• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.105-108
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• 2011

Aconitine is an anti-inflammatory agent with therapeutic uses in oriental medicine as an analgesic and for treatment of stroke. Because of its sodium channel effect, aconitine can promote undesirable, wide complex tachyarrhythmia. If tachycardia develops during use of aconitine, class Ia and class III anti arrhythmic drugs can be utilized for treatment. However there are no single anti-arrhythmia agents which are uniformly effective. We report a case, characterized by wide complex tachyarrhythmia and severe hypotension, which was successfully treated by simultaneous injections of amiodarone and lidocaine. A 59-year-old woman exhibiting clinical signs of drowsiness as a result of ingesting 6 g of aconitine, was admitted to the emergency department. Initially, wide complex tachyarrhythmia (ventricular tachycardia and pulse rate of 180 beats/min) and severe hypotension (blood pressure of 53/26 mmHg) was observed. After simultaneous injection of amiodarone and lidocaine, the patient's rhythm pattern changed to an accelerated junctional rhythm with ventricular premature complex. Two hours later, the patient's heart pattern became a sinus rhythm. As demonstrated by this case, simultaneous injections of amiodarone and lidocaine can be useful in treating ventricular arrhythmia induced by aconitine.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.442-449
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• 1984

Turbulent jet flow has been studied in many ways; a plane jet, a rectangular jet, an annular jet, a round jet, a wall jet, a parallel jet, a valve jet, a cross jet, a slit jet and etc. In this report, a 45.deg. cross jet flow was tried by using two same dimensioned nozzels(dia..phi.20)which were set up at the exit of the subsonic wind tunnel. Each jet flows to the direction of 22.5.deg. to the axis of downstream of the mixed flow. The centerline of each jet meets at the distance of 217.3mm and their mixing flow could be imagined to develop beyond that distance, so the measurement was effectuated at X/X$_{0}$=1.2-1.5. The section of the mixed flow a elliptic circle which is formed by the 22.5.deg. inclined flows to the X direction. This experimental study aimed at the investigation of the turbulent mixing process of two jets; the mean velocities, the turbulent shear stresses, the correlation coefficients, and the momentum were respectively measured. The mean velocity distribution profiles of the down-stream component measured in the Y direction coincide well with the empirical equation of Gortler and those measured in the Z direction agree with the equation of H. Schlichting. Other mean velocities V over bar and W over bar components were randomly distributed. The higher values with same order of the intensity of turbulence were largely distributed at the central part of the flow. The momentum was decreased up to 70% by the shock losses and the development of intense turbulences, but it kept its value constantly beyond X/d=14. Two-channel hot-wire anemometer systems (model 1050 series), X-type hot-wire made of tungsten (dia. .phi.e.mu.m, long 3mm, model 0252 T5), a computer(model HP 9845B0, and a plotter (model HP 9872C) were used for the experiments and the analyses.s.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.337-342
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• 2008

Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) represent a potentially valuable cell type for clinical therapeutic applications. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of long-term culturing (up to $10^{th}$ passages) of hBM-MSCs from eight individual amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, focusing on functional ion channels. All hBM-MSCs contain several MSCs markers with no significant differences, whereas the distribution of functional ion channels was shown to be different between cells. Four types of $K^+$ currents, including noise-like $Ca^{+2}$-activated $K^+$ current ($IK_{Ca}$), a transient outward $K^+$ current ($I_{to}$), a delayed rectifier $K^+$ current ($IK_{DR}$), and an inward-rectifier $K^+$ current ($K_{ir}$) were heterogeneously present in these cells, and a TTX-sensitive $Na^+$ current ($I_{Na,TTX}$) was also recorded. In the RT-PCR analysis, Kv1.1,, heag1, Kv4.2, Kir2.1, MaxiK, and hNE-Na were detected. In particular, ($I_{Na,TTX}$) showed a significant passage-dependent increase. This is the first report showing that functional ion channel profiling depend on the cellular passage of hBM-MSCs.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.114-121
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• 2014

We report a polysilicon active area membrane field effect transistor (PSAFET) pressure sensor for low stress deflection of membrane. The PSAFET was produced in conventional FET semiconductor fabrication and backside wet etching. The PSAFET located at the front side measured pressure change using 300 nm thin-nitride membrane when a membrane was slightly strained by the small deflection of membrane shape from backside with any physical force. The PSAFET showed high sensitivity around threshold voltage, because threshold voltage variation was composed of fractional function form in sensitivity equation of current variation. When gate voltage was biased close to threshold voltage, a fractional function form had infinite value at $V_{tn}$, which increased the current variation of sensitivity. Threshold voltage effect was dominant right after the PSAFET was turned on. Narrow transistor channel established by small current flow was choked because electron could barely cross drain-source electrodes. When gate voltage was far from threshold voltage, threshold voltage effect converged to zero in fractional form of threshold voltage variations and drain current change was mostly determined by mobility changes. As the PSAFET fabrication was compatible with a polysilicon FET in CMOS fabrication, it could be adapted in low pressure sensor and bio molecular sensor.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.10C
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• pp.992-1000
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• 2009

