• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.97-106
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• 1983

A reserch scale of 48 items selected from MMPI by McCall et al. was used to compare psychologic aspects of 80 patients with MPDS to control I subjects and control II subjects. For this, study subjects were selected 80 patients of MPDS who visited the Dept. of Dentistry. K.N.U.H., from December in 1982 to September in 1983. Control I subjects were selected 80 outpatients without MPDS who required dental treatment from December in 1982 to September in 1983. And control II subjects were selected 80 persons without MPDS who required no dental treatment and lived in Taegu. The results were as follow : In study subjects,somatic gruop and behavioral group are markedly high than control (I,II)subjects. In somatic group and behavioral group, there was no significant differencd between control I subjects and control II subjects. In somatics group and begavioral group, there was no significant difference between male and female in each subjects: In study subject, general nature somatic category was higher than head, neck, throat and GIT somatic category.(P<0.05) In study subjects, somatic group and behavioral group gradually increased according to increase in number of MPDS symptom.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.162-188
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• 1988

The purpose of this study is to guide the direction of the Korean nursing education to analysize ⑴ the philosophy and objectives ⑵ curriculum, and ⑶ educational environment. This analysis is based on the data from 50 nursing schools (14 4-year colleges and 35 3-year colleges) The survey was conducted from Dec. 1986 through Jan. 1987 by mail. 1) Educational philosophy and objectives 10 4-year colleges and 8 3-year college program have curricular philosoph. Most popular curricular philosophies are human beings, health, nursing, nursology, nursing education, nurses role in the present and in the future. 10 nursing schools mentioned that human being is the subject to interact with : environment physically, mentally and socially. 2 schools mentioned that health is the state of functioning well physically, mentally and socially. 13 schools mentioned that the nursing is the dynamic act to maintain and to promote the highest possible level of health. 4 schools mentioned that the nursology is an applied science. 4 schools mentioned that nursing education is the process to induce the behavioural changes based on the individual ability. There is different opinion about the nurses' role between 4-year college and 3-year college. In the responses from 4-year colleges they focus on the leadership in effective changes, self-regulating and self-determining responsibilities, applying the new technology, continuing education, and participation in research to further nursing knowledge. In the responses from 3-year colleges, they focus on the education in college, primary health care nursing, direct care provider and public health education. Among 50 respondents 40 schools have educational goals which can be divided into two categories. One is to establish the moral and the other is to develop the professionalism. 2) Curriculm The analsis of curriculum is only based on the data from the 4-year colleges because the most of 3-year colleges follow the curriculum guideline set by the Ministry of Education. a) Comparison of the credits in cultural subject and in nursing major. The average required credit for graduation is 154.6 and the median credit is the range of 140-149. The average credit of cultural subjects is 43.4. In detail, the average number of credit of required course and elective courses are 24.1 and 19.3 respectively. The average credit for major subject is 111.2. In detail, the average credit for required courses and electives course are 100.9 and 10.4 respectively. In 5 colleges, students are offered even on elective course b) Comparison of the credit by class. The average earned credits are as follows : 41.1 in freshman, 400 in sophormore 38.3 in junior and 32.4 in senior. Cultural subjects are studied in early phases. c) Comparison of the compulsory and elective cultural subject by institute. The range of credit is 7-43 in compulsory cultural subjects and there are lot of differences among institutions. While all respondents require liberal arts as compulsary subjects, few respondents lists social science, natural science and behavioral science as required subjects. Social science-related subjects are frequently chosen as cultural subjects d) Distribution of creditsin cultural subjects by institute. The liberal art subjects are taught in 20 institute. English and physical education courses are taught in all instituions. The social science subjects are taught in 15 colleges and the basic Psycology and the Basic sociology are the most popular subjects. The natural science subjects are taught in 7 colleges and Biology and Chemistry are the most popular subjects among them. e) Distribution of credits in major basic courses by institute. Most of the institutes select Anatomy, Microbiology, Physiology, biochemistry and Pathology as basic major courses. f) Comparison of the required and elective courses for nursing major by institutions. Subjects and credit ranges in major are varing by institute. More than half of the respondents select the following subjects as required major subjects. (1) Adults Health Nursing and Practice (19.5 credits) (2) Mother and Child Care and Practice (8.9 credits) (3) Community Health Care and Practice (8.5 credits) (4) Psychiatric Nursing Care and Practice (8.1 credits) (5) Nursing Management and Practice (3.9 credits) (6) Fundamental of Nursing, Nursing Research and Health Assessment and Practice. Three institutions select Introduction to nursing, Rehabilitation Nursing, School Nursing, Public Health Nursing, Nursing English, Communication, Human Development as electives in nursing major. 3) Educational environment a) Nursing institution There are forty-three 3-year colleges and seventeen 4-year colleges and 81.4% of which are private b) Number of students and faculty 19.2% of the students are in 4-year colleges and 80.8% of the students are in 3-year colleges. In 4-year colleges, the number of nursing faculty members is in the other of assistant professor, instructor and professor. In 3-year colleges, the orderiis lecturer, associate professor, full time instructor and assistant professor. In 4-year colleges, 18.8 students are allocated per nursing faculty and in 3-year colleges, 33.1 students are allocated per nursing faculty. c) Clinical practices 66.7% of the 4-year colleges practice over 1201 hours in clinic and 28.5% of 3-year colleges practice over 1201 hours in clinic. In 4-year colleges, 11.5 students are allocated per nursing faculty and in 3-year colleges,17 students are allocated per nursing faculty The survey shows no difference in the procedure between 4-year colleges and 3-year colleges but 3-year colleges choose the more variety practicing site such as special hospital and community health clinic. d) Audiovisual facilities The survey shows a lot of difference in audiovisual facilities among institution and 3-year colleges are less equipped than 4-year colleges.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.31-86
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• 1984

