• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.25_1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2015

This paper took Jeonkyeong (典經) of Daesunjinrihoe(大巡眞理會) as the basic text and studied how Kangjeungsan(姜甑山), the Sangje (上帝), had embraced Chinese myth in process of formation of his religious thought focusing on Yan Emperor(炎帝) Shennong(神農) myth and Shanrangang(禪讓) myth (namely Danchu myth). First when we examine the myth surrounding Kangjeungsan's birth, it deeply emraced a feeling-birth myth(感生神話), we could realize that this is a universe motif through myth of hero birth in East Asia. Further judging from the analysis of geographic space of Kangjeungsan's activity, it included a variety of mythical and Daoist related place names. I think this is because of the fact that birth place of Kangjeungsan and the surrounding area is the locality of Xian(仙) tradition where major characters of Danhak sect(丹學派) have been turned out, and that Korean way of Xian suppressed by the regulatory system has been widely rooted in the public. Especially it's interesting that Jeungsan, the pen name of Kangjeungsan, ambiguously connotes Siru mountain(甑山), a place of his training, and the spiritual realm of the 『Zhouyicantongqi(周易參同契)』. Then I examined the God of fire Shennong myth which has been actively admitted and embraced by Kangjeungsan. Kangjeungsan put the root of his pedigree on Shennong and there is a close affinity between Shennong and Dongyi(東夷) such as Buyeo(夫餘), Goguryeo(高句麗), etc. These Dongyi spirits are losers against the Chinese major myth and beings of ressentiment. At the same time the predecessor of Jiutianyingyuanleishengpuhuatianzun(九天應元雷聲普化天尊) who shares mythical characteristics with the God of fire Shennong was a formerly Taishi(太師) Wenzhong(聞仲) of Yin(殷) dynasty. He was defeated and died by Zhou(周) dynasty, and was deified. The fact that Kangjeungsan regarded himself as a descendent of Shennong and possessed divinity of Jiutianyingyuanleishengpuhuatianzun connotes that he represents all beings of ressentiment such as family of Yin and Dongyi. However, Kangjeungsan set a religious milestone by turning revenge for such ressentiment at tribe level into religious sublimation. At the end Shanrang myth which has been critically embraced by Kangjeungsan was reviewed. According to the existing Shanrang myth, Danchu(丹朱) was unworthy and not succeeded in the succession to the throne. Then good natured Emperor Shun(舜) succeeded to the throne from Emperor Yao(堯). However, the reality of Shanrang myth was a violent change of sovereign power and Danchu was a victim in the process of such violent change. Kangjeungsan shrewdly grasped the reality of ancient China and cast light on presence of Danchu. And he emphasized the need of religious sublimation of revenge, Haewon(解冤). His such awareness of culture had a close relation with revisionist standpoint of independent Danhak sect expressing a skeptical glance at systematic, commensurate and authentic historical view of Chinese civilization. And further Kangjeungsan cosmologically and causationally reinterpreted revenge of Danchu. He established a universal salvation theology which has a corresponsive connotation in regard to embracement of Shennong myth. In conclusion, embracement of Chinese myth by Kangjeungsan was a creative work of reinterpretation resulting in an inherent religious connotation through a process of appropriation, that is independent and selective introjection.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.227-243
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between nursing organizational climate and job satisfaction of nurses in general hospitals and also the factors which had influences in the nursing organizational climate and job satisfaction of nurses. Data were collected from 200 nursing managers and 800 nurses with structured questionnaires at 11 general hospitals in Taegu and Kyungbuk-area, from June 1 to June 30, 1999. Data were analyed with SPSS 7.5 using program such as t-test, ANOVA and stepwise multiple regression. The results were as follows: 1) In the nursing organizational climate there were significant differences by age(F=9.246, p=.000), religion(f=5.658, p=.001), educational level(F=4.660, p=.010), position(F=27.016, p=.000), and the total length of service(F=7.274, p=.000). Also there were significant differences by subsidiary school(F=11.224, p=.000), the number of beds(F=9.893, p=.000), the number of nurses(F=6.365, p=.000), and kind of medical agency(F=5.251, p=.000) in the hospitals. 2) In the nurses' job satisfaction there were significant differences by age(f=11.528, p=.000), religion(F=3.003, p=.000), position(F=22.485, p=.000), career the department of the present service(F=5.157, p=.000), total career of service(F=9.243, p=.000), and salary(F=5.507, p=.000). Also there were significant differences by religious background(F=4.779, p=.009), subsidiary school(F=7.039, p=.000), the number of beds(F=7.039, p=.000), and kind of medical agency(F=2.778, p=.006) in the hospitals 3) There was significant correlation between nursing organizational climate and job satisfaction of nurses(r=.686). 4) The nursing organizational climate was explained 21.8% by salary 9.5%, position 7.4%, religious background of hospital 4.1%, and subsidiary school of hospital 0.8%. 5) The nurses' job satisfaction was explained 70.9% by nursing organizational climate 46.7%, salary 21.9%, kind of medical agency 1.4%, position 0.3%, religious background of hospital 0.3%, religion 0.3%.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.66
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• pp.243-272
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• 2021

