• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.396-403
• /
• 2016

The aim was to determine the relative bioavailability of phosphorus (P) in peas for 21-day old broiler chickens using slope-ratio assay. One hundred and sixty eight male Ross 308 broiler chicks were divided into 42 groups 4 balanced for body weight and fed 7 diets in a completely randomized design (6 groups/diet) from day 1 to 21 of age. The diets were a corn-soybean meal basal diet, and the corn-soybean meal basal diet to which monosodium phosphate, brown- or yellow-seeded pea was added at the expense of cornstarch to supply 0.5% or 1% total phosphorus. Monosodium phosphate was included as a reference, and hence the estimated bioavailability of P in pea cultivars was relative to that in the monosodium phosphate. Birds and feed were weighed weekly and on d 21 they were killed to obtain tibia. The brown-seeded pea contained 23.4% crude protein, 0.47% P, whereas the yellow-seeded pea contained 24.3% crude protein and 0.38% P. Increasing dietary P supply improved (p<0.05) chick body weight gain and tibia ash and bone density. The estimated relative bioavailability of p values for brown- and yellow-seeded peas obtained using final body weight, average daily gain, tibia ash, and bone mineral density were 31.5% and 36.2%, 35.6% and 37.3%, 23.0% and 5.60%, and 40.3% and 30.3%, respectively. The estimated relative bioavailability of p values for brown- and yellow-seeded peas did not differ within each of the response criteria measured in this study. In conclusion, the relative bioavailability of P in pea did not differ depending on the cultivar (brown- vs yellow-seed). However, the relative bioavailability of P in pea may vary depending on the response criterion used to measure the bioavailability.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.127-133
• /
• 1987

Dissolution characteristics and urinary excreted amount of commercially available three brands of sulfisoxazole tablets were investigated in order to elucidate the in vitro-in vivo correlations and relative bioavailability in humans. All the tablets tested met the K.P. IV and the USP XXI specifications for tablet weight variation, content uniformity, disintegration and dissolution. The disintegration and dissolution rate constants of sulfisoxazole tablets in pH 2.0 HCl-KCl buffer were reduced more significantly (p<0.05) than those in diluted HCl $(1{\rightarrow}12.5)$ and pH 6.5 phosphate buffer. It seemed to be attributed to the pH dependent solubility of sulfisoxazole. We could see that the relative bioavailability of brand B to sulfisoxazole powder was about 90% and that its value was higher than those of other two brands from the urinary excretion data obtained from eight healthy male volunteers by means of Latin square cross over design. No useful correlation was observed between the in vitro and in vivo studies in this experiment.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 1984

This paper was attempted to study on the effect of metoclopramide or propantheline on the absorption rate and bioavailability and pharmacokinetic parameter of fluorouracil in rats and rabbits. The result are as follows; Metoclopramide increased the absorption rate of fluorouracil but propantheline decreased in situ experiment with rat small intestine. Metoclopramide increased the blood level and relative bioavailability and absorption rate constant of fluorouracil in rabbits. Prolonged the peak blood level (tmax) and decreased the absorption rate constant (Ka) but did not affect the blood level and relative bioavailability of fluorouracil in rabbits. As a matter of fact, it is considerd that the coadministration of metoclopramide or propantheline is more desirable than the single administration of fluorouracil for available dosage regimen.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.572-577
• /
• 2000

The effects of ibuprofen on bioavailability of ciprofloxacin were studied in rabbits. Animals were divided into three groups ; group A received 60 mg/kg of ciprofloxacin; group B and C received 60 mg/kg of ciprofloxacin with 60 and 240 mg/kg of ibuprofen, respectively. Ciprofloxacin and ibuprofen were given by single oral administration. Serum concentrations of ciprofloxacin were measured by high performance liquid chromatography with UV detector and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Area under the serum concentrations versus time curve (${\pm}\;S.E.$) of ciprofloxacin were decreased in group B and C compared with group A ($12.26\;{\pm}\;0.94$ and $12.57\;{\pm}\;0.94$ vs. $15.71\;{\pm}\;1.06\;{\mu}g{\cdot}hr/ml$, p<0.05), whereas total clearances were increased ($1.81\;{\pm}\;0.13$ and $1.76\;{\pm}\;0.12$ vs. $1.40\;{\pm}\;0.09\;l/hr/kg$, p<0.05). No significant differances in these parameters were observed between group B and C. Relative bio-availability of group B and C to group A were 78 and 80%, respectively. These results suggest that the coadministration of ibuprofen with ciprofloxacin may reduce the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.38 no.5
• /
• pp.313-317
• /
• 2008