The educational purpose of a junior college is believed to be to effectively train and produce professional workers equipped with the knowledge and skills required in various technical fields of modern society. Since dental technology takes its share of an important role through the enhancement of people's health and the construction of a whlfare society, the prosthodontia department is imposed with a great responsibility to train highly skilled, responsible dental technicians who will meet the social demands. To attain this goal, those who are in charge of the training and education should place emphasis on the development of better educational programs. In other words, the present curriculum which is lacking in many comprehensive aspects, is not satisfactory to provide the students with the required know-how and qualities. As is known, a currculum is the detailed guidance to the efficient operation of an educational program, and that of dental technology is not an exception. In addition, dental technology requires very detailed programs in training, because it requires both diversified and comprehensive application of serveral different fields. The following are the main points to be taken into consideration in developing an effective curriculum for this department. 1. The curriculum should be gradually expanded so that the fundamental subjects will contain principal theories which can be directly applied to the specified majoring subjects. 2. An effective arrangement of time tables should be provided so that basic practice and experiments can be conducted in direct connection with the leatures on the basic theories. 3. For a creative and up-to-date curriculum to help cope with the problems in achieving the aims of technological development and scientific education, intensive and extensive studies should be done on the curricula developed in the advanced countries. 4. The specific majoring subjects should be rearranged to contain new theories which are beneficial to dental technology. As an institution which is spearheaded for ondustrial-educational cooperation, the Junior collegeis role demands that the department should make every possible effect to cultivate highly-skilled technicisns. The following suggestions are made to help work out an ideal curriculum. 1. The basic theory subjects should be selected with consideration toward closely related majoring subjects. 2. The curriculum should be efficiently operated to effectively relate theories with experiments. 3. Subject importance must be rearranged ; It has been found that the ideal proportion of cultural, elective and required subjects is 20%, 20% and 60% respectively. 4. The credit allotments should be reconsidered: The total credits required for completion should preferably be 80; 16 for the cultural and the elective subjects respectively and 48 for the required subject. 5. A Commissioned education system should be formalized for strengthening industrial educational cooperation. 6. Experiments and practice should be intensified with the support of improved laboratory facilities. 7. The training period should be expanded form the present two years to three of four years, in order to produce more highly qualified technicians.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.165-177
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to lay the groundwork for the development of appropriate training courses for a rapidly changing digital technology in the field of Dental technology. Methods: The subjects of this study were dental technicians, dental technology students, a professor of dental technology in Daegu and Gyeongbuk area and a self-administered structured questionnaire survey was conducted for 350 randomly selected people. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS Win 17.0 statistics program and analysis techniques include the frequency, percentage and cross-analysis. Results: The results of the survey are as follows. The usefulness of Major subjects was Full Denture laboratory (4.72 points), Dental Morphology (4.71 points), Crown and Bridge laboratory (4.69 points) in the instructor's group. The usefulness of Major subjects was Dental Morphology (4.56 points), Full Denture (4.36 points), Crown and Bridge laboratory (4.69 points) in the student's group. The usefulness of Major subjects was Dental Morphology (4.58 points), Dental Morphology laboratory (4.34 points), Partial Denture laboratory (4.30 points) in the dental technician's group. Subject with the highest usefulness of required course to open was CAD/CAM lecture and laboratory, the highest proportion of 91.2% and Implant laboratory was very useful (91.2%) in the instructor's group. Subject with the highest usefulness of required course to open was CAD/CAM lacture and laboratory, the highest proportion of 90.0% and Implant laboratory was very useful (91.2%) in the student's group. Subject with the highest usefulness of required course to open was CAD/CAM lacture and laboratory, the highest proportion of 91.2% and Implant laboratory was very useful (90.2%) in the dental technician's group. Conclusion: Semester of the subjects was required establishment of CAD/CAM lecture and laboratory in the third year first semester (85.1%) and Implant laboratory in the third year second semester the third year was the highest proportion of 94.1% in the instructor's group. 87.0% of students need to open CAD/CAM lacture and laboratory in the third year first semester, Implant laboratory in the third year second semester the third year was the highest proportion of 85.0% in the student's group. Semester of the subjects was required establishment of CAD/CAM lecture and laboratory in the third year first semester (81.0%) and Implant laboratory in the third year second semester the third year was the highest proportion of 80.0% in the dental technician's group.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.10
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• pp.71-120
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• 1983