Corona 19 brought about a major shift in the Korean church's pastoral style. Contact and non-contact ministry styles using the Internet and media devices are being held together. The elderly, who have been classified as digital vulnerable, need to see whether they are properly adapting to these changes and they have any difficulties in their religious lives. This study is to organize the current status of Corona 19 related to Korean churches, look at the current state of church programs for Christian elderly people, look at how important the religious life is to their lives, and to suggest educational pastoral methods for their religious lives based on the theory of Maria Harris' educational ministry. First, in terms of Koinonia, it was suggested that the heritage, beliefs, values and ways of life held by the Christian elderly be shared with people inside and outside the church in order to entertain and embrace everyone without alienation. Second, from the perspective of Leiturgia, educational ministry was proposed to expand prayer life from a personal area to a public area to become a life of practicing prayer and justice by providing public prayer content with media that can be used by the elderly to perform spirituality. Third, it was suggested that in terms of Didache, it should be required that the elderly should be educated to be familiar with the changing technologies, that teaching environment should be extended from church to online, and that the educational content of tradition and new forms should be dealt with extensively. Fourth, from the perspective of Kerigma, Christian elderly people who have suffered in various life environments, both personally and socially, should listen to the words again and gain the power to overcome the corona crisis through the God's words, so that they can be melted into the curriculum of koinonia, leiturgia, didache, and diakonia. Fifth, it was suggested that senior citizens should switch their consciousness to become subjects of service, not objects of service, and that digital literacy education should be provided individually at eye level to narrow the digital gap for Diakonia curriculum.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.35-47
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the chronic disease, health status and lifestyle, and to test the chronic disease and health status and lifestyle of rural elderly by gender. Method: The interview survey was performed in September 2004 with structured questionnaires(Scale of Long-Term Health and Welfare Need Survey) to 770 of the elderly who lived in Muan-Gun of Chunnam Province. The percentage, Chi-squire test and regression method were used for some of the cross-sectional data. Results: The 770 elderly respondents were composed of 51.3% male and 48.7% female. 59.1% of the elderly had chronic disease. About the subjective health status that 54.3% of the respondents have been answered not good health status, 87.9% of the respondents have been health examination. The related variables of chronic disease and general characteristics were education and religious level in male, age, marital status, type of social security, education and religious level in female, and health status variables were subjective health status, cognitive function, ADL, IADL, and lifestyle factors was exercise in male, examination in female. Conclusion: These results suggested that special health promotion and education programs of the health habits such as physical exercise and health examination were necessities for the elderly of rural area.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.13-18
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• 2022

In the post-information era, most of technologies have a visual part, or at least some functions related to visualization. It is also one of the popular means of presenting materials in education area. However, despite its popularity, the impact of visualization on the effectiveness of learning still remains controversial. Even more controversial is its usefulness in developing creativity, which is one of the most important skills for today's employee. The authors considered the use of visualization as a tool for the development of children's creativity on the example of learning video games, in particular, ClassCraft to distinguish features that, from the point of view of psychology, may lead to developing creativity even being not useful for educational purposes. It is concluded that video games useful for learning may have features, that are inappropriate in formal educational context, but important to develop creative thinking.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.157-186
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• 2015

Sittaung-Thanlwin region in Lower Myanmar is an ecological niche for human settlement. Evidences of human activities in the region are seen through various archaeological sites or settlements along the coastal area between the rivers Sittaung and Thanlwin (Salween). In Lower Myanmar, scholar, U Aung Myint, discovered one major site Kyaikkatha and other small scale sites, namely, Sittaung, Kawhtin, Kadaikgyi, Kadaikkalay, Katkadit, Kelatha (little Zothoke), Ayetthama, Winka, Zothoke (big Zothoke), Lagonbyi (Sampannago), Wagaru, Laming and Ye in present day Mon State. In 1980, U Aung Myint undertook an exploration program at Kyaikkatha. After the exploration, an excavation team conducted systematic digging at Kyaikkatha in March 1986. Excavation continued occasionally at Kyaikkatha throughout the years between 1995 and 2000. It is known that Kyaikkatha, the old city, reveals a kind of monumental civilization exposing four religious structures (a stupa and three monasteries). This essay looks into the distribution of features within Kyaikkatha and infers on its social, political, and religious organization. This essay is also about a new discovery of an early urban settlement located at the apex of the Gulf of Muttama (Martaban) where a lost city of Suvannahumi flourished in the ancient days. By means of aerial photographic observations, the site had been noticed recently, which was by followed some excavations. More systematic and detail surveying may be needed to know more about the site and its features for comparison to other similar settlements of through-out mainland South East Asia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.739-748
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• 1994

