• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.11D no.4
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• pp.823-834
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• 2004

In this research, the similarity search algorithms are provided for large video data streams. A video stream that consists of a number of frames can be expressed by a sequence in the multidimensional data space, by representing each frame with a multidimensional vector By analyzing various characteristics of the sequence, it is partitioned into multiple video segments and clusters which are represented by hyper-rectangles. Using the hyper-rectangles of video segments and clusters, similarity functions between two video streams are defined, and two similarity search algorithms are proposed based on the similarity functions algorithms by hyper-rectangles and by representative frames. The former is an algorithm that guarantees the correctness while the latter focuses on the efficiency with a slight sacrifice of the correctness Experiments on different types of video streams and synthetically generated stream data show the strength of our proposed algorithms.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.45-55
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• 2015

In this paper, we consider curriculum mining as an application of process mining in the domain of education. The basic objective of the curriculum mining is to construct a registration pattern model by using logs of registration data. However, subject registration patterns of students are very unstructured and complicated, called a spaghetti model, because it has a lot of different cases and high diversity of behaviors. In general, it is typically difficult to develop and analyze registration patterns. In the literature, there was an effort to handle this issue by using clustering based on the features of students and behaviors. However, it is not easy to obtain them in general since they are private and qualitative. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a new framework of curriculum mining applying K-means clustering based on subject attributes to solve the problems caused by unstructured process model obtained. Specifically, we divide subject's attribute data into two parts : categorical and numerical data. Categorical attribute has subject name, class classification, and research field, while numerical attribute has ABEEK goal and semester information. In case of categorical attribute, we suggest a method to quantify them by using binarization. The number of clusters used for K-means clustering, we applied Elbow method using R-squared value representing the variance ratio that can be explained by the number of clusters. The performance of the suggested method was verified by using a log of student registration data from an 'A university' in terms of the simplicity and fitness, which are the typical performance measure of obtained process model in process mining.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.199-207
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of donepezil and 33 kinds of herbal extract combinations in SH-SY5Y cells with $A{\beta}_{25-35}$ treatment. Methods: MTT assay was performed to measure the cell viability of each herbal extract combined with donepezil against $A{\beta}$-induced neurotoxicity. The most active extracts were then subjected to assess the effects on CREB phosphorylation and COX-2 expressions through the western blot analysis. Results: There were eight herbal extracts representing significant increase on the cell viability: 1) Erycibe obtusifolia, 2) Polygonum multiflorum, 3) Polygala tenuifolia, 4) Illicium verum, 5) Santalum album, 6) Loranthus parasticus, 7) Platycladus orientalis, and 8) Zanthoxylum piperitum. Especially, when Santalum album and donepezil were treated together, the phosphorylation of CREB significantly increased and COX-2 protein expression was significantly inhibited. Conclusions: Among the screened herbal extracts, combination treatment of each of the eight herbs and donepezil showed neuroprotective effects in SH-SY5Y cells. Additionally, the combination of Santalum album and donepezil suggested cognitive improvement by up-regulation of p-CREB and down-regulation of COX-2.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.43-52
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• 2020

With the advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, people need healing. Research in neuroarchitecture shows that people feel happy and stable when working with nature, and patients heal quickly. Therefore, This study aims to quantitatively analyze the colors that help psychological healing in the painting images depicting nature by setting 'Natural Colors' of Biophilic Design as the subject of research. So the purpose of this study was to measure Biophilic Color and to develop Biophilic Color Palette. We extracted Biophilic colors using Impressionist Monet's Landscape painting. After extracting colors using Photoshop Color Picker, we converted RGB color code to NCS color code and Munsell color code. The results of this study were as follows; The ratio of Y was high in the GY-series and YR-series. This is due to the characteristic of impressionism that expresses the change of color by light in close relationship with light. Y is universally considered to be pleasant, representing happiness, sunshine and optimism. Therefore, it is possible to create an environment that helps psychological healing by utilizing the Y-series color palette. Average Blackness was 28. Average Chromaticness was 34.61. The significance of this study is to propose a biophilic color palette that is useful for psychological healing by quantifying the color code of biophilic colors depicted and expressed with adjective images and idiomatic color names. Quantitative and empirical studies on healing colors are needed continuously and should be actively utilized in healing environment planning.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.133-148
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• 2021

The paper presents a simplified force-based seismic design procedure for the preliminary design of steel haunch retrofitting for the seismic upgrade of deficient RC frames. The procedure involved constructing a site-specific seismic design spectrum for the site, which is transformed into seismic base shear coefficient demand, using an applicable response modification factor, that defines base shear force for seismic analysis of the structure. Recent experimental campaign; involving shake table testing of ten (10), and quasi-static cyclic testing of two (02), 1:3 reduced scale RC frame models, carried out for the seismic performance assessment of both deficient and retrofitted structures has provided the basis to calculate retrofit-specific response modification factor Rretrofitted. The haunch retrofitting technique enhanced the structural stiffness, strength, and ductility, hence, increased the structural response modification factor, which is mainly dependent on the applied retrofit scheme. An additional retrofit effectiveness factor (ΩR) is proposed for the deficient structure's response modification factor Rdeficient, representing the retrofit effectiveness (ΩR=Rretrofitted /Rdeficient), to calculate components' moment and shear demands for the retrofitted structure. The experimental campaign revealed that regardless of the deficient structures' characteristics, the ΩR factor remains fairly the unchanged, which is encouraging to generalize the design procedure. Haunch configuration is finalized that avoid brittle hinging of beam-column joints and ensure ductile beam yielding. Example case study for the seismic retrofit designs of RC frames are presented, which were validated through equivalent lateral load analysis using elastic model and response history analysis of finite-element based inelastic model, showing reasonable performance of the proposed design procedure. The proposed design has the advantage to provide a seismic zone-specific design solution, and also, to suggest if any additional measure is required to enhance the strength/deformability of beams and columns.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.225-238
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• 2021

