• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.189-196
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• 2020

We have developed a device for recording biological data by inserting three electrodes and a needle with an angular velocity sensor into the moth for the purpose of measuring the electromyogram of the flapping and the corresponding lift force. With this measurement, it is possible to evaluate the moth-physiological function of moths, and the amount of pesticides that insects are exposed to (currently LD50-based standards), especially the amount of chronic low-concentration exposure, can be reduced the dose. We measured and recorded 2-channel electromyography (EMG) and angular velocity corresponding to pitch angle (pitch-like angle) associated with wing flapping for 100 sweet potato hawkmoths (50 females and 50 males) with the animals suspended and constrained in air. Overall, the angular velocity and amplitude of EMG signals demonstrated high correlation, with a correlation coefficient of R = 0.792. In contrast, the results of analysis performed on the peak-to-peak (PP) EMG intervals, which correspond to the RR intervals of ECG signals, indicated a correlation between ΔF fluctuation and angular velocity of R = 0.379. Thus, the accuracy of the regression curve was relatively poor. Using a DC amplification circuit without capacitive coupling as the EMG amplification circuit, we confirmed that the baseline changes at the gear change point of wing flapping. The following formula gives the lift provided by the wing: angular velocity × thoracic weight - air resistance - (eddy resistance due to turbulence). In future studies, we plan to attach a micro radio transmitter to the moths to gather data on potential energy, kinetic energy, and displacement during free flight for analysis. Such physiological functional evaluations of moths may alleviate damage to insect health due to repeated exposure to multiple agrochemicals and may lead to significant changes in the toxicity standards, which are currently based on LD50 values.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.2391-2395
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• 2015

Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of response to continuous-infusion ifosfamide and doxorubicin combination as second-line chemotherapy for patients with recurrent or refractory osteosarcoma. Materials and Methods: Eighteen recurrent or refractory osteosarcoma patients who were treated with continuous-infusion ifosfamide and doxorubicin combination between May 1999 and April 2011 were included in the analysis. Ifosfamide at $12g/m^2$ was administered by intravenous continuous infusion over 3 days, and doxorubicin $60mg/m^2$ was administered as an intravenous bolus injection on day 1. The combination therapy was repeated every 3 weeks. Treatment was continued until evidence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Results: The patients (ages 7-53 years) received a total of 42 cycles of chemotherapy (median: 2 courses; range: 2-5 courses). The overall response rate was 0% and the disease control rate was 22.3%, with four patients having stable disease. The median time to progression and overall survival time were 2 months (range: 2-5 months) and 9 months (range: 3-29 months), respectively. Major severe toxicities were leucopenia 7 (38.9%), nausea and vomiting 3 (16.7%) and alopecia 9 (50%). There were no treatment-related deaths. Conclusions: In our experience, continuous-infusion ifosfamide and doxorubicin combination therapy at this dosage and schedule was found to be well tolerated and moderate effective, which could be considered as salvage therapy for patients with recurrent or refractory osteosarcoma. Further assessment is necessary to confirm the safety and efficacy of this treatment.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1158-1163
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• 2006

More than 95% of lead, a environmental heavy metal, entering into blood accumulates in erythrocytes suggesting erythrocytes as an important target of lead toxicity. Recent studies reported that erythrocytes could contribute to blood coagulation via phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure in erythrocytes. However, in vivo effects of chronic lead exposure especially by drink-ing water on procoagulant activity of erythrocytes have not been studied yet. In the present study, we investigated the effects of chronic exposure of lead by drinking water on erythrocytes in rats. Groups of 40 male rats were provided with drinking water containing various concentrations of lead for 4 weeks and complete blood cell count, procoagulant activities of erythrocytes and platelets were evaluated with basic inspections on body weight and food/water consumption. The administration of lead containing drinking water increased the blood lead level (BLL) in a dose-dependent manner up to $22.39{\pm}2.26\;{\mu}g/dL$. Water consumption was significantly decreased while food consumption or body weight gain was not affected. In contrast to the previous findings with acute lead exposure, chronic lead exposure failed to increase PS exposure in erythrocytes with statistical significance although some trends of enhancement were observed. It implies that a certain adaptation might have happened in body during repeated exposure to lead, resulting in attenuation of PS exposure. With this study, we believe that a valuable information was provided for the study on the toxicological significance and the risk assessment of lead contaminated drinking water.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.119-126
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• 1993

