• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.451-458
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• 2007

본 연구는 포유중인 모돈에서 이유 전과 후에 성선자극호르몬 투여 및 예정시각 인공수정이 번식성적에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 포유중인 모돈은 대조구, 이유 전 2일 및 이유 후 1일에 성선자극호르몬을 주사 하였다. 성선자극호르몬을 주사한 모돈의 1/2은 발정확인 후 24 및 36시간에 인공수정 하였고, 1/2은 GnRH 주사 후 24 및 36시간에 각각 예정시각 인공수정 하였다.포유중인 모돈에서 대조구, 이유 전 및 이유 후 성선자극호르몬을 투여 하여 발정재귀를 관찰한 결과 이유 후 성선자극호르몬 투여구가 발정재귀율이 높게 조사 되였으나 유의적 차이는 없는 것으로 조사되었다. 성선자극호르몬 투여가 발정재귀 시간에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 이유 전 성선자극호르몬 투여구가 발정 재귀시간이 유의적으로 짧은 것으로 조사되었다(P<0.01). 포유중인 모돈에서 성선자극호르몬을 이유 전 또는 이유 후에 투여한 후 인공수정을 실시한 결과 분만율과 산자수는 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 예정시각 인공수정에 따른 산자수는 이유 전 성선자극호르몬 처리구와 이유 후 성선자극호르몬 처리구에서 예정시각 인공수정 처리구가 발정관찰인공수정에 비하여 유의적으로 적었다(P<0.01).이상의 결과를 종합해 보면 성선자극호르몬은 포유중인 모돈에서 난포를 발육시킬 수 있으며, 이유 전 성선자극호르몬의 투여는 발정재귀일의 단축 효과를 기대 할 수 있으나 포유돈에 있어 발정재귀율 개선과 향상된 번식성적과의 상관 관계 정립을 위한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 공업화학
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.684-689
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 경제적이며 일회용 센서칩으로 제작 가능한 스크린프린팅한 탄소칩 전극[screen printed carbon electrode(SPCE)]에 다중벽 탄소 나노 튜브, 전도성고분자 및 티로시나아제를 융합하여 제작된 나노복합체를 도포한 센서를 개발하고 이를 내분비 저하 물질이면서, 비만, 당뇨병 및 심혈관질환 등의 만성질환 및 성조숙증, 여성 생식 질환, 불임 등과 관련성이 입증된 비스페놀A 농도 분석에 적용하고자 하였다. 다중벽 탄소 나노 튜브를 산화시켜 음전하를 띠게 한 후 양전하를 띠는 전도성고분자인 polydiallyldimethylammonium (PDDA)로 감싸준 후 용액의 pH를 조절하여 음전하를 띠게 한 티로시나아제를 첨가하여 최종적으로 산화된 다중벽 탄소 나노 튜브-PDDA-티로시나아제 나노복합체를 형성하였다. 상기 나노복합체를 물리적으로 흡착시킨 센서칩 표면을 비스페놀A 용액에 접촉시키고, 비스페놀A가 티로시나아제와 2단계의 효소-기질반응을 할 수 있는 충분한 시간(3분)을 주면, 생성물[4,4'-isopropylidenebis(1,2-benzoquinone)]이 생성된다. 이 때 순환전압전류법과 시차펄스전압전류법을 이용하여 생성물[4,4'-isopropylidenebis(1,2-benzoquinone)]을 환원(-0.08V vs. Ag/AgCl)하였을 때 얻어진 전류값 변화를 측정하여 비스페놀A의 농도를 정량적으로 분석하였다. 추가적으로 개발한 센서 전극표면에 비스페놀A와 유사한 비스페놀S 방해물질을 비스페놀A와 함께 접촉하였을 때 비스페놀A에 대한 우수한 선택성을 확인하였다. 최종적으로 제작한 센서를 실험실에서 제작한 환경 시료안에 비스페놀A의 농도를 분석하는 데 적용함으로써 실제 현장에서 활용될 수 있는 가능성을 시사하였다.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.39.18-39.18
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• 2021

