• 제목/요약/키워드: relative L-order

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Formation of Cadmium(II) Nitrate Complexes with Macrocycles

  • Ho-Doo Kim;Hak-Jin Jung;Oh-Jin Jung
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제14권5호
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    • pp.561-567
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    • 1993
  • The twelve macrocycle (L) complexes of cadmium(II) nitrate have been synthesized: $CdL(NO_3)_2$. All the complexes have been indentified by elemental analysis, electric conductivity measurements, IR and NMR spectroscopic techniques. The molar electric conductivities of the complexes in water and acetonitrile solvent were in the range of 236.8-296.1 $cm^2{\cdot}mol^{-1}{\cdot}ohm^{-1}$ at 25$^{\circ}$C. The characteristic peaks of macrocycles affected from Cd(II) were shifted to lower frequencies as compared with uncomplexed macrocycles. A complex with 1,4,8,11-tetrakis(methylacetato)-1,4,8,11-tetraaza cyclodecane (L4) exhibited two characteristic bands such as strong stretching (1646 $cm^{-1})$, and weaker symmetric stretching band (1384 $cm^{-1})$. NMR studies indicated that all nitrogen donor atoms of macrocycles have greater affinity to cadmium(II) metal ion than do the oxygen atoms. The $^{13}$C-resonance lines of methylene groups neighboring the donor atom such as N and S were shifted to a direction of high magnetic field and the order of chemical shifts were $L_1 < L_2 < L_3 < L_6 < L_4$. Also the chemical shifts values were larger than those of methylene groups bridgeheaded in side-armed groups. This result seems due to not only the strong interaction of Cd(Ⅱ) with nitrogen donors according to the HSAB theory, but weak interaction of Cd(Ⅱ) and COO- ions or sulfur which is enhanced by the flexible methylene spacing group in side-armed groups. Thus, each additional gem-methyl pairs of L_3, L_4\;and\; L_6$ macrocycles relative to $L_1, L_2,\;and\;L_5$ leads to an large enhancement in Cd(II) affinity. ^{13}C$-NMR spectrum of the complex with $L_{12}$ (1,5,9,13-tetracyclothiacyclohexadecane-3,11-diol) reveals the presence of two sets of three resonance lines, and intensities of the each resonance line have the ratio of 1 : 2 : 2. This molecular conformation is predicted as structure of tetragonal complex to be formed by coordinating two sulfur atoms and the other two sulfur atoms which is affected by OH-groups.

TAR-GARCH 모형을 이용한 국내 주가 자료 분석 (TAR-GARCH processes as Alternative Models for Korea Stock Prices Data)

  • 황선영;김은주
    • 응용통계연구
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.437-445
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    • 2000
  • 국내 주가시계열을 분석하기 위해 기존의 비선형시계열모형인 분계점을 가진 자기외귀모형(TAR)과 일반화 이분산자기회귀모형(GARCH)을 비교 분석한 후, 이 두가지 모형을 결합시킨 새로운 모형 TAT-GARCH모형을 제안하였다. 이 모형은 그 자체로도 이론적인 관삼의 대상이 되어 연관된 모수추정 기법을 제시하였고 국내 개별 주가시계열 자료의 분석에 있어서 제안된 모형이 기존의 모형들 보다 상대적으로 더 좋은 예측치를 제공할 수 있음을 특정 9개 회사의 주가분석을 통해 알아보았다.

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용출법을 이용한 치과용 base metal alloy의 세포독성에 관한 실험적 연구 (An Experimental Study on The Cytotoxicity of Dental Base Metal Alleys by Extraction Method)

  • 윤민의;진태호;동진근
    • 대한치과보철학회지
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    • 제27권2호
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    • pp.123-130
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    • 1989
  • In order to investigate the biocompatibility of base metal alloys in dental prosthesis, the 3 types of Ni-Cr alloys and the 3 types of Co-Cr alloys were collected and each alloy was extracted in the culture medium. L-cells derived from the subcutaneous tissue of mouse and extracted medium were cultivated. The relative growth rate of L-cells in the tissue culture was calculated with N-R assay. The obtained results were as follows: 1. In the case of the Co-Cr alloys tested, its cytotoxicity proved weak. 2. In the case of the Ni-Cr alloys tested, there was no significant degree of cytotoxicity, especially 25% Victory was proved noncytotoxicity.

