• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.69
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• pp.45-75
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to explore the implementation of Bibliodrama on the metaverse platforms. In other words, to create interesting and effective Bible education for modern learners, this study took a didactical approach to the implementation of Bibliodrama through the metaverse. The main reason to be enthusiastic about using the metaverse for education is because users, who have been only content consumers, now able to experience and create values. As a Bible didactical approach, Bibliodrama is a an emphatical and communicative learning method in the form of role play. Bibliodrama seeks to interact with the world of the learner and the world of the Bible through improvisational acting, to study the Bible. Through the Bible didactical approach, the meeting of Bibliodrama and the metaverse can have a positive effect on modern learners, in terms of improving learning environment and, above all else, increasing learning interest. In terms of biblical didactics, implementing Bibliodrama in the metaverse has the following advantages. First, it helps to construct a dramatic situation and environment so that the meaning of the biblical text can be proved relevant to today's learners, not something belonging to the past. Second, in the metaverse, the historical space and characters of the Bible can be realized in virtual reality to produce a 'situational play'. Demonstrating freedom, imagination and creativity in the metaverse learners play in Bibliodrama. This way they also become aware of the hidden meaning of the blank pages in the Bible. Third, the metaverse environment is not static but dynamic and interactive; Bibliodrama pursues an interpretation that harmonizes spirit and body. Therefore, through the dynamic activities of discovering the meaning and significance of the Bible, it is possible to form a holistic faith in which spirit and body act as one.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.72
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• pp.341-366
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• 2022

In Korean society, church once witnessed the period of its being considered light and salt. After the liberation, Korean church bestowed Jesus Christ's love to underprivileged neighbors in the industrialization process and organized practical participation activities for human rights and democratization. Nonetheless, church was sunken into quantitative growth without having qualitative growth. As church was cited as the epicenter of the spreading COVID-19, the image of selfish church has started receiving attention and there has appeared a criticism for immoral church tendency, which brought low trust about church. These things are resulted from church's failure to undertake its role with responsibility, in society. Such as this, church has lost its identity as the model of the Kingdom of God. In such a situation, church needs to remind itself of the enlightenment of the Ecumenical Movement, in order to recover trust and perform its mission. The Ecumenical Movement means accomplishing unification of the universe through a renewed church. This movement is aimed to create the earth as 'where humans can stay' and to consider the sustainability of mankinds. This purpose of this study is to examine political activities conducted for responsible participation in the church world and to find the way for church roles in this world. This researcher will attempt to investigate educational methods to help Christians in this world take full responsibility given to them, through an educational discussion about Christianity made in this context. This educational attempt means, in other words, political affairs also.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.73
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• pp.73-91
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• 2023

This study aims to provide basic data for revitalizing creativity research related to early childhood teachers by analyzing creativity research related to early childhood teachers. For this study, 103 master's and doctoral dissertations in Korea, which were searched through the National Assembly Library and the Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), were selected under the themes of 'early childhood teacher', 'creativity', and 'creativity research trends'. The frequency and percentage were calculated by analyzing creativity research related to early childhood teachers with five criteria: research period, research content, research method, research subject, and creativity factor. As a result of the study, first, as for the trends of creativity research related to early childhood teachers, 91 master's theses (88.3%) and 12 doctoral theses (11.7%) were conducted from 1991 to 2022, focusing on master's theses. Second, trends by research content were found in 20 basic studies (19.4%) and 83 practical studies (80.6%). Creativity research related to early childhood teachers is being actively conducted centering on practical research. Third, trends by research method showed 96 quantitative studies (93.2%), 7 qualitative studies (6.8%), and 0 literature studies (0%). Creativity studies related to early childhood teachers were being conducted with a focus on quantitative research. Fourth, the trend by research subject consisted of 100 studies (97.1%) related to early childhood teachers and 3 studies (2.9%) related to pre-service early childhood teachers. Fifth, trends by creativity factor were found in 56 studies (54.4%) related to teacher's variables and 47 studies (45.6%) related to creativity education methods. Studies related to teacher's variables were relatively higher than creativity education methods. As a result of this study, there is a lack of Christian education research in creativity research related to early childhood teachers, so it is expected that it will be done in the future.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.1156-1169
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• 2000