These days the Korean costume becomes the formal dress to be worn on particular occasions. The Westernization of life style, inculding dress, has made the costume of wearing traditional dress disappear from Korean's everyday life. This study is launched to investigate the precious textiles and materials of the past before they vanish; this study deals with the materials of folk costume in the early 20th century, preceding Westernization. The research method adopted in the study was interviews of fifth- five elderly persons living around the Mt. Kumo area in Gyungbuk province. The result was that costume culture in that area was poor because people living in the area were economically less well off due to meager agricultural products. There was no variety in the style of costumes to be worn for various occasions. It was also nothworthy that because of no diversification in naming, only one representative word was used to name several types of costumes. On the other hand, it was discovered that the people in the Mt. Kumo area had religious aspirations stemming from their folk beliefs concerning costumes. They also had an attitude of saving money despite poor economic conditions.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.35-72
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• 2011

Study on children from international marriage so far has been conducted focusing on the school-aged children, and it uniformly presents those children as a mere being with problem, overlooking regional variables of rural area. Hence, this study aims to seek various means of adaptation of children from international marriage by considering both variables rural area and adolescence. For this study, six children from international marriage living in the rural area of H county in Jeonlanamdo were chosen, in-dept interview were conducted, and Giorgi(1985) was used to analyze qualitative data. The results shows that these adolescences appear to have extensive experiences in the areas of learning, personal relationship, home and identity. Level of academic achievement was influenced by what school they attend to, and personal relationship aspect was affected by prejudice and discriminative perception from people around them. In addition, in home environment, hatred toward father, sympathy for mother, comparison with mothers who have great cultural adaptation skills, and pressure as the firstborn appear to be on the increase. Adolescent children tend to be addicted to internet games in order to escape from anxiety, experiencing identity crisis. They tend to be negative about international marriage of their parents, and exhibit behaviors refusing values and religious view of their parents. At the conclusion, limitation of the study and suggestion for further study are presented.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.206-216
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• 2015

Majority of the seniors living in nursing homes suffer from persistent chronic pain, which may cause depression and compromised quality of life if untreated. The environment should support them to lift their focus from current pain and worries to the positive feelings and the delight of life. The purpose of this research is to classify the healing environment elements for positive distraction, and analyze 6 international cases to see the current situation. The elements were categorized as follows, based on literature review from both healing spaces and elderly care field: spatial elements(view, natural elements, artificial elements, exercise space, garden), psychological elements(grooming area, space for privacy, meal/drink area, elements for recollection, religious space), social elements(common living area, activity/hoppy room, family/visitor area, information area, local community program space). Analysis on 6 facilities showed that each elements were reflected to designed relatively well. New inventions from workers who think distraction is important were also introduced. Healing environment for positive distraction requires delicate touch, derived from understanding characteristics and situation of the residing elderly individuals. Technology update is also significant, from audio books to virtual reality devices, since cultural life of nursing home is far behind from what the others enjoy now.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.621-630
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• 2011

This research examines the push and pull factors of temple stay in Korean national parks. 152 participants of temple stay in Woljeongsa and Guryongsa in national parks in Gangwon-do area completed a survey to access their reasons for participating in temple stay(push factors) and to evaluate how well the visiting experience performed on a selected set of attributes(push factors). Demographics of respondents were similar to the visitor characteristics of Korean national parks. The result of factor analysis identified 6 push factor domains of 'self actualization', 'health enhancement', 'nature assimilation', 'relationship elevation', 'religious experience', and 'leisure experience'. 6 pull factor domains were 'recuperative quality', 'quality of a temple stay program', 'attributes of a temple', 'user convenience', 'tourism experience' and 'accessibility and transportation'. Satisfaction level of temple stay in a national park was very high of 4.71 in a 5 Likert scale. Gangwon- Do was most preferred with the percentage of 89.2 as a suitable area for temple stay in a national park. Findings of multi-dimensional tourism motivations of temple stay in a national park that encompass nature tourism, cultural tourism and religious tourism is expected to provide useful information for the future development of a more competitive temple stay program and a marketing strategy. However, more defined successive research work is required to generalize findings of wellness oriented push and pull factors of temple stay based on nature in national parks.