• 미생물학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2003

한국 경기도 일대의 하천으로부터 90 균주의 광합성 박테리아를 순수 분리ㆍ동정하였다. 이들중 고효율의 질소($NH_3$-N, $NO_{3{^{-}$-N)제거능을 가진 균주들을 다양한 조건(명처-혐기, 호기: 암처-혐기, 호기)하에서 선별하였다. $NH_3$-N은 위의 4가지 조건하에서 모든 균주가 제거하였고, 평균 제거율은 호기조건(83.8%)에서 혐기조건(75.1%)보다 약간 높게 나타났다. NH$_3$-N의 감소에 따른 $NH_3$-N증가는 일어나지 않았다. $NO_{3{^{-}$-N은 혐기조건에서 소수의 특정 균주에 의해 제거되었다. 명처-혐기조건에서 다양한 CODcr (mg/L)/biomass (mg/L)에 따른 실험 결과는 CODcr (mg/L)/biomass (mg/L)0.2에서 유기물(98.2%)과 $NH_3$-N(89.0%)의 제거율이 가장 높게 나타났다. 명처-혐기조건에서 다양한 C/N 비율에 따른 실험 결과는, 높은 C/N비 뿐만 아니라 낮은 C/N비(5:1)에서도 $NH_3$-N의 효과적인 제거율(75.8%)을 확인 할 수 있었으며, 또한 $NO_{3{^{-}$-N (96.0%)의 동시적 제거를 확인할 수 있었다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 DEPHANOX공정을 변형한 두 개의 질산화 반응조를 둔 M-DEPHANOX 공정과 기존 변형된 질산화 반응조를 RBC로 대체한 형태로 단일 질산화 반응조로 운전된 M-DEPHANOX 공정을 운전하였다. 그리고 두 공정의 제거율을 비교하기 위하여 질소, 인 및 유기물 제거율과 질산화 반응조의 유기물 부하에 따른 $NH_3$-N 제거율을 조사하였다. 연구결과 $NH_3$-N 제거율은 M-DEPHANOX공정이 91.8%, M-eBNR 공정은 96.9%로서 두 공정 모두 높게 나타났다. TCOD와 SCOD 제거율은 M-DEPHANOX공정은 84.1와 78.2%, M-eBNR공정은 83.4%와 75.6%이었다. 또한 유기물이 $NH_3$-N 제거율에 미치는 영향은 M-eBNR 공정의 질산화 반응조에서는 1차 침전조에서 거의 나타나지 않았다. M-eBNR 공정의 $NH_3$-N 제거율은 도시하수의 유입성상이 달라지더라도 안정적으로 유지되었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.846-850
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• 2006

The biological nutrient removal from domestic wastewater with low C/N ratio is difficult. Therefore, this study was performed to increase influent C/N ratio by ammonia stripping without required carbon source and for improving treatment efficiencies of sewerage by the combination process of ammonia stripping and BNR (StripBNR). The results of this study were summarized as follows. BOD removal efficiencies of BNR and StripBNR were 95.3% and 93.2%, respectively. T-N and T-P removal efficiencies of BNR were 53.3% and 40.8%, respectively. T-N and T-P removal efficiencies of StripBNR were 72.8% and 62.9%, respectively. Concentrations of $NH_3-N$, $NO_2-N$ and $NO_3-N$ at BNR effluent were 0.03 mg/L, 0.08 mg/L and 9.12 mg/L, respectively. On the other hands, concentrations of $NH_3-N$, $NO_2-N$ and $NO_3-N$ at StripBNR effluent were 5.79 mg/L, 0.01 mg/L and 0.14 mg/L, respectively. Consequently, influent C/N ratio of BNR process was increased by ammonia stripping. Removal efficiency of T-N and T-P was improved about 20% by the process of StripBNR.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2000

Removal of ammonia using the porous ceramic biofilter inoculated with earthworm casts was characterized. By assuming a plug air flow in the biofilter and applying the Michaelis-Menten equation, the maximum removal rate of $NH_3$ was $280.7g-N{\cdot}m^{-3}{\cdot}h^{-1}$($18.0g-N{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}d^{-1}$) at $30^{\circ}C$. $NH_3$ removal rate was increased as temperature increases from $15^{\circ}C$ to $35^{\circ}C$. The maximum removal rate was $285.8g-N{\cdot}m^{-3}{\cdot}h^{-1}$($18.8g-N{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}d^{-1}$) at $35^{\circ}C$. At $15^{\circ}C$, the $NH_3$ removal rate was $122.8g-N{\cdot}m^{-3}{\cdot}h^{-1}$($8.1g-N{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}d^{-1}$). When 210 ppm $NH_3$ was supplied to the biofilter at space velocity of $220h^{-1}$, the removal efficiency of $NH_3$ at 15, 25, 30 and $35^{\circ}C$ was 80, 90, 95, and 96%, respectively. The removal rate of the ceramic biofilter was 3 to 15 times higher than other biofilters comparing the removal efficiency of $NH_3$ per unit volume of carrier. This result indicates that earthworm casts and porous ceramics are very good inoculum source and carrier, respectively, for the $NH_3$-degrading biofilter.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.61-71
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• 1997

