in which the flush-out was not conducted. The decreases of indoor VOCs concentrations were corresponding to about 50% ~ 92% of the concentrations of before. Through the reviews for the previous studies, it was also found that the reduction effects of the flush-out is similar with the those of the bake-out which were reported in the previous studies.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.861-871
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• 2014

This study analyzes the characteristics of ozone weekend effect(OWE) in Busan. $O_3$ concentration on Sunday was over 10% higher than that on weekdays in all areas except for Kwangbokdong, Taejongdae, and Joadong. Such a difference was higher in the industrial area than in the residential area. $O_3$ generation was facilitated by the decrease in $NO_X$ emission on Sunday in VOC-limited regime where the VOC/$NO_X$ ratio is low. Low NO concentration in the Sunday morning decreased inhibition of $O_3$. NO-$O_3$ crossover time on Sunday was shorter than that on weekdays which in turn extended the accumulated duration of $O_3$. Future studies can include whether the entire Busan is VOCS-limited or the coastal area is VOCS-limited while the inland area is $NO_X$-limited.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.162-169
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• 2016

When we construct a road near an apartment complex, we consider a soundproof wall. To make residential places quieter, we may consider a soundproof road tunnel. Such a tunnel, however, would become highly concentrated with soot from vehicles whenever a traffic jam might occur. To create an optimum design, this study utilizes the PHOENICS-VR software. The work considers three cases: (1) no openings (2) openings at 30m intervals, and (3) openings at 60m intervals on the upper side of the tunnel. The study finds that in the second case shows CO concentration distributions were 15% less than those without openings. And the CO concentration distributions of the second and third cases are almost the same. The findings suggest that we should make the soundproof tunnel to reduce construction fees.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.135-145
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• 1992

This study was carried out to find out some characteristic responses of biological samples under the exposure of trace metals with the considering of Sex, age, residence period and smoking. Blood, Urine and Hair were collected from 116 dwellers in the vicinity of a smelting factory. Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry and the following results were found important. 1) The concentrations of trace metals in the blood were 0.010+ 0.003 $\mu$g/ml in Cd, 0.82+ 0.11 $\mu$g/ml in Cu, 0.23_+ 0.13 $\mu$g/ml in Pb and 5.78_+ 1.43 $\mu$g/ml in Zn, those in the urine were 1.7_+ 1.7 $\mu$g/l in Cd, 16.5_+ 16.0 $\mu$g/l in Cu, 24.6_+ 23.0 $\mu$g/l in Pb and 367.7_+ 283.4 $\mu$g/l in Zn, and those in the hair were 0.52_+ 0.56 $\mu$g/g in Cd, 11.00_+4.01 $\mu$g/g in Cu, 8.53_+ 7.05 $\mu$g/g in Pb and 383.23_+ 110.56 $\mu$g/g in Zn. 2) In sex, the concentrations of Zn in the blood and urine of male were higher than those of female, however, the concentrations of Cd and Zn in the hair of female were higher than those of male. 3) The concentrations of Cd, Pb and Zn in the urine showed an increasing trend by age. 4) While the concentration of Cd in the urine increased, the concentration of Pb in the hair decreased by residential period in all the samples. 5) The concentrations of Cd and Zn in the blood and that of Zn in the urine of smoking group were higher than those of non-smoking group. The concentration of Pb in the blood of smoking group and those of Cd, Pb and Zn in the urine of non-smoking group showed increasing the trend by age. The concentrations of Cd and Zn in the urine of non-smoking group, the concentration of Zn in the hair of smoking group showed increasing trend by residential period, however, the concentrations of Pb in the blood and hair and that of Zn in the hair showed decreasing trend by residential period. 6) When the correlations of the concentrations between Zn (main smelting metal) and other metals were analyzed, Zn in the blood was significantly correlated with Cu, Pb and Zn in the urine (positively) and Zn in the urine was significantly correlated with Zn in the blood, Cd, Cu and Pb in the urine, and Pb in the hair (positively). Zn in the hair was significantly correlated with Cd in the urine and Cu in the hair (positively). 7) Consequently, it was useful to note that samples of urine showed higher sensitivity under the metal exposure than those of blood and hair in individual sampling. In addition, as trace metals showed higher accumulation in the hair of the groups, sampling of hair was more highly recommended than those of urine and blood in group sampling.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2015

Recently, natural disasters have unexpectedly occurred at various places in the world and the countermeasure of them become the social issues. Many of victims in disasters need temporary residential facilities above all things and many of researches have been conducted in order to develop simple, safe, and economic designs of them. Moreover, indoor thermal comfort and air quality must be considered in the facilities against a disaster, because clean and healthy space should be provided to the suffered victims. In this research, in order to estimate the indoor environment of the developed modular building for disaster preparation, CFD simulation was conducted in the various condition. In this paper, indoor air quality such as the age of air, the concentration of $CO_2$ was estimated by the case study