From 1988 to 1991, nineteen patients with unresectable localized pancreatic carcinoma were treated with radiotherapy and/or hyperthermia or in combination with chemotherapy. Radiation dose of 4500-5000 cGy with or without additional 500-1000 cGy was administered over 5 to 6 weeks to the pancreatic tumor area using 10 MV linear accelerator. Five of 19 patients were given chemotherapy, either neoadjuvant or maintenance setting with FAM regimen (5-FU, adriamycin and mitomycin C), which was repeated every 4 weeks for one year or until progression. Symptomatic palliation was achieved in 17 among 19 patients ($89{\%}$) and objective response (complete or partial response in CT finding) was achieved in 5 among 11 patients ($45{\%}$). The median survival time was 9 months and one-year survival rate, $32{\%}$. Local-regional failure was documented in 10 among 13 patients ($77{\%}$) and distant failures were found in the liver (3 patients) and carcinomatosis (2 patients). Prognostic significance of various factors such as age, sex, performance status, tumor location, stage, etc. were assessed. Any factors did not have the prognostic significance in univariate analysis. Treatment was well tolerated in most of the patients with only mild to moderate toxicity.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.77-88
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was aim to evaluate effects of pharmacodynamics and toxicity in combination therapy of donepezil with Gongjindan. Methods : After 10mg/kg of donepezil treatment, Gongjindan 100mg/kg was administered within 5 min. The plasma were collected at 30min before administration, 30min, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 24hrs after end of Gongjindan treatment, and plasma concentrations of donepezil were analyzed using LC-MS/MS methods. PK parameters of donepezil were analysis as compared with donepezil single administered rats. Results : Gongjindan markedly inhibited the absorption of donepezil regardless of sample time, from 30min to 8hrs after end of co-administration comparing with donepezil single treated rats. Especially the absorption of donepezil was significantly decreased at 2hrs after co-administration as compared with donepezil single treated rats, in the present study. Accordingly, the Cmax(-27.76%), $AUC_{0-t}$(-27.22%) and $AUC_{0-inf}$(-26.54%) of donepezil in co-administered rats were significantly decreased as compared with donepezil single treated rats, respectively. Conclusions : Based on the results of the present study, co-administration of Gongjindan decreases the oral bioavailability of donepezil by inhibiting the absorption. It is considered that the more detail pharmacokinetic studies should betested to conclude the effects of Gongjindan on the pharmacokinetics of donepezil, when they were co-administered, like the effects after co-administration with reasonable intervals considering the Tmax of donepezil and after repeated co-administrations.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2014

Five lignan glycosides, seven megastigmane glycosides, and seven phenolic compounds were isolated by repeated column chromatography from the MeOH extract of Salsola komarovii. Their structures were determined to be lariciresinol-9-O-${\beta}$-$\small{D}$-glucopyranoside (1), alangilignoside C (2), conicaoside (3), (+)-lyoniresinol 9'-O-${\beta}$-$\small{D}$-glucopyranoside (4), (8S,8'R,7'R)-9'-[(${\beta}$-glucopyranosyl)oxy]lyoniresinol (5), blumenyl B ${\beta}$-$\small{D}$-glucopyranoside (6), blumenyl A ${\beta}$-$\small{D}$-glucopyranoside (7), staphylionoside D (8), icariside $B_2$ (9), (6R,9S)-3-oxo-${\alpha}$-ionol ${\beta}$-$\small{D}$-glucopyranoside (10), 3-oxo-${\alpha}$-ionol 9-O-${\beta}$-$\small{D}$-apiofuranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}6$)-${\beta}$-$\small{D}$-glucopyranoside (11), blumenol B 9-O-${\beta}$-$\small{D}$-apiofuranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}6$)-${\beta}$-$\small{D}$-glucopyranoside (12), benzyl 6-O-${\beta}$-$\small{D}$-apiofuranosyl-${\beta}$-$\small{D}$-glucopyranoside (13), canthoside C (14), tachioside (15), isotachioside (16), biophenol 2 (17), 2-(3,4-dihydroxy)-phenyl-ethyl-${\beta}$-$\small{D}$-glucopyranoside (18), and cuneataside C (19) by spectroscopic methods. All the isolated compounds 1 - 19 were reported from this source for the first time. Compounds 2, 3 and 6 upregulated NGF secretion to $118.8{\pm}3.6%$, $128.2{\pm}9.3%$ and $111.1{\pm}7.1%$ without significant cell toxicity.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.13-30
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• 1985