The study was aimed at developing an independent hospice center model that would be best suited for Korea based on a literature review and the current status of local and international hospices. For the study, five local and six international hospice organizations were surveyed. Components of the hospice center model include philosophy, purpose, resources (workers, facilities, and equipment), allocation of resources, management, financial support and hospice team service. The following is a summary of the developed model: Philosophies for the hospice center were set as follows: based on the dignity of human life and humanism, help patients spend the rest of their days in a meaningful way and accept life positively. On the staff side, to pursue a team-oriented holistic approach to improve comfort and quality of life for terminally ill persons and their families. The hospice center should have 20 beds with single, two, and four bed rooms. The center should employ, either on a part-time or full-time basis, a center director, nurses, doctors, chaplains, social workers, pharmacists, dieticians, therapists, and volunteers. In addition, it will need an administrative staff, facility managers and nurses aides. The hospice should also be equipped with facilities for patients, their families, and team members, furnished with equipment and goods at the same level of a hospital. represented by a center director who reports to a board and an advisory committee. Also, the center director administers a steering committee and five departments, namely, Administration, Nursing Service, Social Welfare, Religious Services, and Medical Service. Furthermore, the center should be able to utilize a direct and support delivery systems. The direct delivery system allows the hospice center to receive requests from, or transfer patients to, hospitals, clinics, other hospice organizations (by type), public health centers, religious organizations, social welfare organizations, patients, and their guardians. On the other hand, the support delivery system provides a link to outside facilities of various medical suppliers. In terms of management, details were made with regards to personnel management, records, infection control, safety, supplies and quality management. For financial support, some form of medical insurance coverage for hospice services, ways to promote a donation system and fund raising were examined. Hospice team service to be provided by the hospice center was categorized into assessment, physical care, emotional care, spiritual care, bereavement service, medication, education and demonstrations, medical supplies rental, request service, volunteer service, and respite service. Based on the results, the study has drawn up the following suggestions: 1. The proposed model for a hospice center as presented in the study needs to be tested with a pilot project. 2. Studies on criteria for legal approval and license for a hospice center need to be conducted to develop policies. 3. Studies on developing a hospice charge system and hospice standards that meet local conditions in Korea need to be conducted.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 1976

Contemporary nursing is concerned with meeting patients physical psychological and secio-economical needs and with helping persons to sore their own problems. At the time of confinement and delivery, women often have physical and psychological disco- mort related to fear, tension or anxiety. Pain related to these causes varies with the individual woman. Effective nursing care to meet individual needs during labor and delivery is important if nurses are to understand and relieve woman's physical and psychological pain. A questionnaire prepared for the purpose by the investigator was administered to 162 women in two general hospitals, one in Seoul and one in TaeGu, during August 1 and September 20, 1975 and to the 13 delivery-room nurses who cared for them. It was hoped that the study would contribute to comprehensive nursing care during labor and delivery and to improve maternal and child health. 1. The sample of mothers ranged in age from 18 to 39; the majority were from 25 to 29 years old (54.3%). Most of them were housewives (87.6%). Sixty-three percent had high school or higher education. They had a range of one to seven deliveries. Sixty-one percent were primiparas Most had some prenatal care (87.6%). 2. The age of the group of nurses ranged from 22 to 39. Ten were 22 or 23. Five of the 13 had from six to ten months experience in the de]ivory room. Twelve were single and ten had a religious affiliation. 3. Both primiparas and multiparas thought equally that physical and psychological care, nursing skills and attitudes were important during labor and delivery, but did not relate basic nursing care directly to normal delivery. Need for nursing care was rated more highly by primiparas (2.83-3.48) than by multiparas (2.51-3.17) (p〈0.05). 4. There was no difference in need for nursing care according to the educational level of the women nor according to whether they had a religious affiliation or not (p〉0.05). 5. There was no difference in the reported nursing care given regarding of the educational preparation of the nurses (p〉 0.05). 6. There the reported nursing needs of the women and the reported nursing care given were compared, physical and psychological nursing care directed toward protecting the mother and fetus and a safe do]ivory were considered important by both groups. Neither group related simple nursing care directly to protection of the mother and fetus or to a safe delivery. The women rated highly their needs for nourishment (3.05) and having a relative with them (2.90) for emotional support but there was little evidence (2.39) that the nurses provided care to meet these needs (p〈0.05). In conclusion, the nursing needs of the women during the three stages of labor and the nursing care given were generally similar. The women had more psychological needs than physical needs but in comparison, nurses gave a little more physical than psychological care. The results point up the need to make adjustments in labor and delivery room nursing care the nurse should Prepared to pay more attention and bigger consideration in psychological comfort care than physical care.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.41-57
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• 2002