In this study, a model curriculum for the Library and Information Science programs in Junior Colleges is presented by comparing those curricula of the Republic of Korea, the United States of America, England and Japan. In Korea, 80 credits are required for graduate of Junior College and 60 credits of that total credits are for major courses. At Toshokan Danki Daikagu in Japan, 73 credits are opened for the Department of Library Science and 87 credits for the Department of Library and Information Science respectively. In the United States of America, 30 credits for major courses out of 90 total credits are opened at Lansing Community College and 24 credits for major courses out of 60-64 credits at Mesa Community College distinctively. On the basis of the various analyses, the following principles are applied in designning the model curriculum; (1) Possibly 3 credits per subject are assigned, (2) Major credits for graduate are 60-64 credits including possible optional subjects, (3) 20 percents of those 60-64 credits shall be applied for electives, so that 72-78 credits are assigned for major, (4) In order to combine theory and practice, and to select practice areas as required major, the ratio between required and elective must be adjusted, (5) In order to avoid duplication of subject, adequate individuality must be provided, (6) The Information Science areas must be dealt with in Library Science since computer systems are being rapidly adopted in libraries and the education for resources of materials and foreign languages are also important for successful fulfillment of mediator's roles between materials and users. Therefore the following model curriculum is suggested; 31 credits in 11 subjects for required major, 46 credits in 18 subjects for electives in major, total 77 credits for 29 subjects are established, and it includes such areas as material organization, foreign languages, resources of materials, library management, information science, fundamental studies, services and practice.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.5-36
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• 2021

This study attempted to present the direction of development of the curriculum of Library & Information Science by investigating and analyzing the current status of the curriculum of Library & Information Science in Korea and the perception of the necessity of each major subject. To this end, the curriculum of the Department of Library and Information Sciences nationwide was thoroughly investigated. Based on the subjects, a questionnaire survey was conducted for all professors of the Department of Library and Information Science on the degree of consent for required and elective subjects. As a result, first, the total number of courses opened in the Department of Library and Information Science has recently decreased. It was confirmed that the proportion of the required subjects and basic subjects decreased, and the proportion of elective subjects increased. Second, it was found that the importance and weight of informatics are constantly increasing, and there is a high demand for new subjects such as big data, programming, and data analysis. Third, the proportion of library management in all subjects is decreasing, but the necessity of detailed subjects is highly recognized. Fourth, it was confirmed that the proportion of bibliography was gradually decreasing. Fifth, although records management was not a required major subject, its weight increased as an elective subject, while language subjects showed almost no awareness of the necessity.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.127-143
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• 2019

This study investigates the color stimuli of two varieties of foliage plants by extracting electroencephalogram, electrocardiogram and physiology activity data from 30 participants in their 50s or older. Changes in the physiological activity of subjects against six color stimuli were examined. The stimulus to real green plants 'Silver Queen' was set as the control group, and was compared with other groups including the stimulus to real 'Angel' plants and four stimuli to artificial colors (two color images and color schemes of the same green and red plants). Compared to the five groups, the relative theta power spectrum (RT) and the ratio of alpha to high beta (RAHB) increased in the subjects exposed to real green plants. This result demonstrates that the green plant ('Silver Queen') increases the stability, relaxation, and internal concentration of subjects in a proper state of awakening. The result of this experiment showed a statistically significant difference in the level of RT when subjects were exposed to the groups of real green and red plants. This finding indicates that the green plant increases internal concentration more than the red plant. RT and the relative low beta power spectrum (RLB) in the groups of natural colors were higher than the groups of artificial colors when subjects focused their mind on the two types of real plants. However, the level of relative mid beta power spectrum (RMB), ratio of SMR to theta (RST), ratio of mid beta to theta (RMT), relative high beta power spectrum (RHB), and spectral edge frequency 95% were higher when subjects were exposed to the photos and colors scheme of plants than when they were exposed to real plants. The subjects experienced more "comfortable" emotions when they were looking at plants with green colors. Overall, it is recommended to use the natural colors of real plants in places where which stability and relaxation are required. On the contrary, the artificial colors of plants such as their photos and color schemes are useful in places where a high level of concentration is required in a short period of time.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.280-290
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• 1998

