• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.3916-3922
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• 2014

Generally, the retaining wall is becoming unstable as the height is higher. On the other hand, the retaining wall with the relieving platform is more stable and more economical than any other type of retaining wall, because the relieving platform the reduce the lateral earth pressure. In this study, numerical analyses were carried out for 15 cases varying with the type of retaining wall, length and location of the relieving platform and the backfill type. From the numerical analyses, the reduction of the lateral earth pressure was checked and the results of numerical analyses were compared with that of model tests and theoretical equations. As the results of this study, the lateral earth pressure of the retaining wall with the relieving platform is considerably less than that of cantilever wall. And the of magnitude of the lateral earth pressure is affected by the length and location of relieving platform and the backfill type.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.1C
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• pp.27-35
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• 2012

The relieving platform has the advantage of decreasing the total lateral earth pressure on the retaining wall and increasing the overall stability of the structure. Several modeling tests were performed to determine the earth pressure distribution on the retaining wall with a relieving platform and to compare it with that of the cantilever retaining wall. Different types of soil and angle of cutting surface were used to determine the effect of the soil characteristics and the backfill conditions on these earth pressure distributions. From the modeling tests, comparisons between the retaining wall with a relieving platform and the cantilever retaining wall show that the reduction of the lateral earth pressure and deformation of wall was indicated clearly on the retaining wall with a relieving platform. And the overall stability was increased by the relieving platform.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2382-2389
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• 2012

The retaining wall with the relieving platform can be constructed as an alternative to the concrete retaining wall in which the economic and stability are decreased as height increases. The relieving platform has the advantage of decreasing the total lateral earth pressure on the retaining wall and increasing the overall stability of the structure. In this study, model tests were performed to determine the distribution of the earth pressure on the retaining wall with and without the relieving platform which located at a depth of 0.4H from the ground surface. And model tests results were compared with analyzed results by 2-D finite element method and values driven from theoretical equation. As the result of this study, comparing model test results with those of numerical analysis and theoretical equation show that the reduction of the lateral earth pressure on wall was indicated clearly on the retaining wall with a relieving platform.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.5923-5929
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• 2013

Recently, the retaining wall with the relieving platform has received increasing interests also in Korea in that it can reduce the lateral earth pressure and provide more stability than conventional retaining wall. Previous studies with model tests studies covered only a limited test conditions. In this study, total 15 model tests were performed for various conditions with improved model test apparatus to confirm the effect of decreasing the lateral earth pressure on the retaining wall with the relieving platform. Jumoonjin sand was used for model soil and 2 load cells were used for each 15 layers to measure the lateral earth pressure. Based on the experimental results, the lateral earth pressure of the retaining wall with the relieving platform is less than the that of cantilever wall. The length of the platform and the location of the platform are the key factors influencing the lateral earth pressure.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.55-65
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• 2016

Retaining wall with relieving platform has advantages in terms of stability and costs because it decreases the earth pressure by installing the relieving platform. However, there have not been previous studies of the optimal design for the retaining wall with reliving platform in practice. In this study, the optimal design conditions of the retaining wall with relieving platform are proposed by evaluating the reduction effect of lateral earth pressure based on the numerical analysis of 40 cross sections by changing wall types, wall heights, shelf locations and lengths. As a result, the optimal location of a shelf is the central part of a retaining wall (h/H=0.50) and the optimal length is recommended to be designed to satisfy b/L=0.45, at least.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.89-103
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• 2020

When people feel powerless (with losing control), they show compensatory behaviors to get out of this state. The actions to compensate for powerlessness have been studied in the contexts of products or brands, but this study focuses on compensatory behaviors when using social media. Social media, which can express consumers' selves freely, has become a platform for self-expansion. It has been confirmed that the possibility of relieving psychological powerlessness through self-expression on social media exists. Therefore, we examined how people who felt powerless showed compensatory behaviors on social media. According to the analysis, consumer's powerlessness does not directly affect narcissistic self-expression on social media. However, it is derived as being fully mediated by the feeling of anxiety. The more anxious consumers feel, the more narcissistic they express themselves by posting photos of themselves with luxury brand objects that can show social power or authority. In other words, when consumers experience social powerlessness coupled with anxiety, they are likely to show compensatory consumption behaviors such as narcissistic self-expression in order to make their images cool and luxurious and draw others' attention on social media. We confirm that the compensatory consumption due to consumers' powerlessness, which leads to having anxiety, can appear in ways of presenting narcissistic selves on social media.