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Type 316LN 강의 크리프 수명예측 파라메타의 표준오차 분석 (Standard Error Analysis of Creep-Life Prediction Parameters of Type 316LN Stainless Steels)

  • 김우곤;윤송남;류우석
    • 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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    • pp.19-24
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    • 2004
  • A number of creep data were collected and filed for type 316LN stainless steels through literature survey and experimental data produced in KAERI. Using these data, polynomial equations for predicting creep life were obtained for Larson Miller (L-M), Qrr-Sherby-Dorn (O-S-D) and Manson-Haferd (M-H) parametric methods. In order to find out the suitability for them, the relative standard error (RSE) and standard error of estimate (SEE) values were obtained by statistical process of creep data. The O-S-D parameter showed better fitting to creep-rupture data than the L-M or the M-H parameters, and the three parametric methods did not generate the large difference in the SEE and the RSE values.

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Sequential Copolypeptides (Ⅲ). Synthesis and Characterization of Poly ($\gamma$-benzyl-L-glutamyl-$\gamma$-benzyl-L-glutamyl-glycine)

  • Choi, Sang-Up;Kang, Joon-Kil
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제1권3호
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    • pp.78-82
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    • 1980
  • Solutions of $Cd^{2+}$, $Co^{2+}$ and $Ni^{2+}$ were mixed with the solutions of hydroxycarboxylic acids such as salicylic, lactic and mandelic acids in the presence of cation exchange resin at room temperature. The distribution ratios of the metal ions between resin and solution were measured, using radioactive metal ions as tracer. From the observed variation of the distribution ratios with the acid anion concentrations, it was concluded that $Cd^{2+}$, $Co^{2+}$ and $Ni^{2+}$ formed the one-to-one complexes with salicylate, lactate and mandelate ions in aqueous, 20 % ethanol-water and 20 % acetone-water solutions. The results of the present study indicated that the relative stabilities of the metal-acid complexes in solution increased in the order: $Cd^{2+}$ <$Co^{2+}$ <$Ni^{2+}$ complexes. Salicylate

Optimizing Medium Components for the Maximum Growth of Lactobacillus plantarum JNU 2116 Using Response Surface Methodology

  • Yoo, Heeseop;Rheem, Insoo;Rheem, Sungsue;Oh, Sejong
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제38권2호
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    • pp.240-250
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    • 2018
  • This study was undertaken to find the optimum soy-peptone, glucose, yeast extract, and magnesium sulfate amounts for the maximum growth of Lactobacillus plantarum JNU 2116 and to assess the effects of these medium factors through the use of response surface methodology. A central composite design was used as the experimental design for the allocation of treatment combinations. In the analysis of the experiment, due to a significant lack of fit of the second-order polynomial regression model that was used at first, cubic terms were added to the model, and then two-way interaction terms were deleted from the model since they were found to be all statistically insignificant. A relative comparison among the four factors showed that the growth of L. plantarum JNU 2116 was affected strongly by yeast extract, moderately by glucose and peptone, and slightly by magnesium sulfate. The estimated optimum amounts of the medium factors for the growth of L. plantarum JNU 2116 are as follows: soy-peptone 0.213%, glucose 1.232%, yeast extract 1.97%, and magnesium sulfate 0.08%. These results may contribute to the production of L. plantarum L67 as a starter culture that may have potential application in yogurt and fermented meat products.

Rhodobacter sphaeroides에 의한 ${\delta}-aminolevulinic{\;}acid$생산에 있어서 glutamic acid 및 감마 유도체의 영향 (Effect of glutamic acid and its ${\gamma}-derivatives$ on the production of ${\delta}-aminolevulinic{\;}acid$ by Rhodobacter sphaeroides)

  • 최경민;임왕진;황세영
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제36권3호
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    • pp.184-190
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    • 1993
  • Rhodobacter sphaeroides 균주가 생산하는 ${\delta}-aminolevulinic\;acid(ALA)$의 생산성에 관하여 in vivo, in vitro 상에서 기질 및 관련 화합물을 이용하여 검토하였다. $C_5\;ALA$ 생합성계에 의한 ALA yield 대비의 $C_4$ 생합성계에 의한 비율은 in vive 상에서 0.78인 반면, in vitro 상에서의 비율은 1.37이었다.$C_4\;C_5$ 각 계의 기질 첨가 배양에 의한 cell-free system의 $C_4,\;C_5$ 계의 발현도는 미첨가 배양에 의한 system과 비교하여 각각 1.35, 1.52로 증가하였으나, 증가한 계에 대한 상대계의 발현도가 억제되어, $C_4$$C_5$ 계가 각각 0.91, 0.83으로 나타났다. ${\gamma}-Glutamyl\;derivatives$의 세포내 uptake rates는 L-glutamic acid를 기준으로 비교해서 D-glutamic acid, 0.55: D-glutamine, 0.5: L-glutamine, 0.4: ${\gamma}-L-glutamyl\;ethylester$, 0.3: GSH 및 Glu-pNA, 0의 순서를 보였다. Uptake rate와 관계없이 in vivo 상에서 L-과 D-glutamine이 L-, D-glutamic acid보다 균체 외 ALA의 생산에 있어서 각각 높은 yield의 효과를 보였다.