Background: Interferon lambda receptor 1 (IFNLR1) is a type II cytokine receptor that clings to interleukins IL-28A, IL29B, and IL-29 referred to as type III IFNs (IFN-λs). IFN-λs act through the JAK-STAT signaling pathway to exert antiviral effects related to preventing and curing an infection. Although the immune function of IFN-λs in virus invasion has been described, the molecular mechanism of IFNLR1 in that process is unclear. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of IFNLR1 in the pathogenesis and treatment of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Methods: The effects of IFNLR1 on the proliferation of porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) during PRRSV infection were investigated using interference and overexpression methods. Results: In this study, the expressions of the IFNLR1 gene in the liver, large intestine, small intestine, kidney, and lung tissues of Dapulian pigs were significantly higher than those in Landrace pigs. It was determined that porcine IFNLR1 overexpression suppresses PRRSV replication. The qRT-PCR results revealed that overexpression of IFNLR1 upregulated antiviral and IFN-stimulated genes. IFNLR1 overexpression inhibits the proliferation of PAMs and upregulation of p-STAT1. By contrast, knockdown of IFNLR1 expression promotes PAMs proliferation. The G0/G1 phase proportion in IFNLR1-overexpressing cells increased, and the opposite change was observed in IFNLR1-underexpressing cells. After inhibition of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, the G2/M phase proportion in the IFNLR1-overexpressing cells showed a significant increasing trend. In conclusion, overexpression of IFNLR1 induces activation of the JAK/STAT pathway, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of PAMs infected with PRRSV. Conclusion: Expression of the IFNLR1 gene has an important regulatory role in PRRSV-infected PAMs, indicating it has potential as a molecular target in developing a new strategy for the treatment of PRRSV.

• Genes and Genomics
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• 제40권12호
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• pp.1373-1382
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• 2018

Hanwoo and Chikso are classified as Korean native cattle breeds that are currently registered with the Food and Agriculture Organization. However, there is still a lack of genomic studies to compare Hanwoo to Chikso populations. The objective of this study was to perform genome-wide analysis of Hanwoo and Chikso populations, investigating the genetic relationships between these two populations. We genotyped a total of 319 cattle including 214 Hanwoo and 105 Chikso sampled from Gangwon Province Livestock Technology Research Institute, using the Illumina Bovine SNP50K Beadchip. After performing quality control on the initially generated datasets, we assessed linkage disequilibrium patterns for all the possible SNP pairs within 1 Mb apart. Overall, average $r^2$ values in Hanwoo (0.048) were lower than Chikso (0.074) population. The genetic relationship between the populations was further assured by the principal component analysis, exhibiting clear clusters in each of the Hanwoo and Chikso populations, respectively. Overall heterozygosity for Hanwoo (0.359) was slightly higher than Chikso (0.345) and inbreeding coefficient was also a bit higher in Hanwoo (-0.015) than Chikso (-0.035). The average $F_{ST}$ value was 0.036 between Hanwoo and Chikso, indicating little genetic differentiation between those two breeds. Furthermore, we found potential selection signatures including LRP1B and NTRK2 genes that might be implicated with meat and reproductive traits in cattle. In this study, the results showed that both Hanwoo and Chikso populations were not under severe level of inbreeding. Although the principal component analysis exhibited clear clusters in each of the populations, we did not see any clear evidence that those two populations are highly differentiated each other.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2019

Background: Excessive stress causes varied physiological and psychological disorders including male reproductive problems. Here, we attempted to investigate the protective effects of Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer; KRG) against sub-acute immobilization stress-induced testicular damage in experimental rats. Methods: Male rats (age, 4 wk; weight, 60-70 g) were divided into four groups (n = 8 in each group): normal control group, immobilization control group, immobilization group treated with 100 mg/kg of KRG daily, and immobilization group treated with 200 mg/kg of KRG daily. Normal control and immobilization control groups received vehicle only. KRG (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) was mixed in the standard diet powder and fed daily for 6 mo. Parameters such as organ weight, blood chemistry, sperm kinematic values, and expression levels of testicular-related molecules were measured using commercially available kits, Western blotting, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: Data revealed that KRG restored the altered testis and epididymis weight in immobilization stress-induced rats significantly (p < 0.05). Further, KRG ameliorated the altered blood chemistry and sperm kinematic values when compared with the immobilization control group and attenuated the altered expression levels of spermatogenesis-related proteins (nectin-2, cAMP responsive element binding protein 1, and inhibin-${\alpha}$), sex hormone receptors (androgen receptor, luteinizing hormone receptor, and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor), and antioxidant-related enzymes (glutathione S-transferase m5, peroxiredoxin-4, and glutathione peroxidase 4) significantly in the testes of immobilization stress-induced rats. Conclusion: KRG protected immobilization stress-induced testicular damage and fertility factors in rats, thereby indicating its potential in the treatment of stress-related male sterility.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2021

