• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.148-159
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• 2018

This study empirically examined the influence of ownership structure(public/private) and revenue structure (high dependency on advertisement/low dependency on advertisement) of broadcasting companies upon journalists' perceptions regarding the degree of freedom in news reporting, the factors that limit freedom of press, satisfaction with the work autunomy and satisfaction with company's policies of news reporting and editing in light of resource dependency theory. The result showed that both the ownership structure and revenue structure of broadcasting companies influenced the journalists' perception regarding the degree of freedom in news gathering and reporting. It was also confirmed that only the revenue structure affected the level of satisfaction with work autonomy while the degree of satisfaction with the company's policies on editing and programing was influenced by the ownership structure. The perception of the factors that limit the freedom of press was found to be influenced only by the ownership structure, as did the satisfaction with policies on editing and programing. These results are very significant as they show that the level of dependence on advertising revenue affects journalists' news reporting, and that journalists of public broadcasting companies are influenced by the dependence on government or other political powers as well as on advertising revenue.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.67-86
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• 2006

In parallel with emphasizing more transparency and social responsibility of businesses, usage rate of XBRL, a XML-based language specific to business reporting, is rapidly increasing. XBRL takes the same approach with the standardization of B2B electronic documents in that it defines components (concepts and their structures) of business reporting documents using XSD(XML Schema Definition). However, it is fundamentally different from the standardization of B2B electronic documents because it restricts concepts to specific types and it defines diverse relationship types for connecting the concepts to themselves and other additional information. As XBRL applications are getting activated, one hot issue is the necessity for standardization of XBRL documents in the national level and reusing the components systematically This paper proposes an alternative based on the problem analysis in order to make it possible to standardize and reuse XBRL documents systematically by applying the UN/CEFACT Core Component methodology.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39A no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2014

As frequency resource has taken on greater importance, Cognitive Radio(CR) technology has been considered as the solution to improve spectrum utilization by allowing a secondary user to utilize a licensed band when the primary user is absent. So spectrum sensing is significant part of CR for high performance. Recently, cooperative spectrum sensing that secondary users share each sensing results is proposed to improve spectrum sensing accuracy. In this paper, OR rule based cooperative spectrum sensing scheme using reporting error probability which occurs in user to fusion center(FC) channel The simulation results show that proposed scheme mitigates false alarm probability limitation which appears in existing cooperative spectrum sensing scheme by restricting the number of cooperating users using reporting error probability.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.131-143
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• 2011

Objective : The aims of this study are to investigate the trend of internet journalism about the toxicity and safety of the herbal medicine, and to suggest the regulatory solution of the issue. Method : In this study, we had searched the internet news article published from 2001 to 2011 in the five major portal sites-NAVER, DAUM, Nate, Google Korean, and Yahoo Korean. The search terms were 'herbal medicine', 'adverse event', 'toxicity'. If the articles described the same event in the same form and tone, the articles were considered overlapping. The overlapped articles were excluded. The articles were categorized by the form and tone. The form categories were straight news, interpretative story, editorial, interview, and the tone categories are the positive, the negative, and the neutral. The regulations were searched about the negative issue. Result : Total 56 articles were reviewed. There were 19 positive articles, 29 negative articles, 8 neutral articles. Most negative issues have the proper regulations, but insufficient measures for the adverse event reporting system. Conclusion : The herbal medicine specified adverse event reporting system is essential.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.321-332
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• 2012

Purpose: This research was aimed to analyze the reports of qualitative researches published in Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing (KJWHN). Methods: Twenty qualitative researches using in-depth interviews or focus groups published in KJWHN during from 2002 to 2011 were selected for analysis. Selected reports were analyzed by consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ), which were a reporting guideline for qualitative researches, and consisted of thirty two items and three domains, i.e., (1) research team and reflexivity, (2) study design, and (3) data analysis and reporting. Results: Personal characteristics related to credentials, gender and interviewer's bias or assumption were less reported than other items in the 1st domain. In the 2nd domain, descriptions such as a presence of non-participants, pilot test for interview guide development, and transcript return to participants were less reported than other items. In the 3rd domain, items related to number of data coder, participants checking of the finding, and clarity of minor themes were less reported than other items. Conclusion: It could be concluded that COREQ is a useful guideline for reporting of qualitative studies. From these results, we suggest that full items of COREQ should be considered and described when researchers report qualitative research.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.43-73
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• 2016

Purpose: The aims of this study were to assess the presence of core patient safety practices in Korean hospitals and assess the differences in reporting and learning systems of patient safety, infrastructure, and safe practices by hospital characteristics. Methods: The authors developed a questionnaire including 39 items of patient safety staffing, health information system, reporting system, and event-specific prevention practices. The survey was conducted online or e-mail with 407 tertiary, general and specialty hospitals. Results: About 90% of hospitals answered the self-reporting system of patient safety related events is established. More than 90% of hospitals applied incidence monitoring or root cause analysis on healthcare-associated infection, in-facility pressure ulcers and falls, but only 60% did on surgery/procedure related events. More than 50% of the hospitals did not adopted present on admission (POA) indicators. One hundred (80.0%) hospitals had a department of patient safety and/or quality and only 52.8% of hospitals had a patient safety officer (PSO). While 82.4% of hospitals used electronic medical records (EMRs), only 53% of these hospitals adopted clinical decision support function. Infrastructure for patient safety except EMRs was well established in training, high-level and large hospitals. Most hospitals implemented prevention practices of adverse drug events, in-facility pressure ulcers and falls (94.4-100.0%). But prevention practices of surgery/procedure related events had relatively low adoption rate (59.2-92.8%). Majority of prevention practices for patient safety events were also implemented with a relatively modest increase in resources allocated. Conclusion: The hospital-based reporting and learning system, EMRs, and core evidence-based prevention practices were implemented well in high-level and large hospitals. But POA indicator and PSO were not adopted in more than half of surveyed hospitals and implementation of prevention practices for specific event had low. To support and monitor progress in hospital's patient safety effort, national-level safety practices set is needed.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.110-135
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• 2005