This study was conducted to examine the adsorption capacity of $NH_{3}-N$ by natural zeolite for the purpose of investigating the possibility for $NH_{3}-N$ eliminator of korea natural zeolite. The dominant clay minerals of zeolite was clinoptiloite. The amount of $NH_{3}-N$ adsorption by zeplite was not significantly affected by the particle size of zeolite and increased with increasing the ratio of zeolite to the volume of solution. Removal ratio of 100% of NH$_{3}$-N by non, 1st, 2nd regenerated cloumn was continued separately during 4.5, 18, 30hr and this amount was each 0.081, 0.324, 0.540g $NH_{3}-N/zero$.100g. The eluenting amount of K, Ca, Mg was increased on the zeolite cloumn according to that of Na decreased. The amount of 74% of $NH_{3}-N$ was desorved on the zeolite cloumn for regenerating treatment during 8hr. The perfect removal amount was $0.216gNH_{3}-N/zero$.100g on the zeolite cloumn with field sample.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.117-125
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 일반적인 생물학적 질소제거공정을 거치지 않고, 수중의 $NH_3-N$을 유기질소형태로 합성시키는 특수미생물을 분리, 이용하여 암모니아성질소로 오염된 폐수의 고도처리 가능성에 대해서 검토해 보았다. $NH_3-N$을 기질로 다량 이용할 수 있는 3종류의 특수미생물을 순수 분리한 후 무(無)염분조건과 염분조건(3%NaCl)에서 배양해 본 결과 M11은 염분조건에서, M12는 무(無)염분조건에서, M71의 경우는 양쪽 조건에서 높은 성장률을 보였다. 탄소원(glucose)의 영향을 검토한 실험에서는 Glucose농도가 $5g/{\ell}$ 일 때, 미생물의 증식과 $NH_3-N$의 제거율이 가장 높았으나, 고농도(약 1000mg/L as $NH_3-N$) 조건하에서 $NH_3-N$의 제거율은 높지 않은 결과를 보였다. $NH_3-N$의 농도는 100mg/L 일 때 제거효율이 가장 우수했고, 이 때 $NO_2-N$과 $NO_3-N$의 증가는 일어나지 않는 것으로 보아 제거된 $NH_3-N$은 유기질소로 변환되었음을 추측할 수 있었다. pH완충과 인의 공급을 위한 $K_2HPO_4$ 농도는 미생물마다 최적 성장 농도는 조금씩 달랐으나, $5g/{\ell}$에서 적절한 성장조건을 보였다. 또한 질소원으로 특수미생물은 $NH_3-N$뿐만 아니라 $NO_2-N$과 $NO_3-N$도 질소원으로 이용할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 실험 결과 미생물의 증식이 활발할수록 $NH_3-N$의 제거율이 증가하는 뚜렷한 양상을 나타내어 추후 $NH_3-N$으로 오염된 폐수처리에의 높은 적용가능성을 보였다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.235-239
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• 2013

In the present investigation, the efficiency of Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) was evaluated for the removal of ammonia-nitrogen from wastewater. Eight different wastewater samples were prepared with varied amounts of $NH_4-N$ concentrations from 15.22 to 205.29 mg/L. Experiments were conducted at pH $7.5{\pm}0.3$, temperature $25^{\circ}C{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, light intensity $100{\mu}E/m^2/s$, and dark-light cycles of 8-16 hr continuously for 8 days. From the results, it was found that $NH_4-N$ was completely removed by C. vulgaris, when the initial concentration was between 5.22-25.24 mg/L. However, only 50% removal was obtained when the $NH_4-N$ concentration was 85.52 mg/L, which further decreased to less than 32% when the $NH_4-N$ concentration exceeded 105.43 mg/L. The further influence of nitrogen on chlorophyll was studied by various $NH_4-N$ concentrations. The maximal value of chlorophyll a (Chl a) content was found to be 19.21 mg/L for 65.79 mg/L $NH_4-N$ concentration, and the maximum specific $NH_4-N$ removal rate of 1.79 mg/mg Chl a/day was recorded at an $NH_4-N$ concentration of 85.52 mg/L. These findings demonstrate that C. vulgaris could potentially be employed for the removal of $NH_4-N$ from wastewater.

