• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.292-306
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to review the current state and characteristics of instruments used to assess individual understanding of the nature of science (NOS). This study conducted a series of content analyses of the articles published in a total of seven Korean and international journals from 1990 to 2009. A total of 99 research papers and assessment tools were categorized according to their features such as item type, the method of development, philosophical perspectives and others. So, evaluation domains of the instruments were also compared with the features of the NOS endorsed in some standards science education documents internationally well known, such as Benchmarks for Science Literacy (AAAS, 1993), National Science Education Standards (NRC, 1996). It was found that VNOS was the most frequently used instrument used for the last 20 years. There was a difference between characteristics of instruments used in Korean journals and these in international journal, such as philosophical perspectives, item type. Moreover, the results showed that there were only a few of instruments to ask about ethics of scientists, significance of science process skill and the context. NOS instruments focused only on limited aspects of NOS emphasized by the standard documents.

• 한국조사연구학회지:조사연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.43-68
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• 2008

이 연구는 생활시간 연구를 위한 두 도구를 비교한다. 시간일지와 경험표집법, 이전의 연구들이 이 두 도구가 집합적 측정치에서 유사하다는 것을 보여 왔지만, 각 도구의 개별기록의 일치율을 비교한 연구는 없었다. 이 두 도구에 모두 응답한, 시카고 대학의 알프레드 슬로안 센터에서 행해진 500가족 스터디의 일부 표본을 통하여, 이 연구는 두 도구를 비교하고 상대적 장단점을 평가하였다. 연구결과는 시간일지가 보다 덜 편향된 행동시간 측정치를 제공하는 데 반해, 경험표집법이 일상생활에 대해 보다 구체화된 서술을 가능하게 함을 시사하고 있다. 후속연구를 위한 함의가 논의되었다.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.23-40
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• 2023

Despite the growing interest and normative discussions on AI ethics, there is a lack of discussion on policy instruments that are necessary for companies to develop AI-based services in compliance with ethical principles. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore policy instruments that can encourage companies to voluntarily comply with and adopt AI ethical standards and self-checklists. The study reviews previous research and similar cases on AI ethics, conducts interviews with AI-related companies, and analyzes the data using AHP to derive action plans. In terms of desirability and feasibility, Research findings show that policy instruments that induce companies to ethically develop AI-based services should be prioritized, while regulatory instruments require a cautious approach. It was also found that a consulting support policy consisting of experts in various fields who can support the use of AI ethics, and support for the development of solutions that adhere to AI ethical standards are necessary as incentive policies. Additionally, the participation and agreement of various stakeholders in the process of establishing AI ethical standards are crucial, and policy instruments need to be continuously supplemented through implementation and feedback. This study is significant as it presents the necessary policy instruments for companies to develop ethical AI-based services through an analytical methodology, moving beyond discursive discussions on AI ethical principles. Further analysis on the effectiveness of policy instruments linked to AI ethical principles is necessary for establishing ethical AI-based service development.

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2001

This paper describes method to diagnose abiotic stresses such ad low root temperature, low light intensity and high salinity in cucumber plants with several physiological instruments. The stresses could be detected by measuring and analyzing the differences in chlorophyll content, temperature difference between leaf and atmosphere and light absorptance at wavelengths of 480, 560, 710, 1420 and 1650nm. It was concluded that the stresses could be first diagnosed from the 3rd to 10th day after treatment and the overall accuracy of diagnosis was estimated between 25 and 75%. near-infrared spectrometer showed better and earlier detection than the other instruments investigated.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.250-260
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• 2013

Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyze the current status of the possession of measurement and analytical instruments among work environment monitoring organizations that have been designated by the Ministry of Employment and Labor (MoEL) in Korea. Methods: Data for measurement and analytical instruments were gathered by inspectors who had been assigned by the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) and MoEL during the evaluation program for designated work environment monitoring service providers in 2012. Data for 11 monitoring instruments and nine analytical instruments were collected from 108 organizations. Basic data such as the type of service provides and the size of employment were also recorded by the inspector. Results: The total number of personal air samplers including high and low flow rates operated in Korea was 5,418, with average of 50.2. Average operation number of noise dosimeters was 35.0, while 3,780 dosimeters were used in 108 work environment monitoring organizations. There were 10,488 monitoring instruments in total. All service providers possessed at least one AAS and GC in their analytical laboratory. Total number of HPLC/MS was five, followed by ICP/MS of seven, with an average of 0.07. Conclusions: Based on the data, domestic work environment monitoring service providers possessed relatively reasonable measurement and analytical instruments. Nearly all instruments had been imported from advanced countries such as USA, UK and Japan. Periodic gathering of data on these instruments may help maintain good workplace monitoring results and the health of workers at the sites.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.642-649
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• 2001