Available electric wave resources have been limited than frequency demands that increase with the development of radio communication. According to FCC's (Federal Communication Commission) report, 70% of allocated spectrum was unused. This means that the lack phenomenon of electronic wave resources is ineffectively managed compare with the finiteness of frequency resources. According to the recognition of unused frequency within allocated band, this progress has been investigating to identify the unused TV channel and provide radio communication services. This paper proposed the sensing algorithm that efficiently recognizes the frequency resources which does not use and shares with the licensed user through using the multi-band CIC (Cascaded Integrator Comb) filter based on polyphase filter bank. The simulation results verifies that the proposed scheme can obtain the similar performance of variance and relatively low complexity to the existing scheme.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.91-98
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• 2012

A group key exchange (GKE) protocol is designed to allow a group of parties communicating over a public network to establish a common secret key. As group-oriented applications gain popularity over the Internet, a number of GKE protocols have been suggested to provide those applications with a secure multicast channel. Among the many protocols is Yi et al.'s password-based GKE protocol in which each participant is assumed to hold their individual password registered with a trusted server. A fundamental requirement for password-based key exchange is security against off-line dictionary attacks. However, Yi et al.'s protocol fails to meet the requirement. In this paper, we report this security problem with Yi et al.'s protocol and show how to solve it.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.15A no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2008

Message races should be detected for debugging effectively message-passing programs because they can cause non-deterministic executions of a program. Previous tools for detecting message races report that message races occur in every receive operation which is expected to receive any messages. However message races might not occur in the receive operation if each of messages is transmitted through a different logical communication channel so that their incorrect detection makes it a difficult task for programmers to debug programs. In this paper we suggest a tool, MPIRace-Check, which can exactly detect message races by checking the concurrency between send/receive operations, and by inspecting the logical communication channels of the messages. To detect message races, this tool uses the vector timestamp to check if send and receive operations are concurrent during an execution of a program and it also uses the message envelop to inspect if the logical communication channels of transmitted messages are the same. In our experiment, we show that our tool can exactly detect message races with efficiency using MPI_RTED and a benchmark program. By detecting message races exactly, therefore, our tool enables programmers to develop reliable parallel programs reducing the burden of debugging.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.13.1-13.1
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• 2009

Transparent electronics has attracted many interests, for it can open new applications for consumer electronics, transportation, business, and military. Among them, display backplane, thin film transistor (TFT) array would be the most attractive application. Many researchers have been investigating oxide semiconductors for transparent channel material of TFT since the report for transparent amorphous oxide semiconductor (TAOS) TFT by Hosono group and ZnO TFT by Wager group. Especially, oxide TFTs have been intensively investigated during a couple of years since the first demonstration of ZnO-TFT driving AM-OLED. Many papers regarding the fabrication and performance of oxide TFTs, and active matrix display driven by oxide TFTs have been reported. Now lots of people have confidence in the competitiveness of oxide TFTs for the backplane of AM-Display. Especially, high mobility, uniformity, fairly good stability, and low cost process make oxide TFTs applied even to a large size AM-OLED. Last year, Samsung mobile display, former SID, reported 12" AM-OLED driven by IZGO-TFT and it seems that the remained issue for the mass production is the bias temperature stability. Here, we will introduce the application of oxide TFT and important issue for oxide TFT to be used for the direct printing.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.29-38
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• 2002

Recently, types of mobile services are ever-growing with technological advances, such as CDMA 2000, 256 Color LCD, 16 channel sound chip set and easy internet access. However, manual system that is supposed to support users for finding features and functions doesn't help users most of the cases since users are moving. Therefore, mobile sonics needs new concept for manual system that can support users while they are in use In this research report, new concept for interactive manual system is suggested. Then a guideline for interactive manual system is developed as a result from three empirical studies. First, ten information visualization methods used for describing functions are positioned on user's perception map. Secondly, user behavior pattern of getting required information from written manual was analyzed. Finally, visual cue system was selected as one of options for developing interactive manual system and a guideline was developed based on these research results.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.45-56
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• 2010

Sensor Networks are composed of many sensor nodes, which are capable of sensing, computing, and communicating with each other, and one or more sink node(s). Sensor networks collect information of various objects' identification and surrounding environment. Due to the limited resources of sensor nodes, use of wireless channel, and the lack of infrastructure, sensor networks are vulnerable to security threats. Most research of sensor networks have focused on how to detect and counter one type of attack. However, in real sensor networks, it is impractical to predict the attack to occur. Additionally, it is possible for multiple attacks to occur in sensor networks. In this paper, we propose the Secure Routing Mechanism to Defend Multiple Attacks in Sensor Networks. The proposed mechanism improves and combines existing security mechanisms, and achieves higher detection rates for single and multiple attacks.