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of lead on organisms. Mice received 15mg or 30mg of lead acetate per kg body weight every day for 1, 2 or 3 weeks, and the livers and kidneys were removed 24h after repeated injections. The livers and kidneys were used as sources for measurement of enzyme activities and for observation of alterations in ultrastructure. It was observed that body weights of mice treated with lead acetate were decreased when compared with those before treatment. This decrease in body weight was proportional to dose. The enzyme activities of succinate and malate dehydrogenases of experimental group that was treated with lead acetate for 1 week were nearly unchanged when compared with controls, but the enzyme activities of experimental group that was treated with lead acetate for 2 or 3 weeks were lower than those of controls. Changes in the enzyme activities were dependent on, but were not proportional to dose. Histologic examination of livers and kidneys after lead treatment showed that lead compound was accumulated and damaged in nucleus and mitochondria mainly. It was also observed that intranuclear inclusion bodies were formed only in epithelial cell of kidney proximal tubule after lead treatment. The overall changes in the ultrastructure were much greater in the livers than in the kidneys. From the above results, it nay be possible to conclude that the lead results in the decrease in body weight, reduction in the succinate dehydrogenate and malate dehydrogenase activities, and damages in the ultrastructure of kidney and liver in mouse. The presence of intranuclear inclusion bodies only in the kidney implies that these bodies protect the kidney from lead toxicity to some extent.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.61.1-61.10
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• 2022

Background: Although there are growing demands for stem cell-based therapy for companion animals in various diseases, a few clinical trials have been reported. Moreover, most of them are the results from only one or a few times of stem cell injection. Objectives: The aim of this study is to describe a long-term treatment with allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in a dog with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which is a rare canine disease. Methods: The dog with RA received intravascular injection of allogeneic ASCs derived from two healthy donors once a month for 11 months. To assess therapeutic effects of ASCs, orthopedic examination and clinical evaluation was performed. Cytokines of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in the plasma were measured using ELISA analysis. Results: Despite this repeated and long-term administration of allogeneic ASCs, there were no side effects such as immunorejection responses or cell toxicity. The orthopedic examination score for the dog decreased after ASCs treatment, and the clinical condition of the dog and owner's satisfaction were very good Conclusions: Although ASCs has been suggested as one of the options for RA treatment because of its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive functions, it has never been used to treat RA in dogs. The present report describes a case of canine RA treated with allogeneic ASCs for long-term in which the dog showed clinical improvement without adverse effects.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.712-722
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• 2022

In this study, we investigated the residual properties of tebuconazole-treated pigs. Twenty pigs were treated with different concentrations (0.25, 1.25, 2.5, 12.5, and 25 mg/kg bw/d) of tebuconazole for 28 d. Blood biochemistry, histology, and residual levels were analyzed using the VetTest analyzer, Masson's trichrome staining kit, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. The final body weights were not significantly different between the control and treatment groups. Alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, cholesterol, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels were significantly different from those of the control after exposure for 14 d. However, alanine aminotransferase levels showed changes only after exposure to pesticides for 28 d. The biochemical parameters were separated during the experimental period (14 d versus 28 d) by principal component analysis. Based on variable importance plots, blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio, blood urea nitrogen, glucose, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase are candidate biomarkers for tebuconazole exposure. The residual levels were observed at T4 (12.5 mg/kg bw/d) and T5 (25 mg/kg bw/d) in the liver and fat tissues, respectively. Fibrosis increased in the liver, kidney, and fat tissues, depending on the tebuconazole concentration. In conclusion, the residue limits of tebuconazole and the physiological changes caused by dietary tebuconazole in pigs provide important information for establishing maximum residue limits of pork and pork products.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.263-268
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• 2010

This study was demonstrate a repeated oral dose toxicity of detoxication sulphur in 8-weeks-old female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The rats were treated with dose of 0.2%, 1%, 5% detoxication sulphur and 1% sulphur of feed consumption administered for 13 weeks. To evaluate the safety of detoxication sulfur, we examined the body weight, the feed intake, the clinical signs, the ophthalmological test, the hematological and the serum biochemical analysis. We also observed the histopathological changes of liver and kidney in rats. As a result, no significant differences in body weight, feed intake, hematological examination and histopathological between control and detoxication sulphur treatment group were found. Serum biochemical results were not shown significant differences in 0.2% and 1% the treated groups compared with control group. But glucose level were decrease, also ALT and ALP level were increase in 5% treated group. All of these results indicate that 1% detoxication sulphur of feed consumption may be safety in SD rat.