• 청정기술
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.168-173
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• 2021

도금폐수의 처리는 폐수의 pH, 중금속 및 시안(CN)함유에 따라 다양하고 복잡한 공정이 적용된다. 이중 시안(CN)의 처리는 차아염소산(NaOCl)을 이용한 알칼리 염소 처리법이 일반적으로 많이 사용되고 있다. 그러나, 암모니아성 질소(NH₃-N)와 시안(CN)이 동시에 함유될 경우 암모니아성 질소(NH₃-N)의 처리를 위해 차아염소산(NaOCl) 이 과다하게 소비되는 문제가 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 본 연구는 시안(CN)처리에 있어서 1) 알칼리염소법에서 암모니아성 질소(NH₃-N)농도에 따른 차아염소산(NaOCl)의 소모량을 조사하고 2) ferrate (VI)가 시안(CN)을 선택적으로 처리할 수 있는지를 평가하였다. 모의폐수를 이용한 실험결과 알칼리염소법에서는 암모니아성 질소(NH₃-N)농도가 높을수록 시안(CN)의 제거율이 감소하였으며 차아염소산(NaOCl)의 소비량이 암모니아성 질소(NH₃-N) 농도에 따라 선형적으로 증가하였다. Ferrate (VI)를 이용한 시안(CN) 제거에서는 암모니아성 질소(NH₃-N) 농도에 관계없이 시안(CN)의 제거를 확인하였으며 이때 암모니아성 질소(NH₃-N)의 제거율은 낮아 ferrate (VI)가 시안(CN)을 선택적으로 제거함을 확인하였다. Ferrate (VI)의 시안(CN) 제거효율은 pH가 낮을수록 높게 나타났고 ferrate (VI) 주입량에 관계없이 99% 이상을 보였다. 실제 도금폐수에 적용한 결과에서는 ferrate (VI)와 시안(CN)의 투입 몰비 1:1에서 99% 이상의 높은 제거율을 보였으며 이는 화학양론 반응식의 몰비와 일치하는 결과로 모의 폐수와 동일하게 암모니아성 질소(NH₃-N) 및 기타오염물질이 함유된 실제 폐수에서도 선택적으로 시안(CN)을 제거하는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.987-997
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• 2014

The mature landfill leachate, which is characterized by a high concentration of ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3$-N) and humic acid (HA), poses a challenge to biotreatment methods, due to the constituent toxicity and low biodegradable fraction of the organics. In this study, we applied bioaugmentation technology in landfill leachate degradation by introducing a domesticated $NH_3$-N and HA resistant bacteria strain, which was identified as Bacillus cereus (abbreviated as B. cereus Jlu) and Enterococcus casseliflavus (abbreviated as E. casseliflavus Jlu), respectively. The isolated strains exhibited excellent tolerant ability for $NH_3$-N and HA and they could also greatly improved the COD (chemical oxygen demand), $NH_3$-N and HA removal rate, and efficiency of bioaugmentation degradation of landfill leachate. Only 3 days was required for the domesticated bacteria to remove about 70.0% COD, compared with 9 days' degradation for the undomesticated (autochthonous) bacteria to obtain a similar removal rate. An orthogonal array was then used to further improve the COD and $NH_3$-N removal rate. Under the optimum condition, the COD removal rate in leachate by using E. casseliflavus Jlu and B. cereus Jlu increased to 86.0% and 90.0%, respectively after, 2 days of degradation. The simultaneous removal of $NH_3$-N and HA with more than 50% and 40% removal rate in leachate by employing the sole screened strain was first observed.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.664-672
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• 2010

This study was performed to evaluate the feasibility of industrial by-products such as converter slag, olivine, red mud and fly ash as a seed crystal of struvite crystallization for the removal of highly concentrated $NH_4-N$ and $PO_4-P$. In the kinetic experiments, more than 90% of $NH_4-N$ and $PO_4-P$ was eliminated by struvite crystallization within 30 minutes of reaction time. The pH range in meta-stable region of struvite crystallization was found to be pH 7.0~9.0 under the Mg:N:P=1:1:1 equi-molar condition with 100 mg/L of $NH_4-N$. Total removal efficiencies of $NH_4-N$ and $PO_4-P$ by both struvite precipitation and crystallization were increased with the increase of pH. Removal efficiencies of $NH_4-N$ and $PO_4-P$ were significantly enhanced by struvite crystallization using industrial by-products as a seed crystal compared with those by struvite precipitation without seed crystal. Red mud, converter slag, olivine and fly ash enhanced the removal efficiencies of $NH_4-N$ by 40.9%, 37.7%, 28.4% and 16.4%, respectively. Removal efficiencies of $PO_4-P$ for converter slag, red mud, fly ash, olivine were increased by 3.7 times, 2.6 times, 72.4% and 68.0%, respectively. Converter slag and red mud showed higher feasibility as a seed crystal than others for the removal of highly concentrated $NH_4-N$ and $PO_4-P$. In particular, converter slag might have a high capacity of phosphorus removal.