Panax species have gained numerous attentions because of their various biological effects on cardiovascular, kidney, reproductive diseases known for a long time. Recently, advanced analytical methods including thin layer chromatography, high-performance thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem ultraviolet, diode array detector, evaporative light scattering detector, and mass detector, two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography, high speed counter-current chromatography, high speed centrifugal partition chromatography, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, high-performance anion-exchange chromatography, ambient ionization mass spectrometry, molecularly imprinted polymer, enzyme immunoassay, 1H-NMR, and infrared spectroscopy have been used to identify and evaluate chemical constituents in Panax species. Moreover, Soxhlet extraction, heat reflux extraction, ultrasonic extraction, solid phase extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, acceleration solvent extraction, matrix solid phase dispersion extraction, and pulsed electric field are discussed. In this review, a total of 219 articles published from 1980 to 2018 are investigated. Panax species including P. notoginseng, P. quinquefolius, sand P. ginseng in the raw and processed forms from different parts, geographical origins, and growing times are studied. Furthermore, the potential biomarkers are screened through the previous articles. It is expected that the review can provide a fundamental for further studies.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.442-451
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• 2021

미세 플라스틱은 입자의 크기가 5 mm 이하인 플라스틱 조각을 말하며 미세 플라스틱의 오염은 해양 생태계와 인간의 건강과 관련되어 전 세계적인 관심사이다. 광범위하게 오염되어 있는 관계로, 미세 플라스틱은 물고기, 담치, 굴, 조개, 가리비와 같이 다양한 동물에 섭취되어 체내에 축적된다. 게다가, 섭취된 미세 플라스틱은 소장, 간, 신장 그리고 심지어 뇌에서도 높은 농도로 관찰된다. 해산물은 인간에게 있어 주요 단백질 공급원 중 하나이므로, 해산물의 소비는 인간이 미세 플라스틱에 노출되는 경로가 될 수 있다. 많은 근거들은 설치류에서 미세 플라스틱의 반복적인 경구 투여가 생식, 심장, 소화기, 내분비 그리고 심지어 신경계에서 병리적, 기능적 변화를 유도함을 가리킨다. 더욱이, 임신기와 수유기 동안 모체가 미세 플라스틱에 노출되면 새끼에서 대사의 항상성에 변화가 일어난다. 해산물은 세계적으로 3억 1천만 명 이상의 사람들에게 20% 이상의 단백질 공급원이라는 사실을 고려할 때, 미세 플라스틱은 인간의 몸에 축적되어 생리적 기능에 장애를 유발할 수 있다고 가정하는 것이 타당하다. 본 리뷰에서 우리는 해양에서 미세 플라스틱 오염의 현재 실태와 해양 동물 및 설치류에서 미세 플라스틱의 축적과 독성, 그리고 인간에게의 노출과 인간 건강에 미치는 잠재적인 영향에 대해 요약하였다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 1985

