• Mycobiology
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.72-76
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• 2009

To investigate the growth response of various crop species to mycorrhizal inoculation, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were applied to Glycine max, Vigna angularis, Senna tora, Hordeum vulgare var. hexastichon. Zea mays, Sorghum bicolor, Allium tuberosum, Solanum melongena, and Capsicum annuum. The biomass of the inoculated crops was measured every two weeks for the 12-week growth period. By measuring biomass, we calculated the mycorrhizal responsiveness of the nine crop species. Among the nine crop species, four species showed a significant response to mycorrhizal inoculation. The shoot biomasses of V. angularis, C. annuum, A. tuberosum, and S. tora significantly increased with mycorrhizal inoculation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.1154-1157
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• 1996

The growth and electronic properties of ultrathin silver films deposited onto Pt(211) surface were studied using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The AES and LEED results indicate that the silver grows by a layer by layer growth followed by three dimensional islands growth. The XPS results show that the Ag 3d core-level binding energy of Ag overlayers on Pt(211) shifts toward lower binding energy relative to the bulk value at lower Ag coverage. This negative binding energy shift of the Ag 3d core level is explained by the reduced coordination number of the overlayer atoms and the resulting initial state band narrowing effect suggested by Wertheim and Citrin [Phys. Rev. Lett. 1978, 41, 1425].

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.165-168
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• 1989

묘삼을 분재배하여 인공기상실 $15^{\circ}C$ 자연광실에서 여러가지 색의 셀로판지를 차광재로로 5~10%의 투광율로 재배하였다. 상대근중9최종생근 중/최초 생근 중)은 청>녹>백>황>적의 순서였다. 지상부 생육 특히 경장은 청색 광하에서 가장 저조하였다. 상대근중은 경장과 부상관을 보였으며 이 관계에서 각 광질은 특수한 영역을 보여 청과 녹이 한 군, 적과 황이 다른 한 군으로 분리되었다. 경장은 주당엽 면적과 전체 또는 각개의 광질내에서 정상관을 보였는데 적색 광에서만 유의성이 없었다. 잎중의 엽록소 a 및 b의 함량 또는 엽록소 a/b 비율은 백>청>녹>적>황의 순이었으며 엽록소 a와 b간, 전엽록소와 a/b 비율간 a/b 비율과 엽록소 a간에 모두 고도의 유의 정상관을 보였다. 이상의 사실들은 청색 차광자재가 인삼생산에 유리할 것임을 보여준다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.261-275
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• 1994

수도권과 그 주변의 33장소의 리기다소나무 숲에서 연륜생장과 잔뿌리의 수직분포를 조사하였다. 생리적 연령이 16년과 20년 사이의 연륜의 생장은 전원지보다 도심지에서 불량하였다. 그리고 최근 5년간 (1985~1989)의 연륜생장은 연령 11년~20년, 연령 21년~30년 및 연령 31년~40년 그룹 모두에서 도심지에서 거리가 멀어짐에 따라 양호하였다. 리기다소나무 잔뿌리의 양은 도심지, 주변지 및 전원지 모두에서 토양의 깊이가 깊어짐에 따라 지수함수적으로 감소하였고, 그 양은 전원지에 비해 도심지에서 매우 적었다. 그리고 전원지의 잔뿌리의 수직분포와 비교해 볼 때, 도심지에서 잔뿌리는 토양층보다 낙엽층에 많이 분포하였다. 그리고 낙엽층 속의 잔뿌리 양과는 유의한 음의 상관이 있었다. 이들 결과로부터 도심지에서 리기다소나무 생장감소는 잔뿌리 생장감소와 잔뿌리의 비정상적인 수직분포에 원인이 있는 것으로 판단되었다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.221-228
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• 2009

