• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.28 no.7
• /
• pp.939-949
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to analyze clothing expenditure patterns of urban, rural/farm, and rural/non-farm households. A sample of 23,994 households was selected from the 1996 National Survey of Household Income and Expenditure, and 1996 Farm Household Economy Survey. Frequency and regression analyses were used. Major findings were: 1) clothing expenditure of rural/farm households were significantly lower than that of urban and rural/non-farm households; 2) in terms of clothing expenditure by categories, urban and rural-non-farm households have similar expenditure pattern; 3) clothing expenditures relative to income were lower than 1 for all three groups; 4) clothing expenditures relative to total income for urban and rural/non-farm households were higher than 1, while that for rural/farm households was lower than 1; 5) a major factor explaining clothing expenditure differences between urban and rural consumers was the household head＇s occupation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.12 no.10
• /
• pp.395-407
• /
• 2012

The aim of this study is to investigate the pattern of inbound and outbound tourism and their receipts and expenditures in Korea, and wishes to suggest a policy implication. The finding in this research indicates that inbound tourism is mainly influenced by a relative income, while the receipts are effected not only by a scale of tourism, relative price, relative income, but also by the exchange rate. Outbound tourism and the expenditures are tentatively determined by a set of information which is synthetically made up by an economic factors. To this end, it could be concluded that tourism policy should be elaborately established to take of the inbound tourism, and appropriately designed information networking system for tourism would be helpful to assist the outbound tourism.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.42 no.5
• /
• pp.275-282
• /
• 2009

Objectives : This study aimed to verify the association between wealth or income level and health status after adjusting for other socio-economic position (SEP) indicators among Korean adults aged 45 and over. Methods : Data were obtained from the 1st wave of Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (households: 6,171, persons: 10,254). We used self-rated health status and activities of daily living (ADLs) as dependent variables. Explanatory variables included both net wealth measured by savings, immovables, the other valuated assets and total income including pay, transfer, property and so on. Binary logistic regression was conducted to examine the relationships. Also, in order to determine the relative health inequality across economic groups, we estimated the relative index of inequality (RII). Results : The inequality of health status was evident among various wealth and income groups. The wealthiest group (5th quintile) was much healthier than the poorest group, and this differential increased with age. Likewise, higher income was associated with better health status among the elderly. However, these effects, as measured by the odds ratio and RII, showed that wealth was more important in determining health status of elderly people. Conclusions : This study suggests that economic capability plays a significant role in determining the health status and other health-related problems among the elderly. Particularly, our results show that health status of the aged is related more closely to the individual s wealth than income.

• Journal of Labour Economics
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.77-102
• /
• 2007

This paper compares income and consumption for their relative effectiveness in measuring inequality. Although income inequality has received more attention in the literature, the permanent income hypothesis links consumption to welfare more directly than income. To the extent economic agents smooth their consumptions, consumption inequality is a better indicator for an economy's welfare inequality, and it is especially so when income volatility is high. The empirical analysis in this paper indicates that the income and consumption patterns among the Korean wage/salary worker households are quite consistent with the permanent income hypothesis. Further, it is found that consumption inequality tends to be lower than income inequality, and more importantly, that the two inequalities do not always vary in the same direction. These results call for stronger emphasis on consumption inequality in inequality literature.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.103-117
• /
• 1991

The purpose of this study was to investigate causal relations of resources and demands, family financial management and subjective financial wee-being among urban households by applying a system's approach. The data were collected through the questionnaire whose respondent were 455 housewives in Seoul. The data were analyzed by various statistical methods such as Frequency. Percentile, ANOVA , F-test, T-test, Pearson's correlation analysis, Multiple Regression Analysis. Path Analysis. The results of this research were as follows. 1) The level of subjective financial wee-being among urban households exceeded the middle level. It had significant differences according to resource variables such as age of housewife. education level of housewife, housewife's occupation, househead's occupation. per capita income, debt/net asset ratio, and according to demand variables such as aspiration, expectancy, perception of financial progress, relative deprivation. 2) The level of subjective financial well-being among urban households according to level of family financial management capability has significant differences. Therefore, the higher family financial management capability, the higher level of subjective financial well-being. 3) Among all variables affecting the subjective financial well-being among urban households. aspiration had the highest relative influence on the subjective financial well-being and per capita income, occupation of househead and family financial management variables were in this order. 4) Among all variables affecting the subjective financial well-being among urban households aspiration, occupation of househead, per capita income and finacial management variables had direct effect on subjective financial well-being . Besides housewife's education level, aspiration and per capita income had indirect effect on it through family financial management.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2013