The objectives of this study were (1) to describe doctors' perception and attitudes toward patient safety culture and medical error reporting in their working unit and hospitals, (2) to examine whether these perception and attitudes differ by doctors' characteristics, such as sex, position, and specialties, and (3) to understand the relationship between overall perception of patient safety in their working unit and each sub domain of patient safety culture. A survey was conducted with 135 doctors working in a university hospital in Korea. After descriptive analyses and chi-square tests of subgroup differences, a multivariate-regression of overall perception of patient safety in their unit with sub-domains of patient safety culture was conducted. Overall, a significant proportion of doctors expressed negative perception of their working units' patient safety culture, many reporting potentials for patient safety problems to occur in their unit. They also negatively viewed their hospital leadership's commitment on patient safety. Regarding the patient safety in their working unit, doctors were most worried about staffing level and observance of safety procedures. Most doctors did not know how and which medical error to report. They also perceived that medical errors would work against them personally and penalize them. About 22 percent of respondents believed that even seriously harmful medical errors were not reported.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.251-264
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• 2017

Objectives : To identify the prevalence and types of spin in randomised controlled trials(RCTs) of obesity with statistically non-significant results for primary outcomes to provide adequate reporting directions. Methods : Spin is specific reporting strategy that could lead the readers to misinterpret the results of RCTs. RCTs on obesity with statistically non-significant primary outcomes published from July 2015 to June 2016 were retrieved from PubMed. All included RCTs were classified into 3 intervention categories. The identification and classification of spin in the included articles was performed by two independent researchers. Results : Among 46 RCTs with statistically non-significant primary outcomes, 32 studies were assessed as having at least one spin in title, abstract or main text. Of these, 9 articles were on complementary and alternative medicine, 7 on western medicine and 16 on dietary supplement and exercise. The frequency of spin among the types of interventions was similar. The most common type of spin was 'focusing on statistical significance within-group comparison' in results section of abstract and main text, and 'focusing only on treatment effectiveness with no consideration of statistical significance' in conclusion section of abstract and main text. Studies where random sequence generation was appropriately done was less likely to have spin. Conclusions : As a majority of obesity RCTs have spin, researchers should pay more attention to adequately interpreting and reporting statistically non-significant results.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.1208-1222
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• 2014

Due to the low utilization and scarcity of frequency spectrum in current spectrum allocation methodology, cognitive radio networks (CRNs) have been proposed as a promising method to solve the problem, of which spectrum sensing is an important technology to utilize the precious spectrum resources. In order to protect the primary user from being interfered, most of the related works focus only on the restriction of the missed detection probability, which may causes over-protection of the primary user. Thus the interference probability is defined and the interference-aware sensing model is introduced in this paper. The interference-aware sensing model takes the spatial conditions into consideration, and can further improve the network performance with good spectrum reuse opportunity. Meanwhile, as so many fading factors affect the spectrum channel, errors are inevitably exist in the reporting channel in cooperative sensing, which is improper to be ignored. Motivated by the above, in this paper, we study the throughput tradeoff for interference-aware cognitive radio networks over imperfect reporting channel. For the cooperative spectrum sensing, the K-out-of-N fusion rule is used. By jointly optimizing the sensing time and the parameter K value, the maximum throughput can be achieved. Theoretical analysis is given to prove the feasibility of the optimization and computer simulations also shows that the maximum throughput can be achieved when the sensing time and the parameter of K value are both optimized.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.31-39
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• 2017

Countries around the world have been engaging in automatic exchange of information to tackle tax evasion. The same goal became the basis of the enactment of the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) by the United States Congress. In order to establish a common approach to counter tax evasion among different countries, the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) released the Standard for Automatic Exchange of Financial Account Information in Tax Matters which consists of the Competent Authority Agreement (CAA) and the Common Reporting Standard (CRS). Specifically, the automatic exchange of information is the exchange of financial account information between Tax Authorities in relevant countries. The law requires this information to be collected by financial institutions around the world for reporting to Tax Authorities. Automatic exchange of Information is made up of two information sharing frameworks: The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) and The Common Reporting Standard (CRS). Under the automatic exchange of information, all financial institutions must identify accounts held by customers who are foreign tax residents or entities connected to foreign tax residents. Financial institutions must report these to the relevant Tax Authority who will then automatically exchange the account information with the relevant foreign Tax Authorities. Korean government has enacted domestic laws to require financial institutions to collect and report this information and has entered into international agreements to exchange the information with other governments. This paper analyzed the FATCA and CRS rules overall and proposed solutions for the legal and practical issues. This paper contributes to the existing literature on the automatic exchange of information by considering two information sharing frameworks.