An immunoassay may be defined as an analytical procedure involving the competitive reaction between a limiting concentration of specific antibody and two populations of antigen, one of which is labelled or immobillized. The advent of immunoassay has revolutionised our knowledge of reproductive physiology and the practice of veterinary and clinical medicine. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) was the first of these methods to be developed, which meausred the analyte with good sensitivity, accuracy and precision (1,2). The essential components of RIA are:-(i) a limited concentration of antibodies, (ii) a reference preparation, and (iii) an antigen labelled with a radioisotope (usually tritium or iodine-125). Most procedures invelove isolating the antibody-bound fraction and measuring the amount of labelled antigen. Good facilities are available for scintilltion counting, data reduction nd statistical analysis. RIA is undergoing refinement through:-(i) the introduction of new techniques to separate the antibody-bound and free fractions which minimize the misclassification of labelled antigen into these compartments, and the amount of non-specfic binding. (3), (ii) the development of non-extration for the measurement of haptens (4), (iii) the determination of a, pp.rent free (i.e. non-protein bound) analytes (5), and (iv) the use of monoclonal antibodies(6). In 1968, Miles and Hales introduced in important new type of immunoassay which they termed immunora-diometric assay (IRMA) based on t도 use of isotopically labelled specific antibodies(7) in a move from limited to excess reagent systems. The concept of two-site IRMAs (with a capture antibody on a solid-phase, and a second labelled antibody to a different antigenic determinant of the analyte) has enabled the development of more sensitive and less-time consuming methods for the measurement of protein hormones ovar wide concentration of analyte (8). The increasing use of isotopic methos for diverse a, pp.ications has exposed several problems. For example, the radioactive half-life and radiolysis of the labelled reagent limits assay sensitivity and imposes a time limit on the usefulness of a kit. In addition, the potential health hazards associated with the use and disposal of radioactive cmpounds and the solvents and photofluors necessary for liquid scientillation counting are incompatable with the development of extra-laboratory tests. To date, the most practical alternative labels to radioisotopes, for the measurement of analytes in a concentration > 1 ng/ml, are erythrocytes, polystyrene particiles, gold sols, dyes and enzymes or cofactors with a visual or colorimetric end-point(9). Increased sensitivity to<1 pg/ml may be obtained with fluorescent and chemiluminescent labels, or enzymes with a fluorometric, chemiluminometric or bioluminometric end-point. The sensitivity of any immunoassay or immunometric assay depends on the affinity of the antibody-antigen reaction, the specific activity of the label, the precision with which the reagents are manipulated and the nonspecific background signal (10). The sensitivity of a limited reagent system for the measurement of haptens or proteins is mainly dependent upon the affinity of the antibodies and the smalleest amount of reagent that may be manipulated. Consequently, it is difficult in practice to improve on the sensitivity obtained with iodine-125 as the label. Conversely, with excess reagent systems for the measurement of proteins it is theoretically possible to increase assay sensitivity at least 1000 fold with alternative luminescent labels. To date, a 10-fold improvement has been achieved, and attempts are being made to reduce the influence of other variables on the specific signal from the immunoreaction.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.98-103
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• 2023

Sphaeranthus africanus is commonly used as a traditional remedy for sore throats and pain treatment in Vietnam. The aerial parts have been studied for its anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties. However, the antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of the plant has not been explored. In this work, hydrophilic extracts of the plant's aerial parts were prepared in order to investigate its antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties. Also, the cytotoxicity of the root was evaluated and compared to that of the aerial parts. All of the extracts inhibited lipid peroxidation with IC₅₀ values ranging from 2.05 to 3.56 ㎍/mL, indicating substantial antioxidant activity. At an IC₅₀ value of 4.80 ㎍/mL, the 50% ethanol extract exhibited the most potent inhibition of α-glucosidase. The cytotoxic activity of root extracts is 2 to 5-fold less than that of the aerial parts. Nevertheless, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts of the root demonstrated a selective effect on leukemia cells, with no harm towards the normal HEK-293 cell line. This work provides a scientific support for the antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of the plant. Hence, it may find a promising material for the development of novel antioxidant and antidiabetic agents. More research can be conducted on the phytochemistry and anticancer activities of the plant's root.

• 한국심리학회지ㆍ건강
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.169-187
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• 2011

본 연구의 목적은 생식기 기형의 대표적인 하위유형인 요도하열과 잠복고환 영유아와 양육자의 심리 사회적 특성을 탐색하는 것이다. 생후 6~38개월 요도하열(103명), 잠복고환(48명)을 대상으로 생식기 기형과 관련한 걱정과 사건 충격, 수치심을 탐색하였다. 이들을 정상통제군(131명) 양육자와 비교하여 영아의 기질과 양육자의 정신 건강, 양육자의 사회적 지지와 결혼 만족도, 양육 스트레스와 대처기제를 비교하였다. 결과, 요도하열군 모는 '배뇨와 신체기능'과 '출산 능력'을, 잠복고환 모는 '마취에 대한 부담'과 '출산 능력'을 가장 걱정하였다. 또 요도하열 모는 임상수준의 심리적 충격을 보고하였다. 정상군과의 비교에서, 요도하열 영아는 정상영아에 비해 부정적 정서가 높았고, 잠복고환 영아는 주의 전환성이 유의하게 낮았으며, 요도하열과 잠복고환 모는 정상군모보다 대인 예민성이 낮았다. 사회적 지지에서 세 집단 간 차이는 없었으나, 잠복고환 모는 정상군 모에 비해 원가족과의 갈등이 적다고 보고하였다. 요도하열과 잠복고환 모는 정상군 모보다 양육 스트레스 중 부모의 고통은 낮았고, 대처 전략을 많이 사용하였다. 양육 스트레스 총점이나 까다로운 자녀, 역기능적 상호작용에서는 집단 간 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 결과에 대해 임상적 함의와 연구적 함의를 논의하였다.