The ROC, TOC, and TROC curves, which are visually descriptive methods of exploring the performance of the binary classification model, are implemented with TP, TN, FP, FN which consist of the confusion matrix, as well as their ratios TPR, TNR, FPR, FNR. In this study, we consider two types odds and then propose an odds curve representing these odds. And show the relationship between the odds curve and ROC curve. Based on the odds curve, we propose not only two statistics that measure the discriminant power of the odds curve but also the criteria for validation ratings of the odds curve. According to the shape of the odds curves, two classification distributions can be estimated and a criterion for validation ratings can be determined. The odds curve can be meaningfully used like other visual methods, and two kinds of measures for the discriminant power can be also applied together as an alternative criterion.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.110-120
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to confirm the factor structure of the McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire-Revised (MQOL-R) in the context of Korean culture and to verify its reliability and validity. Methods: The participants comprised terminal cancer patients aged 25 or older, and data from 164 participants were analyzed. The study was conducted in the following order: translation, expert review, reverse translation, preliminary investigation and interviews, and completion of the final version. Confirmatory factor analysis was applied to evaluate the validity of the instrument, and the Beck Depression Inventory, Korean version (K-BDI) was applied to confirm the criterion validity of the MQOL-R Korean version. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient, representing internal consistency, was measured to evaluate reliability. Results: Cronbach's alpha for all 14 questions was 0.862. The model fit indices for confirmatory factor analysis were within the acceptance criteria. The factor loadings of all four factors were over 0.50, and convergent validity and discriminant validity were confirmed. Regarding criterion validity, a negative correlation was found between the four factors of MQOL-R Korean version and the K-BDI. Conclusion: The MQOL-R Korean version, the reliability and validity of which were verified in this study, is a 15-item tool consisting of 14 items dealing with four physical, psychological, existential, and social factors and a single item evaluating the overall quality of life. The MQOL-R Korean version is an instrument that can more concisely and effectively measure the quality of life of patients with life-threatening diseases.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.29-42
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• 2023

Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) is suggested and employed in the policy to conserve soil resources and to manage the impact of development, since soil loss is very essential to nonpoint source pollution management. The equation requires only five factors to estimate average annual potential soil loss, USLE is simplicity provides benefits in use of the equation. However, it is also limitation of the model, since the estimated results are very sensitive to the five factors. There is a need to examine the application procedures. Three approaches to estimate potential soil loss were examined, In the first approach, all factors were prepared with raster data, soil loss were computed for each cell, and sum of all cell values was determined as soil loss for the watersheds. In the second approach, the mean values for each factor were defined as representing USLE factors, and then the five factors were multiplied to determine soil loss for the watersheds. The third approach was same as the second approach, except that the Vegetative and Mechanical measure was used instead of the Cover and management factor and Support practice factor. The approaches were applied in 38 watersheds, they displayed significant difference, moreover no trends were detected for the soil loss at watersheds with the approaches. Therefore, it was concluded that there is a need to be developed and provided a typical guideline or public systems so that soil loss estimations have consistency with the users.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2022

Microfluidic radioimmunoassay (RIA) platform called µ-RIA spends less reagent and shorter reaction time for the analysis compared to the conventional tube-based radioimmunoassay. This study reported the design of µ-RIA chips optimized for the gamma counter which could measure the small samples of radioactive materials automatically. Compared with the previous study, the µ-RIA chips developed in this study were designed to be compatible with conventional RIA test tubes. And, the automatic gamma counter could detect radioactivity from the ¹²⁵I labeled anti-PSA attached to the chips. Effects of the multi-layer microchannels and two-phase flow in the µ-RIA chips were investigated in this study. The measured radioactivity from the ¹²⁵I labeled anti-PSA was linearly proportional to the number of stacked chips, representing that the radioactivity in µ-RIA platform could be amplified by designing the chips with multi-layers. In addition, we designed µ-RIA chip to generate liquid-gas plug flow inside the microfluidic channel. The plug flow can promote binding of the biomolecules onto the microfluidic channel surface with recirculation in the liquid phase. The ratio of liquid slug and air slug length was 1 : 1 when the ¹²⁵I labeled anti-PSA and the air were injected at 1 and 35 µL/min, respectively, exhibiting 1.6 times higher biomolecule attachment compared to the microfluidic chip without the air injection. This experimental result indicated that the biomolecular reaction was improved by generating liquid-gas slugs inside the microfluidic channel. In this study, we presented a novel µ-RIA chips that is compatible with the conventional gamma counter with automated sampler. Therefore, high-throughput radioimmunoassay can be carried out by the automatic measurement of radioactivity with reduced radiowaste generation. We expect the µ-RIA platform can successfully replace conventional tube-based radioimmunoassay in the future.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.269-275
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• 2023

Since the Abbe number is a value representing the chromatic dispersion of a transparent optical medium, its measurement is essential for multicolor or white light applications of an optical medium. In this study, the Abbe number in a transparent organic thin film was measured through a simple double-slit experiment, and the results agreed with that calculated from a known dispersion formula for this medium. Unlike conventional methods that calculate the Abbe number from the refractive indices measured at three specific wavelengths using dedicated equipment, the method proposed in this study is a very simple experiment to obtain the Abbe number of new optical media without measuring the refractive indices. We demonstrated that experiments at the undergraduate optics level can be utilized to measure the chromatic dispersion of optical media.