This study was carried out to idenify the health problems and needs of crippled persons in order to develop a community based rehabilitation service program through public health center. Information on health problems and needs were obtained from 120 crippled persons staying at home by questionaire and a measuring ADL. The results were summarized as follows 1. Among 120 subjects, male crippled (70.3%) outnumbered female crippled (29.7%). Many crippled persons belonged to the 40-49 age group (33.6%) while others were over 60 years (17.4%). There were 36.8% crippled persons with an elementary education, 26.5% had completed high school, 14.5% had completed middle school. 31% of the crippled persons were employed but most of them had unskilled jobs. 80% of the respondents replied that their monthly income was under 800,000 won. 2. The major causes of their handicap were due to acquired factors(92%) such as accidents, in fectious & communicable diseases and chronic diseases rather than congenital factors(8%). Crippled persons who belong to the first grade of disabilities were 14.8%, the second grade 35.7%, the third grade 21.7%, the forth grade 12.2%, the fifth grade 12.2% and the sixth grade 3.5%. 3. This study measured the degree of the ADL of crippled persons by a modified Barthel Index including 11 items. 73.5% of them were fully independent, 8.5% required minimal help, 2.7% required moderate help, 6.0% required substantial help and 9.4% were unable to perform task. In response to the 11 items of ADL, crippled persons required more help in stair climbing, ambulation and bathing than in other items. 4. In responding to concerning health problems, 10.3% of the subjects replied with incontinence, 8.5% malnutrition, 7.6% fecal incontinence and bedsores 2.6%. Chronic diseases which needs treatment were chronic pain(61.0 %), hypertension(16.5%) and diabetes(16.5%) 5. To the question of what type of rehabilitation services subjects required, chronic diseases management(52.1%) and physical therapy (41.2%) were the highest. The most important social welfare services subjects required were economics support (51.3%) and introductions to job opportunities(42%).

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.98-124
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• 2020

Objectives: This study was aimed to present a summary and analysis of a survey on the educational status of basic Korean medicine and basic medical science in colleges of Korean medicine nationwide. Methods: The data on the curriculum and weekly education plans were acquired in the first half of 2020. Data showing the educational status and contents of basic Korean medicine and basic medical science were extracted. Results: Most of the colleges were providing a subject-based education. All subjects of basic Korean medicine were included in the required courses for majors, and most of them appeared to have developed and been using common main textbooks and standardized educational contents. However, there were some subjects in which the education period was dispersed until the 3rd and 4th grades, or in which discussions to develop and use common textbooks and standardized educational content were required. Most of the subjects of basic medical science were also educated as required courses for majors, but there were some subjects with a low curriculum establishment rate, and these could be considered as areas to be reinforced first when reorganizing the curriculum. Conclusions: It is expected that the findings of this study would be a basis for exploring the ways to concrete changes that are desirable and also realistically feasible when reorganizing the curriculum of colleges of Korean medicine in the near future.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.244-254
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• 1996

The periodontal probe is a commonly used instrument to assess periodontal conditions. And so, there has been many studies to develop the accuracy and reproducibility of the periodontal probe. The purpose of this study was to compare two different periodontal probes for measurement reliability and time required to use in subjects with moderate periodontitis. It was done after evaluating reproducibility of probing depth by stent guiding for a Manual probe and a Florida probe in subjects with healthy periodontal condition. The results were as follows 1. In experiment to evaluate the reproducibility of probing depth by stent guiding for a Manual probe and Florida probe in subjects with healthy periodontal condition, there was no major significant difference between intraprobe and interprobe relationships. 2. There were reduced probing measuremint error by using the Florida probe for posterior teeth and by using the Manual probe for anterior teeth of subjects with moderate periodontitis. 3. At proximal area, there was higher measurement error by using the Manual probe than the Florida probe. 4. The mean of pocket depth measurement using Manual probe was signifi cantly higher than that using Florida probe(p<0.05). With increasing pocket depth, interprobe difference increased and reproducibility reduced. 5. There was no significant difference in time required to use between Manual probe and Florida probe(p<0.05). 6. There was slight probing measurement difference between Manual probe and Florida probe at different site, but both probes have similar degrees of reproducibility and similar time required to probe.