The housing policy of Korea has been pushed with a focus on the middle-class. This contributed to alleviate the absolute lack problem of housing, but this program for the housing policy of low-income brackets is also true as insufficient attention. Thanks to Bulk supply-oriented housing policy, the rising penetration of housing and living conditions are improving as a whole, but low-income housing problem has been exacerbated by a relative. National and local government will solve the residential housing problem of low-income brackets by expanding welfare programs, but the quality of existing housing issues and the alternative policy are regarded as insufficient. Homeless households in Korea are still nearly 400 million, Housing costs higher than income weighted for buying a home and rent payments of low-income brackets. In this study, I investigated the concept of low-income housing welfare and housing policy changes. This paper is aimed to present the basic data through the investigation and analysis residential status of low-income brackets.

• Journal of Korea Planning Association
• /
• v.53 no.6
• /
• pp.101-116
• /
• 2018

Paying an attention to the issue of energy poverty of low-income households and ensuing regressivity of energy consumption, this study empirically analyzes the effects of both household and housing characteristics on heating energy consumption in an integrated way and identifies their causal structure based on the 2016 Korea Housing Survey data provided by the Korean government. Multiple regression analysis shows that household income and deteriorated level of housing, such as age and degree of cracks have positive effects and floor area of housing has a negative effect on the heating energy consumption per unit area of housing (HECPUH). Path analyses further reveal that the direct effect of household income on HECPUH is offset by the indirect effects that are mediated by deteriorated level and floor area of housing, making the total effect statistically insignificant. As a result, there is no significant difference in HECPUH across all income strata, implying that low-income (high-income) households pay more (less) heating costs relative to their income level, since they reside in the houses with relatively low (high) energy efficiency. To deal with this regressive causal structure of energy consumption, a policy option is recommended to improve energy efficiency of low-income housing through the government assistance in its maintenance and repair.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
• /
• v.54 no.2
• /
• pp.77-90
• /
• 2023

This study employed the Gini coefficient decomposition analysis to classify and examine fishery household income inequality according to income sources. The raw data from the Fisheries Economic Survey by the National Statistical Office were used for the analysis after equalization according to the recommended method of the OECD. In particular, the Gini coefficient was decomposed by classifying with and without public subsidies, and the contribution, correlation, and marginal effect by income source were presented.As a result of the analysis, the inequality of fishing income and non-fishing income of fishermen was worsening, and the inequality of transfer income was continuously easing. Among them, fisheries subsidies have been analyzed to have the greatest contribution to the Gini coefficient of gross income and the highest relative marginal effect, although distribution inequality has been alleviated. On the other hand, other subsidies, including public pensions, were found to have the opposite contribution, correlation, and marginal effect to fisheries subsidies. The results of this analysis showed that even within public subsidies, the contribution to income redistribution might differ depending on the nature of the subsidy. In addition, in the case of other public subsidies, it can be seen that the transition from selective welfare to universal welfare occurs.

• Journal of Labour Economics
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.43-77
• /
• 2012

This paper investigates how individual labor income is determined by initial conditions - such as educational attainment, age, and sex - and all the other conditions. Using KLIPS (Korea Labor & Income Panel Study) database, the paper finds, first, that over the period of 1998-2008, cross-sectional income distribution has deteriorated for the whole sample but not within each age group. Second, income mobility defined by the relative importance of initial conditions in individual income disparities has moderately increased in most age groups.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.651-662
• /
• 2021

Background and objective: This study identifies whether children's planning-organizing executive function can be significantly classified and predicted by home environment quality and wealth factors. Methods: For empirical analysis, we used the data collected from the 10th Panel Study on Korean Children in 2017. Using machine learning tools such as support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF), we evaluated the accuracy of the model in which home environment factors classify and predict children's planning-organizing executive functions, and extract the relative importance of variables that determine these executive functions by income group. Results: First, SVM analysis shows that home environment quality and wealth factors show high accuracy in classification and prediction in all three groups. Second, RF analysis shows that estate had the highest predictive power in the high-income group, followed by income, asset, learning, reinforcement, and emotional environment. In the middle-income group, emotional environment showed the highest score, followed by estate, asset, reinforcement, and income. In the low-income group, estate showed the highest score, followed by income, asset, learning, reinforcement, and emotional environment. Conclusion: This study confirmed that home environment quality and wealth factors are significant factors in predicting children's planning-organizing executive functions.