This study was done to examine spiritual well-being of hospice care service volunteers for the purpose of providing them with programs promoting coping skills in response to the wholistic needs of patient effectively, also providing data for professional or nonprofessional hospice training program. Subjects were 123 volunteers serving in 6 hospice centers in Jeonbuk province at present. Data collection were done from 16 Oct. 2000 to 17 Nov. 2000. questionnairs were consisted of activities of hospice care service volunteer and spiritual well-being. The study results were as follows 1.Mean of activities of hospice care service volunteers were 2.433, those activities were divided into 5 categories such as spiritual, activities of volunteer for themselves, psychosocial, physical area and bereavement. The highest mean score was spiritual area 2.578, activities of volunteers for themselves 2.525, psychosocial area 2.456, physical area was 2.359 and the lowest mean score was bereavement area 2.130. 2.Spiritual well-being of hospice care service volunteers was 5.25, the highest mean. In subcategories of spiritual well-being, religious spiritual well-being was higher than existential spiritual well-being, mean score for each one was 5.41, 5.10. 3.Statistically significant relations among demographic characteristics such as gender(t=2.72, P=.008), status of marriage(t=6.067, P=.003), occupation(F=3.795, P=.025), frequency of visiting for volunteered hospice care(F=3.833, P=.024) were noted. 4.Statistically significant demographic characteristics of hospice service volunteers was religion(t=-4.38, p=0.000), status of marriage(F=3.505, p=0.033), frequency of visiting for volunteered hospice care(F=3.107, p=0.048), level of satisfaction from hospice care volunteer service(F=3.610, p=0.030), hospice service volunteers doing more home visiting(5-9times/month) had higher status of spiritual well being than volunteer with less home visiting(1-4times/month) 5.A significant relationship between activities of hospice service volunteers and status of spiritual well-being was noted(r=.236, p=.004), activities of hospice service volunteers was related to both subcategories of spiritual well-being such as religious well-being(r=.210, p=.010) and existential well-being(r=.208, p=.011). From the results of the study It is noted that status of spiritual well-being for hospice volunteers influences on service activities. It means spiritual well-being should be considered as a essential character for hospice service volunteers, it also means that managing and maintaining of status of spiritual well-being for hospice service volunteers is important. On the base of the study recommendation are made as follows: 1.Considering status of spiritual well-being for hospice care service volunteers is needed to promote hospice care activities. 2.It is necessary to develope spiritual well-being programs for hospice care service volunteers and further study for effect validation of them is needed. 3.Further study to sort out effecting variables for hospice care service volunteer activities is needed. 4.It will be desirable to have spiritual well-being information included in the hospice education program.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.612-623
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to explore children's reactions in the process of reading books dealing with death. As a result, there was a reflection of their religious assumptions. The participants interpreted the stories based on their belief systems. If the stories did not match with their assumptions, they used another strategy. Also, it is indicated that they recalled death-related memories and applied those stories to their own loss experiences and social events. Furthermore, they recognized the importance of their own everyday lives rather than immersing in death itself. It means that death-related stories help the participants express their passion towards life and resolve to live their lives to the utmost. Contrary to their first drawings before reading books, their second drawings contained the joy of living and reflected the details of death they developed while reading books. Also, the colors they used in their second drawings were brighter than the previous ones. Their passionate attitude towards life above was equally shown in their poems as well. In conclusion, reading death stories turned out to be a process in which children develop and reflect on their understanding of death. Abundant opportunities to express their own feelings are offered. Furthermore, it is showed that death stories can help the children love their lives and provide a strong will for their living sincerely. Based on the results, some educational suggestions were provided.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.365-382
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• 1991

