• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.111-121
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• 1999

Cervus elaphus (CE), being known to reinforce Kidney, have tested to study the effects concerning damages of renal tissue induced by oxygen free radicals. I had observed the effects of CE extract on damages of rat's kidney following ischemia and reflow. Before ischemia was caused, CE extract was applied $0.2m{\ell}$ per 250g through femoral vein in ischemia and reflow group and normal sailine was applied in normal group, Ischemia was caused by renal artery's clamp for 60 min and reflowed by clamp remove after 30 min. It was increased on the content of lipid peroxidation, activies and type conversion ratio of xanthine oxidase following ischemia and reflow. by clamp remove after 30 min. It was increased on the content of lipid peroxidation, activies and type conversion ratio of xanthine oxidase following ischemia and reflow. However, they were decreased when CE extract was pre-applied. Glutathione level was decreased in ischemia and reflow group, and increased in CE extract's pre-applied group. However, it could not seen special changes on aldehyde oxidase activities, either. In conclusion, CE extract recovers the damage of kidney due to ischemia and reflow by decreasing the lipid peroxidation.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.165-174
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• 2017

Background: Traditional plant drugs, are less toxic and free from side effects compared to general synthetic drugs. They have been used for the treatment of diabetes and associated renal damage. In this study, we evaluated effect of Hachimi-jio-gan against diabetic renal damage in a rat model of type 1 diabetic nephropathy induced by subtotal nephrectomy plus streptozotocin (STZ) injection, and in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and db/db mice as a model of human type 2 diabetes, and its associated complications. To explore the active components of Hachimi-jio-gan, the antidiabetic effect of corni fructus, a consituent of Hachimi-jio-gan, and 7-O-galloyl-${{\small}D}$-sedoheptulose, a phenolic compound isolated from corni fructus, were investigated. Methods and Results: We conducted an extensive literature search, and all required data were collected and systematically organized. The findings were reviewed and categorized based on relevance to the topic. A summary of all the therapeutic effects were reported as figures and tables. Conclusions: Hachimi-jio-gan serves as a potential therapeutic agent to against the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetic nephropathy. From the results of characterization active components of corni fructus, 7-O-galloyl-${\small}D$-sedoheptulose is considered to play an important role in preventing and/or delaying the onset of diabetic renal damage. 7-O-Galloyl-${\small}D$-sedoheptulose is expected to serve as a novel therapeutic agent against the development of diabetic nephropathy.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.868-873
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• 2004

Renal dysfunction could be developed as the secondary disease of liver cirrhosis. Delayed or suppresed lipid peroxidation by the treatment with physiological active substances could be explained as the antioxidative and protective effect in tissue damage. In this study, we investigated an antioxidative effect and renal function improvement of Hovenia dulcis in liver fibrosis(cirrhosis) induced rats. The female Sprague-Dawley rats (180∼210 g) were divided into 3 groups (Normal, AC: CCl₄ mixture treated group, AC-HV: CCl₄ mixture+ Hovenia dulcis treated group) and renal damage was developed by CCl₄ mixture administration in 4 weeks (0.8 ㎖/rat). The tissue of kidney and liver and sera were used for quantitative measurement of enzyme activity, MDA and Hyp. The histological change and gene expression of collagen α1(III) mRNA and a1(IV) mRNA were observed by Masson's trichrome staining and RT-PCR. As a result, the clinical biochemical parameters of liver function (AST and ALT) in sera of AC-HV group showed significantly 46.4% and 104.8% lower (p<0.005), and the level of ALP and BUN as the parameter of protein urine and azotemia showed 17.8 % and 25.8 % lower than in AC group. In AC-HV group, the concentration of MDA in kidney and liver was decreased significantly 15.8% and 21.3% when compared with AC group (p<0.01 -0.005). The content of Hyp in kidney of AC-HV group is merely higher than in AC group, in contrast to liver tissue. The expression of collagen α1(III) mRNA and collagen α1(IV) mRNA was decreased in AC, but both of collagen mRNA in normal and AC-HV group expressed fast similar. More massive lipid droplets, thicker collagen fiber bundles in portal triads and more formation of portal central septum were observed in the liver of AC group than in AC-HV group. In conclusion, CCl₄ mixture intoxication could be developed not only liver fibrosis(cirrhosis) but also renal dysfunction by the massive lipid peroxidation and suppression of interstitial collagen and basement membrane collagen synthesis. And the water extract of Hovenia dulcis may be possessed the antioxidative and protective effect and improvement of kidney function in renal dysfunction induced rats.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.661-670
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• 2018