Nosema sp. infection in the Indian tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta exerts a complex of influences on its host. The instar duration was extended significantly (P<0.001) except in $1^{st}$ instar. The infected larvae took about 48 days to reach the spinning stage against 40 days in the uninfected ones. The final weight attained by the larva at the end of each instar of development declined significantly following infection, as did weight gain and relative growth rate (RGR). The growth recorded/ day declined in infected larvae compared to uninfected ones from 8.2% during $1^{st}$ instar to 43.3% during $5^{th}$ instar. Food ingestion and digestion increased with advancement of the instar significantly irrespective of the status of the larvae but the relative consumption rate (RCR) declined. These parameters significantly declined in infected larvae (except food digested during $2^{nd}$ instar). The decline was more during $3^{rd}$ instar. In contrast, the approximate digestibility (AD %) was significantly higher in infected larvae than uninfected ones leaving the $1^{st}$ instar larvae unaffected. The efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) and efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) did not change in a patterned way following the microsporidia (Nosema sp.) infection. The values of ECI significantly changed during $2^{nd}$, $3^{rd}$ and $5^{th}$ instars; while the change in ECD during $2^{nd}$, $4^{th}$ and $5^{th}$ were significant. During the entire larval life all the parameters tends to decline significantly following microsporidia infection but AD registered a significant increase. Nosema sp. spore concentration has increased 270.7 times during larval development in the course of experimentation.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2004

A detailed evaluation of relative toxicity of fluoride to die 5th instar larvae of PM and NB$_4$D$_2$ races of silkworm and the effects of lethal, sublethal and prevailing levels of fluoride in groundwater on the growth, economic characters and fecundity of the silkworm, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) were studied. The feeding of mulberry, Morus alba leaves treated with lethal and sublethal doses of fluoride to PM and NB$_4$D$_2$ races of silkworms from the beginning of the 5th instar to the end of the feeding period resulted in significant reduction in growth, single cocoon weight, single shell weight, silk index, average filament length, and fecundity when compared to controls. These manges were more pronounced on exposure to lethal dose than sublethal dose and in general, the changes induced by fluoride were more striking in NB$_4$D$_2$ than PM, indicating the greater resistance of PM to higher fluoride levels. Groundwater quality in sericulturally important villages of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh States has been studied with special reference to the presence of fluoride. On exposure to dose of prevailing levels in the waters of sericulturally important areas, die changes observed on growth, economic characters and fecundity were slightly lower when compared to controls and the decrease was found to be insignificant (P$\geq$0.05). It was concluded that, though minute dose (4.0 ppm) of fluoride did not have any toxic impact, it is toxic at higher concentrations to silkworms.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.1084-1091
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• 2007

Different levels of dietary mannanoligosaccharide (Bio-MOS, Alltech Inc.) were evaluated for their efficacy on performance and gut development of broiler chickens during a 6-week experimental period. Experimental diets contained (g MOS/kg diet) a low (0.5 g during the entire period), medium (1 g during the entire period), high (2 g during the entire period), or step down (2 g in the first week; 1 g in the second and third week; 0.5 g in the last three weeks) level of MOS. Control diets included a negative and a positive control (zinc bacitracin, ZnB, 50 ppm and 30 ppm in the first and last three weeks, respectively). MOS supplementation improved the growth performance of young birds and the effects became less when the birds got older. The growth response of birds was more obvious at the high dosage level of MOS treatment than the other MOS treatments and the growth performance of birds fed on the high MOS diet was comparable to that of birds fed on the ZnB diet. Depending on the dosage level and the age of birds, MOS seemed to reduce the size of the liver and the relative length of the small intestine but did not affect the relative weight of the other visceral organs (proventriculus, gizzard, pancreas, bursa and spleen) and that of the small intestine. A numerical increase in the small intestine digestibility of nutrients was noticed in the young birds fed on the MOS diet(s), but not in the older ones. Medium and/or high MOS treatment also increased the villus height of the small intestine of birds at different ages. Similar results were observed on the ZnB treatment. However, MOS and ZnB affected caecal VFA profile in different ways. MOS increased, or tended to increase, whereas ZnB reduced individual VFA concentrations in the caeca.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.366-375
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• 1996