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2001

The study was conducted to measure the heavy metal pollution of soils at the playground for children and to investigate the characteristics of heavy metals distribution I city. The studied area was divided into two: the residential area and the industrial area. The samples of the sands and soils were collected from both areas. The results were obtained as follows. All average concentration of 6 different heavy metals was found to be lower than the standard of soil pollution. Zn, Pb and cu concentrations were higher than other species of heavy metals. The contents of heavy metals in the soil were higher than the sands. The average contents of Zn, Pb, Cu, As, Hg and Cd in soil were 38.36, 9.53, 7.31, 0.03, 0.18 and 0.09 mg/kg respectively. Comparing with the residential area, heavy metal concentrations of the industrial area were 4.60, 1.49, 2.60 and 4.29 times for Zn, Pb, Hg and Cd in soils, respectively.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.393-400
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• 2002

Separation distance between industrial source and residential areas to avoid odor annoyance was investigated using AUSPLUME model. A Gaussian plume model (AUSPLUME) for the dispersion was used to calculate odor emission from ground level area source. Using the dispersion model to calculate ambient odor concentrations, the separation distance between industrial source and residental areas was defined by %HA (percentage of highly annoyed person) and odor percentile concentration (C98). The result was compared with the separation distance of various nation guidelines for livestock buildings. The calculated separation distance for industrial source showed similar pattern comparing with various guidelines for livestock buildings.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.383-389
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• 2002

Odor sources of a chemical plant in Ulsan were surveyed and temperatures, humidities and flow rates of each exhaust gas were measured. The air samples collected from each source were transferred to the laboratory for sensory test and their odor concentrations were investigated. The odor emission rate of each source was estimated from the recorded results and assigned the sources expected to be needed for the odor prevention policy using the simple prediction equation of the affection by malodor to the nearest residential area. From the total odor emission rate of the examined plant and the relation table for expectable affection area it was concluded that total odor emission of this plant might be decreased for the prevention of residential complaint.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2020

현대사회의 도시화 추세가 지속됨에 따라 인구의 집중으로 주거환경에 대한 도시문제의 중요성이 대두되고 있다. 다양한 도시문제 중에서 대표적인 문제 중 하나는 쓰레기 문제로 시민들의 주거환경 악화의 원인이 되며 시정 만족도에 대해 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 요인이다. 이와 같은 쓰레기 문제는 단순히 주거지역의 쓰레기 배출량에 대한 분석으로는 정확히 예측할 수 없으며 쓰레기의 주거지역에 분포하고 있는 거주민의 생활양식과 특징에 대한 분석이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 주거지역 내의 거주민의 분포에 따라 발생할 수 있는 쓰레기 문제와 이에 대한 만족도 분석을 수행하기 위하여 이산사건 시스템 형식론을 활용한 에이전트 기반 거주민 모델링과 시뮬레이션 환경을 제안한다. 제안하는 연구는 주거민의 시계열적인 특성을 표현하기 위하여 원자모델을 사용하였으며 시뮬레이션 모델의 재사용성을 증대시키기 위한 결합모델을 사용하여 다가구와 다가구 주택을 모의하였다. 또한, 본 연구는 다가구 주택지역에 대한 시뮬레이션 모델링을 진행하고, 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 연구결과로 다가구 주택지역의 시뮬레이션에서는 거주민의 특성을 고려한 결과와 그렇지 않은 결과 사이에 뚜렷한 차이점을 발견할 수 있었으며 지역 문화적 특성과 시간적 특성을 고려한 시뮬레이션이 필요함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.284-292
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• 2018

The study investigated the concentrations of Pb in soil, air and fruit of C. sinensis in selected landuse types in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria. Five fruits of C. sinensis were collected randomly in residential, commercial, industrial and natural forest (control). The weight, length and width of the C. sinensis fruits were measured. A total of three soil samples were collected around the C. sinensis trees where the fruits were collected into well labeled polythene bags and thereafter taken to laboratory for analysis. Pb concentrations in C. sinensis and soil samples were analysed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The concentration of Pb in the air was measured for 14 days using Aeroquel 500. The significant relationship between Pb concentration in the C. sinensis fruits, soil and air was determined using Spearman's rank correlation. Findings showed that the mean weight and width of C. sinensis fruits were highest in the residential landuse while the mean length of C. sinensis fruits was highest in the industrial landuse. However, the mean Pb concentration in the C. sinensis fruit was highest in the industrial landuse ($0.46{\pm}0.15mg\;kg^{-1}$), commercial landuse ($0.33{\pm}0.09mg\;kg^{-1}$) and the least was found in the natural forest ($0.25{\pm}0.06mg\;kg^{-1}$). The mean Pb concentration in the soil was highest in the industrial landuse ($0.177{\pm}0.16mg\;kg^{-1}$) and commercial landuse ($0.121{\pm}0.10mg\;kg^{-1}$). However, the mean Pb concentration in the air was highest in the industrial landuse ($0.85{\pm}0.09mg\;kg^{-1}$) and followed by commercial landuse ($0.30{\pm}0.17mg\;kg^{-1}$). The correlations between the Pb concentration in the C. sinensis fruit and soil (r=0.768, p<0.05) and air (r=0.642, p<0.05) were significant. The study concluded that the Pb concentration in the C. sinensis fruits was higher than the WHO standard; hence people should be discouraged to consume them, especially those from the industrial and commercial areas.