Fimasartan, a new angiotensin II receptor antagonist, reduces myocyte damage and stabilizes atherosclerotic plaque through its anti-inflammatory effect in animal studies. We investigated the protective effects of pretreatment with fimasartan on ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in a mouse model of ischemic renal damage. C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with or without 5 (IR-F5) or 10 (IR-F10) mg/kg/day fimasartan for 3 days. Renal ischemia was induced by clamping bilateral renal vascular pedicles for 30 min. Histology, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis assays were evaluated 24 h after IRI. Compared to the untreated group, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels were significantly lower in the IR-F10 group. IR-F10 kidneys showed less tubular necrosis and interstitial fibrosis than untreated kidneys. The expression of F4/80, a macrophage infiltration marker, and tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$, decreased in the IR-F10 group. High-dose fimasartan treatment attenuated the upregulation of $TNF-{\alpha}$, interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, and IL-6 in ischemic kidneys. Fewer TUNEL positive cells were observed in IR-F10 compared to control mice. Fimasartan caused a significant decrease in caspase-3 activity and the level of Bax, and increased the Bcl-2 level. Fimasartan preserved renal function and tubular architecture from IRI in a mouse ischemic renal injury model. Fimasartan also attenuated upregulation of inflammatory cytokines and decreased apoptosis of renal tubular cells. Our results suggest that fimasartan inhibited the process of tubular injury by preventing apoptosis induced by the inflammatory pathway.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 돼지의 신장 자가이식에서 항산화제에 의한 허혈 및 재관류 손상의 감소에 대하여 ascorbic acid와 alpha-tocopherol이 미치는 영향을 평가하는 데 있다. 6두의 어린 돼지에 자가 신장 이식을 실시하였으며, 처치군에서는 수술 2일전 비타민 C와 E를 이틀 동안 전처치 하고, 그 뒤에 수술 중 비타민 C와 heparin이 첨가된 생리식염수를 절제되어 자가 이식할 신장에 관주하였다. 대조군에서는 수술 중 heparin이 첨가된 생리 식염수만을 절제되어 자가 이식할 신장에 관주하였다. 신장 기능을 평가하기 위하여 혈액 샘플을 채취하였으며, 수술 전, 수술 후 1, 3, 7, 14일에 혈청 creatinine과 BUN을 측정하였다. 그리고 병리조직 검사를 위해 14일 후 신장을 적출 보관하였다. 신장의 기능 검사에서 대조군과 처치군 사이에서 전체적인 유의성은 없었지만, 1일째, 3일째 또는 5일째에 두 그룹간의 유의적인 차이가 인정되었다 (p<0.05). 병리조직 검사 결과 처치군이 대조군 보다 더 적은 조직 손상의 정도를 보였다. 이러한 결과는, 비타민 C와 heparin을 이용한 신장의 관주 및 흡인의 과정이 신장의 허혈 및 재관류 손상을 감소시키는 데에 효과가 있었음을 시사하며, 이는 돼지의 신장 자가 이식에서 허혈 및 재관류의 손상을 감소시키며 신기능의 회복에 효과가 있음을 시사하는 바이다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2015

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the effects of $LR_3$ and $SP_6$ acupuncture on renal damage in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Methods : ICR male mice were stabilized for a week and divided into four groups: a normal mice group(N), no-acupuncture diabetic mice group(Control), $LR_3$ acupuncture diabetic mice group($LR_3$), and $SP_6$ acupuncture diabetic mice group($SP_6$). Diabetes was experimentally induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ(150 mg/kg) in citrate buffer(pH 4.5). For two weeks, $LR_3$ and $SP_6$ acupunctures were administered bilaterally at each point once a day. After two weeks, the animals' weight was measured and they underwent a laparotomy. Serum glucose and blood urea nitrogen(BUN) were measured from the blood taken from the heart. We measured glucose, reactive oxygen species(ROS), peroxynitrite($ONOO^-$) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) in the kidney and compared expression levels of superoxide dismutases(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GPx), nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-${\kappa}B$), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) and Interleukin-1 beta(IL-$1{\beta}$). Results : BUN significantly decreased in $LR_3$, $SP_6$ compared to the control group. $LR_3$ showed significantly decreased glucose compared to the control group. $LR_3$, $SP_6$ significantly decreased in ROS and $ONOO^-$ compared to the control group. $LR_3$ significantly decreased in TBARS compared to the control group. $SP_6$ significantly increased in expressions of SOD-1, catalase, and GPx compared to the control group. $LR_3$, $SP_6$ significantly decreased in COX-2 compared to the control group. $SP_6$ significantly decreased in IL-$1{\beta}$ compared to the control group. Conclusions : This study suggests that $LR_3$ acupuncture may be effective in controlling glucose and lipid peroxidation and that $SP_6$ acupuncture may have anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects on renal damage in STZ-induced diabetic mice.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.237-238
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• 2008