This study was designed to measure the physical, mental-emotional and social health status of elderlies according to rural areas, medium - small cities, and large city environment. Data collection was done from July 18 to August 17 1990. The subjects were a convenience sample after their place of residence was stratified into large, medium- small cities and rural areas. Those who attended elderly centers in Seodaemun, Mapo, and Kangnam districts in Seoul were considered to be residents of a large city and interviewed by trained research assistants and student nurses. Elderlies living in Chungju, Jinju, Chuncheon, and Jeonju cities were coded as residents of medium-small cities and were interviewed by professors of nursing colleges. Rural residents were interviewed by the community health practioners working in community health clinics in North and South Kyongsang, North and South Jeolla, and Kyonggi provinces. The tool used in this study was the health assessment tool developed by Choi, Young Hee in 1990. This tool was organized into 20 physical health status, 17 mental - emotional health status, and 37 social health ststus items. Physical health status items consisted of six factors - personal hygiene activity ability, external activity utilizing traffic, mass media, and spare time ability, sexual ability, digestive system related ability, sexual ability, sensory ability, and elimination ability. Mental - emotional health status items consisted of two factors - mental health factor and emotional health factor. Social health status items consisted of seven factors -grandparental role ability, parental role ability, spoused role ability, friendship role ability, kinship role ability, group member role ability, and religious believer role ability. Data Analysis included frequencies, percentage, mean, standard deviation, ANOVA, and chi - square test. The results of the analysis are as follows : 1. The mean physical health status score for large city residents was 4.1132, for rural residents 4.0787, and for medium and small city residents 3.9565. There were significant differences according to residential area for personal hygiene activity ability, external activity ability, sexual ability, and digestive system related ability items 2. The mean mental -emotional health status score for rural residents was 3.8291, for medium and small city residents 3.7967, and for large city residents 3.7807. There was a significant difference according to residential area in the mental health ability item. 3. The mean social health status score for medium and small city residents was 3.0000, for rural residents 2.9362, and for large city residents 2.8960. There were significant differences according to residential area for kinship role ability and religious believer role ability items. The following conclusion was derived from the above results 1. The physical health status of elderlies residing in medium - small cities and in rural areas was lower than that of those residing in Seoul, a large urban area. Therefore, more medical facilities are needed in rural area so as to monitor their health, prevent disease, and promote their health. 2. The mental -emotional ststus and social health status of elderlies residing in the large city were lower than that of those residing in medium - small cities and rural areas. This may reflect weakening of the strong traditional family bond that may happen with urbanization. Continued support for elderly parents is essential and education should emphasize the traditional cultural norm and value of filial piety. 3. Facilities and programs for elderly are needed so that they may spend their time more valuably in their urban environment.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.2 s.64
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• pp.173-182
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• 2006

In church building, the worship space performing practical rituals and making a place of friendship and education has a role to accept the changing services with the times. And it is also distinguishable from the chaotic surroundings and is the space for religious experience of christian identity we cannot experience in our daily life. Therefore it is very important to investigate its characteristic as the space for religious experience. The important purpose of church building is to make up a worship space, and the chancel in worship space is said to be the core in church building, the center of all worship acts. Especially, today with the tendency of multi-functionalizing and opening in worship space, the chancel in worship space has a more special meaning as spatial, functional and symbolic center. The purpose of this study, with the worship space in domestic protestant churches, is to make up basic data for the worship space plan and interiordesign in church building by analyzing the characteristics of interior design for chancel, the core field of worship space. This study has researched the constituentcharacteristics of interior design for the chancel in worship space in domestic protestant churches in 10 years from 1995 to 2004. And found the worship space opening and multi-functionalizing with the changing times. From now on, the study on interior design for creative worship space should be researched positively for the purpose of expressing the christian identity and the opening and muti-functions, on the basis of christian theology.

• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.583-600
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to explore qualitatively what kind of coping strategy the Korean older adults use when they are depressed and why. Participants were users, older than 60, of an elderly welfare center in Seoul, and answers of 34 respondents who experienced depression were included in the analysis. The collected data were analyzed through content analysis. The results of the analysis showed that strategies to cope with depression used by participants were composed of 6 domains and 11 sub-domains: health behavior (medical approach / exercise and diet), family and social contact (social interaction / going out and going on a trip / communication with family), Religious activities (Religious activities), lifelong education (hobbies / educational activities), productive activities (labor), health risk behaviors (drinking and gambling / resignation). The depression coping strategies of the older adults and their characteristics are as follows. First, older adults used diverse problem-focused coping strategies to cope with depression. Second, older adults considered various coping strategies together and used them simultaneously. Third, the facility space for older adults functions as a shelter. Fourth, although there were cases where medical approach was used, the intention to reuse was very low. Through this study, the following suggestions were made to help older adults cope with depression more successfully. First, access to various coping strategies should be promoted. Second, more places where older adults can spend their time comfortably need to be provided. Third, resistance to mental health care should be resolved.