• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.791-797
• /
• 2022

Using the fatigue limit (△σ_unsm) and residual stress (σ_r) of the UNSM smooth specimen, the harmless maximum crack depth (α_hml) according to the crack aspect ratio (As) was evaluated. α_hml evaluated the reliability in the relationship between the minimum crack depth (α_NDI1, α_NDI2) detectable by nondestructive inspection(NDI) and the crack depth (α₂₅, α₅₀) that reduces the fatigue limit by 25% and 50%. All α_hml was determined by the crack depth. The α_hml of 80N UNSM with high σ_r and high △σ_unsm was found to be large. σ_r in the depth direction had a much effect on α_hml. Since α_hml>α₅₀(As=0.6-0.1) and α_hml>α₂₅, α₂₅ and α₅₀(some range) can secure the safety and reliability. Since α_hml<α₅₀ (As=1. 0-0. 6), it cannot be made harmless by UNSM. So safety and reliability cannot be secured. α_NDI1 and α_NDI2 are larger than α₂₅, α₂₅ cannot be detected by NDI. α_NDI1 and α_NDI2 are smaller than α₅₀, α₂₅ can detected by NDI.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.97-106
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to determine reliability and validity of the Neck Disability Index (NDI) now in use for the first time in neck pain patients of Korea. Fifty subjects (26 males and24 female) with neck pain enrolled in the study. They completed a standardized self-administered questionnaire that include pain intensity, personal care, lifting, reading, headaches, concentration, work, driving, sleeping and recreation. Reliability was determined by intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha by internal consistency. Validity was examined by correlating the NDI scores to the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score. The Test-retest reliability of the translated versions of the NDI was good ICC (2,1) = .90 (95%CI .85 .95). Cronbach's alpha value for NDI was found to be .95 and this was statistically significant (p<.05). The criterion-related validity coefficients was .72 (p<.01). We conclude that the Korean version of NDI has shown to be a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of neck pain.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the functional category, the item structure and the model-data fit of the neck disability index (NDI) of neck pain subjects by performing a Rasch rating scale analysis. Methods: The data was obtained from the assessments of 71 college students (males: 27, females: 44) with neck pain. The data of the NDI was applied to the Rasch's rating scale model to estimate the difficulty of items, the goodness-of-fit of each item, the separation reliability and index, and the rating scale. Results: The 'sleep' item showed misfit and nine items were founds to be fits for self-reporting of disability due to neck pain. The most difficult item of the remaining 9 items was 'work' and the easiest item was 'headache'. The transformation formula score=(logit score+7.10)/(7.10+0.11)$\times$100. The 6 response levels of the NDI were validated according to the structure of the rating scale. The item and subject reliability of the separation reliability was 0.97 and 0.85, respectively. Conclusion: We proved that the NDI for self-reporting of disability of daily activities due to mild neck pain was valid and reliable. This study suggests that individuals with mild neck pain may be assessed by using the modified NDI that does not include the 'sleep' item in the 10 items of NDI.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
• /
• v.25 no.2_2
• /
• pp.239-245
• /
• 2022

Using the fatigue limit (∆σ_unsm) and residual stress (σ_r) of the UNSM smooth specimen, the harmless maximum crack depth (a_hlm) according to the crack aspect ratio (As) was evaluated. In addition, the relationship between the minimum crack depth (a_NDI1, a_NDI2) detectable by non-destructive inspection(NDI), the crack depth (a₂₅, a₅₀) that reduces the fatigue limit by 25% and 50%, and a_hlm were evaluated. The harmless crack condition was determined by the deepest crack point (point A). Since a_hlm is larger than a₂₅ and a₅₀, a₂₅ and a₅₀ can secure the safety and reliability of steel via UNSM. Because a_NDI1 and a_NDI2 are larger than a₂₅ and a₅₀, cracks in a₂₅ and a₅₀ cannot be detected by non-destructive testing. Therefore it is necessary to apply more precise NDI.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.46-66
• /
• 2005

With the increase in the number of multinational and multicultural research projects, the need to adapt health status measures for use in other than source language has also grown rapidly. Most questionnaire were developed in English-speaking countries, but even within these countries, researchers must consider immigrant populations in studies of health, especially when their exclusion could lead to a systematic bias in studies of health care utilization or quality of life. The purpose of this study was to translate and and culturally adapt the three most used neck and spinal pain disability questionnaires - the Neck Disability Index(NDI), Neck pain and Disability Scale(NPDS), and Functional Rating Index(FRI) - into the korean language and evaluated their reliability, in addition to item response pattern, to achieve a good cross cultural adaptation. Each translated questionnaire was found to have high reliability (FRI ICC (2,1)=0.86 ($95\%$ CI: 0.75-0.92); NPDS ICC (2,1)=0.90 ($95\%$ CI: 0.83-0.95 ; NDI ICC (2,1) =0.90 ($95\%$ CI: 0.81-0.94)). The reliability of the translated versions of FRI, NPDS and NDI were excellent.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of using static surface electromyography (sEMG) on persons with neck pain and in healthy adults. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Twenty-two female participants with neck pain and thirty healthy adults in the age group of 20-65 years were recruited in this study. To evaluate the validity and reliability of sEMG in subjects with neck pain, the subjects'characteristics were recorded and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Neck Disability Index (NDI) were examined in addition to sEMG and algometer tests being carried out on the subjects. The site for using the sEMG and algometer was the upper trapezius. sEMG test-retest reliability was measured by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Independent t-tests were used to analyze the differences in the dependent variables between subjects with neck pain and healthy adults. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine the linear relationship between measured variables. Results: sEMG and algometer tests were reliable according to the test-retest reliability results in subjects with neck pain and healthy adults (ICC=0.815-0.979). The results of this study showed that there were significant differences in respect to age, VAS, sEMG and algometer tests between persons with neck pain and healthy adults (p<0.05). The VAS and NDI were statistically correlated with sEMG and algometer results (p<0.05). Conclusions: In this study, we investigated the clinical usefulness of the static sEMG test in evaluating the pain scale of persons with neck pain with high reliability and validity.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.390-408
• /
• 2019