Myoclonus is a rare side effect of gabapentin (GBP) and has been reported in patients with preexisting myoclonus, mental retardation, chronic static encephalopathy, diffuse brain damage, impaired renal function, or end stage renal disease. We report a case of myoclonus in a patient with normal renal function and no previous disorders. A 69-year-old female underwent diskectomy and foraminotomy at the left L4-L5 level. Post-operatively, she complained of paresthesia in her left leg, which was thought to be due to root manipulation during surgery. To relieve the paresthesia, she was given tramadol, an oral opioid agonist, and GBP. One week after GBP was increased to 900 mg per day, myoclonus developed, which severely impaired her normal activity. Her symptoms resolved 2 days after discontinuation of GBP. The coadministration of tramadol and GBP may mutually enhance the myoclonic potential of each drug. The causal relationship between GBP and myoclonus was suggested by cessation of myoclonus after GBP discontinuation despite continued therapy with tramadol.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.139-142
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• 1970

A Case of thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm involving from the lower descending- thoracic aorta to bifurcation of abdominal aorta into both common iliac artery is presented in special view-point of its surgical technic and postoperative complication. Operative technic is the most popular method of Dr. De Bakey's shunt of Dacron which is bridging thoracic aorta to terminal abdominal aorta primarily as temporary shunt but after anastomosing the individual hranch of left Renal, Celiac, Sup. meseateric and right Renal artery to corresponding part of the Dacron tube, the Dacroa graft is fixed as permanent graft in stead of excised thoraco-abdominal aorta. The patient died of acute renal failure and increasing evidence of CNS damage due to respiratory acidosis on 6th postoperative day hut this report will he a good experience in respect of further progress of aortic surgery in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.894-908
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• 2019

Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage renal disease, as it extends survival and increases quality of life in these patients. However, chronic allograft injury continues to be a major problem, and leads to eventual graft loss. Early detection of allograft injury is essential for guiding appropriate intervention to delay or prevent irreversible damage. Several advanced MRI techniques can offer some important information regarding functional changes such as perfusion, diffusion, structural complexity, as well as oxygenation and fibrosis. This review highlights the potential of multiparametric MRI for noninvasive and comprehensive assessment of renal allograft injury.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.196-202
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• 2016

Background: Ginsenoside Rd (GSRd), a main component of the root of Panax ginseng, exhibits anti-inflammation functions and decreases infarct size in many injuries and ischemia diseases such as focal cerebral ischemia. M1 Macrophages are regarded as one of the key inflammatory cells having functions for disease progression. Methods: To investigate the effect of GSRd on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) and macrophage functional status, and their regulatory role on mouse polarized macrophages in vitro, GSRd (10-100 mg/kg) and vehicle were applied to mice 30 min before renal IRI modeling. Renal functions were reflected by blood serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen level and histopathological examination. M1 polarized macrophages infiltration was identified by flow cytometry analysis and immunofluorescence staining with $CD11b^+$, $iNOS^+$/interleukin-12/tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ labeling. For the in vitro study, GSRd ($10-100{\mu}g/mL$) and vehicle were added in the culture medium of M1 macrophages to assess their regulatory function on polarization phenotype. Results: In vivo data showed a protective role of GSRd at 50 mg/kg on Day 3. Serum level of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen significantly dropped compared with other groups. Reduced renal tissue damage and M1 macrophage infiltration showed on hematoxylin-eosin staining and flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining confirmed this improvement. With GSRd administration, in vitro cultured M1 macrophages secreted less inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$. Furthermore, macrophage polarization-related pancake-like morphology gradually changed along with increasing concentration of GSRd in the medium. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that GSRd possess a protective function against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury via downregulating M1 macrophage polarization.