정밀부품이나 기기는 개발과정이나 완료단계에서 부적절한 설계에 의하여 발생할지도 모르는 잠재적인 결함을 방지하기 위하여 시험평가를 실시하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 신뢰성 기술 분야의 기초가 되는 환경시험기술을 소개하였으며 엔코더, 교통신호제어기, 계측기기 및 위성항법 수신기 등 제품단위의 대상품에 대한 시험조건 및 방법 등을 기술하고 시험사례를 보고하였다. 이러한 사례를 통하여 제품의 신뢰성 향상을 위한 복합환경시험의 중요성을 강조하였고 최근 환경시험기술에 대한 인식이 날로 증대되면서 시험기술자 양성, 지그설계기술 그리고 고장해석 및 대책기술의 확보가 매우 필요함을 제안하였다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.411-429
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• 2022

NATM 터널에서 계측은 필수 불가결한 요소이나 계측기의 신뢰도를 검증할 방법, 절차, 규정 등에 대한 연구가 부족함으로 인해 터널에서 계측기가 성능검증 절차 없이 설치 및 적용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내외 계측 검·교정 관련 규정을 조사하고 공인 인정기준의 필요성을 제시하였다. 또한 터널계측기 중 록볼트 축력계와 지중변위계를 대상으로 계측기의 불량원인을 외관검사로 파악하였으며 성능검사를 위해 단계별 하중 재하가 가능한 검증 장치를 개발하여 국내 9개 계측제조업체의 정밀계측기 불량원인을 파악하였다. 개별센서 위주의 성능테스트도 중요하나 완제품 상태에서 검증 절차를 통과해야 함이 필수적이므로 이에 따른 성능검사 방법과 절차를 제시하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 향후 계측기 성능검증을 위한 관련 규정 마련과 현장에서 계측기를 선정하는 데 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.49.1-49.8
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• 2021

Objectives: To evaluate the fracture incidence of Reciproc R25 instruments (VDW) used during non-surgical root canal retreatments performed by students in a postgraduate endodontic program. Materials and Methods: From the analysis of clinical record cards and periapical radiographs of root canal retreatments performed by postgraduate students using the Reciproc R25, a total of 1,016 teeth (2,544 root canals) were selected. The instruments were discarded after a single use. The general incidence of instrument fractures and its frequency was analyzed considering the group of teeth and the root thirds where the fractures occurred. Statistical analysis was performed using the χ² test (p < 0.01). Results: Seven instruments were separated during the procedures. The percentage of fracture in relation to the number of instrumented canals was 0.27% and 0.68% in relation to the number of instrumented teeth. Four fractures occurred in maxillary molars, 1 in a mandibular molar, 1 in a mandibular premolar and 1 in a maxillary incisor. A greater number of fractures was observed in molars when compared with the number of fractures observed in the other dental groups (p < 0.01). Considering all of the instrument fractures, 71.43% were located in the apical third and 28.57% in the middle third (p < 0.01). One instrument fragment was removed, one bypassed, while in 5 cases, the instrument fragment remained inside the root canal. Conclusions: The use of Reciproc R25 instruments in root canal retreatments carried out by postgraduate students was associated with a low incidence of fractures.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.148-152
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• 2017

The feel of writing is important to customers when they buy smart devices with stylus such as smartphones and tablet computers. With an aim to reproduce the tactile sensibility of writing instruments when people write on the glass display using a stylus, this study focuses on the frequency characteristics of writing instruments that can describe the vibrations of writing instruments sliding over counter surfaces. In addition, this study includes the effect of various factors influencing the friction of writing instruments such as lubricant, nib material, and contact type. We perform sliding experiments with six types of writing instruments and a sheet of paper to understand the relation between the friction conditions of the nib and the frequency characteristics. As this research focuses on the tactile perception of human skin when people use a writing instrument, the analysis of frequency characteristics is performed in the perceptible frequency range of mechanoreceptors in the human skin. As a result, three types of frequency characteristics are identified. Low frequency peaks are observed for a metal nib with ink; high frequency peaks are observed for a nib without ink; and, middle frequency peaks with a wide range of distribution occurs for fabric nibs with ink. Therefore, to implement the proper feel of writing, at least three types of vibrations have to be made.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.33-51
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• 2018

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the current status of measurement instruments used to evaluate pain and function for shoulder disease patients in Korean Medicine clinical studies published in South Korea. Methods 5 Korean online databases from January 2007 to July 2017 were used to source articles for the review. Data of pain and function assessment instruments, measurement methods, time point and frequency for shoulder assessment were extracted. And it was analyzed by investigating the frequency of use for each item. Results A total of 78 studies met the selection criteria. There were many studies with no description for pain assessment instruments or inconsistent measurement methods. In the function assessment, the frequency of use was low and there were a lot of use of instruments with low validity and reliability. Conclusions To develop the objectivity of clinical research, further clinical studies, active use of measurement instruments, and standardization of measurement methods are needed.