Objectives: Several pattern diagnosis questionnaires have been developed to objectify the process of pattern diagnosis in Korean medicine. In this context, this study aimed to develop a food retention questionnaire for functional dyspepsia (FRQ-FD) by modifying the previously developed food retention questionnaire (FRQ) and to verify its reliability and validity. Furthermore, this study aimed to identify the optimal cut-off value of the FRQ-FD for standardization and use in clinical situations. Methods: To develop the FRQ-FD, we extracted the major symptoms of food retention pattern for functional dyspepsia from Chinese/Korean medicine textbooks and requested an importance survey from experts using the Delphi method. The first draft of the FRQ-FD was composed of 25 questions comprising 8 questions from the textbooks and the Delphi method and 17 questions from the FRQ already developed in 2013. To analyze its reliability, validity, and optimal cut-off value, 60 subjects were enrolled in this study from June 25 to August 13, 2018. Thirty patients were diagnosed as both functional dyspepsia and food retention pattern, and 30 healthy participants were not. All participants were requested to fill up the FRQ-FD, Stomach Qi Deficiency Questionnaire (SQDQ), Scale for Stomach Qi Deficiency pattern (SSQD), visual analog scale (VAS) for dyspepsia, Nepean Dyspepsia Index-Korean version (NDI-K), and functional dyspepsia-related quality of life (FD-QoL). Results: No statistically significant differences were found in sex distribution, age, and body mass index between the patient group and the control group. As five questions affected the reliability negatively and three questions affected the clinical validity negatively, we decided to exclude the eight questions upon further investigation. The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient of the revised FRQ-FD (17 items) was 0.899, and its clinical validity was verified. Construct validity was analyzed by factor analysis and produced five factors. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between the revised FRQ-FD and the other dyspepsia scales, namely, SQDQ, SSQD, VAS, NDI-K, and FD-QoL. VAS and NDI-K especially had strong positive correlations with FRQ-FD. Conclusions: The FRQ-FD developed in this study can provide fundamental reliability and validity for a pattern diagnosis questionnaire. FRQ-FD can help to diagnose food retention pattern in functional dyspepsia patients. Further studies are required to inspect several statistical factors.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.27-38
• /
• 2016

Objectives: According to Korean Medicine theory, the skin color of LU10 serves as a diagnostic clue to dyspeptic symptoms. The aims of this study were (1) to find the difference of skin color in LU10 region between functional dyspepsia (FD) and healthy control (HC) and (2) to examine the relationship between LU10 skin color parameters and dyspeptic symptoms. Methods: 39 participants (29 FD and 10 HC) have participated in this study. They were asked to complete gastrointestinal scale (GIS), gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS), Nepean dyspepsia index (NDI), functional dyspepsia-related quality of life (FD-QoL), visual analogue scale (VAS) for dyspeptic symptoms, food retention questionnaire (FRQ) and cold heat questionnaire (CHQ). $L^*$ (luminance), $a^*$ (red-green balance) and $b^*$ (yellow-blue balance) values of LU10 region were calculated through digital images of the participant's hand. Then we evaluated test-retest reliability of $L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$ values of LU10 region. Additionally, we compared $L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$ values of LU10 between FD and HC, and examined the relationship between LU10 color parameters and seven questionnaires scores. Results: Only $L^*$ values in LU10 region were significantly higher in FD compared with HC. GIS scores and the subset scores of NDI had a positive correlation with $L^*$ values significantly. Correlation coefficients of test-retest reliability of skin color measurement of LU10 ranged from 0.871 to 0.936 representing very strongly statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusions: We confirmed the difference of skin color in LU10 region between FD and HC, and relationship between LU10 skin color parameters and dyspeptic symptoms.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.230-236
• /
• 2007

The quality control of composite structure includes inspection, testing and monitoring in all processes from receiving inspection to part fabrication. The purpose of these activities is to ensure that the design objectives are consistently achieved. The quality factors include material, receiving inspection, storage and shelf-life control, environmental control, testing, inspection and record control. This paper presents the process verification method using destructive test and quality control method in composite structure of aircraft. And it is believed that the destructive test will be basis to obtain a reliability of non-destructive test in complex composite structure and to ensure the design requirements in composite part.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
• /
• 2007.04a
• /
• pp.645-650
• /
• 2007

According to most studies, assessment of aging structure is trend to detect flaw size by sensor than using existing subjective evaluation by expert for objective evaluation. But Uncertainties existing in the sensor make difference between measured flaw size and actual flaw size, In this paper, Probability of Detection(POD) have been used to quantify the uncertainties and POD is updated by relationship measured flaw size and actual flaw size (Heasler, 1990), also we proposed probabilistic updating approach method to improve measurement accuracy(the difference of measured PDF and actual PDF) by using updated POD.