The effect of carbohydrates, fat and protein consumption on the blood pressure of adolescents was investigated from the cross sectional data. The two major areas of inquiry were : 1)measuring the variation of blood pressure at various levels of macronutient intake. 2)measuring the relative importance between the factor of nutrient intake and physical growth. A total of 726 students(341 boys and 385 girls) in the first grade of middle school in Kangwha country were studied for their dietary consumption and physical growth as well as blood pressure. Multiple regression analysis was used as the analytical method to identify the relative importance between the factors. Besides the macronutrient consumption, other nutrients such as vitamin and mineral intakes were included in the regression model. The results showed a variation of blood pressure by macronutrient intake level was in consistant both in blood pressure and by gender. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased with increasing protein intake for girls(p<0.05). However, it was not observed in the case of boys. The systolic blood pressure of boys showed a tendency to decrease with fat intake increase, while their diastolic blood pressure showed the opposite trend. Results of the regression analysis showed that physical growth was a more influential factor than nutrition on blood pressure for both sexes. This could imply that the dietary hypertension factors observed in adults may not be operative generally in a population with normotensive blood pressure during growth.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제89권5호
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• pp.585-590
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• 2000

본 연구는 도시형 온실 삼림욕장 개발을 목표로 하여 이 삼림욕장 조성에 이용될 후보식물들의 내음성을 조사하고자 수행되었다. 후보식물로 소나무, 장백소나무, 눈측백나무, 백리향, 인동덩굴 및 생강이 선정되어 각각 자연 전광의 50%, 30%, 10% 및 2% 로 조절된 피음포지에서 생육하였으며, 뱀고사리의 경우에는 시험용 삼림욕장내 상대광도가 자연 전광의 10~15%와 25~30%가 되는 장소에서 생육하였다. 소나무, 장백소나무, 백리향은 광도가 낮아짐에 따라 수고 및 근원경 생장과 건물질 생산량이 감소하였다. 눈측백나무와 생강은 50%에서의 생장이 오히려 대조구보다 좋았으며, 뱀고사리의 경우에는 상대광도가 낮을수록 생장이 양호하였다. 본 실험의 결과로 볼 때 소나무, 장백소나무 및 백리향은 눈측백나무와 생강에 비하여 온실 삼림욕장내에서 상대적으로 광도가 높은 장소에 적합하고, 뱀고사리는 앞으로 이러한 실내 공간에 매우 적합한 식물로 사료된다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2023

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of exogenous protease supplementation in diets formulated with poultry by-product meal on growth performance, small intestine magnitudes, and meat physiochemical characters in broiler chickens from 21 to 35 days post-hatch. A total of 120, one-day-old "Arbor Acres Plus" broiler chickens (male: female - 50:50) were allocated one of two dietary treatments to give six replicates and ten birds per cage. Two dietary treatments included a control diet (CON) and a diet supplemented with protease (CON+Pro). At day 35, body weight and feed intakes were measured to calculate the feed conversion ratio for the entire experiment period. Two birds from each pen were euthanized to measure the relative lengths and relative weights of three small intestine sections and meat samples were collected for physiochemical characteristic analyses at 35 days post-hatch. Exogenous protease supplementation did not influence (P>0.05) growth performance but showed a tendency to improve FCR (P=0.082). Protease supplementation showed a tendency to reduce proximal small intestine length (P=0.091). Broilers offered dietary treatments influenced minced meat color where protease supplementation resulted in lower CIE b^* (P<0.001) colorimetric value for yellowness and showed a significant trend (P=0.059) on reducing meat redness CIE a^*. In conclusion, the addition of exogenous protease to a broiler diet formulated with poultry by-product meal did not affect the growth performance, small intestine magnitudes, and meat physiochemical parameters (except CIE b^*) in broiler chickens.