This study investigated the effect of naringin, a flavonoid, on the bioavailability of etoposide administered orally to rats. Etoposide (6 mg/kg) was administered orally to rats alone or with naringin (1, 4 or 12 mg/kg). Compared with the control group, the co-administration of etoposide with 4 and 12 mg/kg of naringin significantly (p<0.05) increased the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and the peak plasma concentration ($C_{max}$) of the oral etoposide. Consequently, the absolute bioavailability (AB) of etoposide in the presence (4 and 12 mg/kg) of naringin was significantly (p<0.05) increased by $9.4{\sim}10.6%$ compared with the control group (7.4%). The relative bioavailability (RB) of etoposide was increased 1.13- to 1.44-fold compared to the control group. Enhanced bioavailability of etoposide might be due to inhibition of both cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 in the intestine or liver and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) transport efflux of etoposide in the intestinal membrane. This data indicate that careful consideration of the dosage for therapy with etoposide is required in a case of clinical application of the co-administration of etoposide and naringin.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.243-248
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of morin, an antioxidant, on the bioavailability of doxorubicin (DOX) in rats. Thus, DOX was administered intravenously (10 mg/kg) or orally (50 mg/kg) with or without oral morin (0.5, 3 and 10 mg/kg). In the presence of morin, the total area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of DOX was significantly greater than that of the control. In the presence of 3 and 10 mg/kg of morin, the peak concentration $C_{MAX}$) was significantly higher than that of the control. Consequently, the absolute bioavailability (AB) of DOX in the presence of morin was 3.7-8.3%, which was significantly enhanced compared with those of the control group (2.7%). The relative bioavailability (RB) of DOX was 1.36 to 3.02 times higher than those of the control group. Compared to the intravenous control, the presence of morin increased the AUC of DOX, but was not significantly affected. The enhanced bioavailability of oral DOX by oral morin may be due to the inhibition of both P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A in the intestine and/or liver by morin. This result may suggest that the development of oral DOX combination with morin is feasible, which is more convenient than the i.v. dosage forms. The present study raised the awareness about the potential drug interactions by concomitant use of DOX with morin.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.14-23
• /
• 1986

This study was conducted to investigate the correlation between the dissolution rates and the bioavailabilities of commercial phenytoin products, and also the correlation between their biovailabilities in rabbits and those in humans. Dissolution test was conducted in pH 9. 0 alkaline borate buffer (0.2M) using basket method with seven phenytoin products commercially available. According to the dissolution rate, the phenytoin products were divided into three groups, such as rapid, intermediate and slow group. Three phenytoin products from each group were selected for the bioavailability test in rabbits and humans. The bioavailability test was carried out in rabbits and normal volunteers using cross over design. Single doses of 20mg/kg and 300mg/man were orally administered to rabbits and normal volunteers respectively. Average $C_{max}$, $t_{max}$ and AUC of three phenytoin products were determined from the serum concentration-time curve in rabbit and human experiments. The relative bioavailability evaluation was conducted using AUC of three phenytoin products. The correlations between the dissolution rate constants and bioavailabilities (AUC) of three phenytoin products in rabbits as well as those in humans were not found. Whereas, there was significant correlation between average AUC of three phenytoin products in humans and those in rabbits (r=0.993, p<0.1). From the results of this experiment, it can be concluded that the bioavailability of phenytoin products in humans may be predicted from the results of the rabbit experiment. Also it is assumed that the prediction of the bioavailability of phenytoin products in humans may be difficult from the only results of in vitro dissolution test.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.208-210
• /
• 1992

Comparative bioavailability of two tablet dosage forms of ofloxacin (either as Hoechst (India) or Ranbaxy preparation ) was investigated. In a randomized cross-over study, eitht healthy human volunteers received single 200 mg dose of film coated ofloxacin in fasting state. The concentration of ofloxacin in the collected saliva and serum samples were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. No significant difference in bioavailability of both preparations was judged from various serum and seliva pharmacokinetic parameters such as peak concentration, time to peak concentration and are under the curves. Intersubject variation was also found to be insignificant.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 1999

The bioavailabilities of baicalin in water, oil, w/o and o/w emulsion were evaluated in rats. The dissolution rate of baicalin in o/w emulsion was smaller than those of w/o form in dilute hydrochloric acid solution (pH 1.2) and in PBS (pH 6.8). The absorption rate of baicalin from w/o emulsion was smaller than that of o/w emulsion in the different parts of rat intestine of the rats. Following oral administration in rats, the $C_{max}$ of baicalin from water phase, oil phase, o/w wand w/o emulsion were 2.11, 0.61, 1.57, and $1.35\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The relative bioavailability of w/o emusion was 129 % when it was compared with water phase. This result suggests that the improvement of bioavailability for baicalin in w/o emulsion might be practically available.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.14-18
• /
• 1996

This study was attempted to investigate the dissolution rate and the bioavailability after oral administration of commercially available norfloxacin tablets in rabbits. The dissolution test was conducted in artificial gastric juice using basket method with for norfloxacin preparations (A, B, C and D) which were chemically equivalent. The results were as follows ; The dissolution rate was increased in the order of four different brand A>D>B>C. Area under the plasma concentration curve and peak plasma concentration were increased in the order of brand A>D>B>C. Absorption rate constant and peak time were increased in the order of brand B>A>C>D, and there was a little difference in elimination rate constant and biological half-life. The correlation of the dissolution rate and relative bioavailability showed significant linear relationship. From the results of this experiment, the bioavailability of norfloxacin tablets in rabbits may be predicted from the results of dissolution rate studies.