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레이저빔에 의한 조성구배계면 Ni/Steel 재료의 제조 (Fabrication of Graded-Boundary Ni/Steel Material by Laser Beam)

  • 안재모;김도훈
    • 한국레이저가공학회지
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.22-29
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    • 1999
  • This work was carried out as a fundamental experiment to fabricate a Graded-Boundary Ni/Steel material using a laser beam. A Ni sheet was placed on a steel substrate, and then a series of high power $CO_2$ laser beams were irradiated on the surface in order to produce a homogeneous alloyed layer. The processing parameters were : 4 ㎾ laser power, 2m/min traverse speeds, -2mm defocuing, 17 l/min sheiding gas flow rates. The sequential repetition of the laser surface alloying treatment up to 4 times, resulted in about 5mm thick of fair compositional gradient systems. In order to determine the microstructure, phase and compositional profiles in this material, optical microscopy, XRD and EDS were used. The compositions varied from 66% to 0% for Ni and 34% to 100% for Fe in this material The microstructures were typical morphologies of rapid solidification and solid-state cooling. Since compressive stress was formed in the heat affected region due to martensitic transformation, while relative tensile stress was developed in the alloyed region, cracks were formed between the alloyed region and the substrate region.

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Comet Assay를 이용한 Flavonoids와 항산화 비타민의 인체임파구 세포 DNA 손상 보호 효과 (Protective Effect of Flavonoids on Lymphocyte DNA Damage Using Comet Assay)

  • 박유경;전은재;강명희
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제36권2호
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    • pp.125-132
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    • 2003
  • The present study was attempted to investigate and compare the antioxidant potency of several well-know flavonoids, antioxidant vitamin and commercially available popular beverages. The antioxidant potency was assessed by the effect on reducing oxidative DNA damage of human lymphocytes. Cellular oxidative DNA damage was measured by SCGE (single-cell gel electrophoresis), also known as comet assay. Lymphocytes were pre-treated for 30 minutes with wide ranges of doses of apigenin, kaempferol, luteolin, myricetin, rutin, quercetin, $\alpha$-tocopherol (10,25,50,100,200,500,1000 $\mu$M) ,green tea extract or grape juice (10,50,100,250,500,1000 $\mu$g/mL) followed by a $H_2O$$_2$(100 $\mu$M) treatment for 5 min as an oxidative stimulus. The physiological function of each antioxidant substance on oxidative DNA damage was analyzed as tail moment (tail length $\times$ percentage migrated DNA in tail) and expressed as relative DNA damage score after adjusting by the level of control treatment. Cells treated with $H_2O$$_2$alone (positive control) had an extensive DNA damage compared with cells treated with phosphate buffered saline (PBS, negative control) or pre-treated with all the tested samples. Of all the six flavonoids, quercetin was the most potent antioxidant showing the lowest $ED_{50}$/ of 8.5 $\mu$g/mL (concentration to produce 50% protection of relative DNA damage). The antoxidant potency of individual flavonoids were ranked as follows in a decreasing order; luteolin (18.4 $\mu$g/mL), myricetin (19.0 $\mu$g/mL) , rutin (22.2 $\mu$g/mL) , apigenin (24,3 $\mu$g/mL) , kaempferol (25.5 $\mu$g/mL). The protective effect of $\alpha$-tocopherol was substantially lower (highest $ED_{50}$value of 55.0 $\mu$g/mL) than all the other flavonoids, while the protective effect was highest in green tea and grape juice with low ED5O value of 7.6 and 5.3, respectively. These results suggest that flavonoids, especially quercetin, and natural compounds from food product, green tea and grape juice, produced powerful anti-oxidative activities, even stronger than $\alpha$-tocopherol. Taken together, supplementation of antioxidants to lymphocytes followed by oxidative stimulus inhibited damage to cellular DNA, supporting a protective effect against oxidative damage induced by reactive oxygen species.

참나무류(類)의 비교내후성(比較耐朽性)에 관한 연구(硏究) (A Study on the Relative Decay Durability of Quercus Species)

  • 민경희;정대교
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제15권2호
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    • pp.16-25
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    • 1987
  • 본(本) 연구(硏究)는 참나무 6수종(樹種)의 비교내후성(比較耐朽性)을 조사하기 위해 실험실적(實驗實的)인 방법(方法)으로 실시(實施)되었다. 비교내후성(比較耐朽性)은 Lentinus edodes 균(菌)과 Pleurotus ostreatus 균(菌)에 의한 중량감소율(重量減少率)로 나타내었다. 본(本) 연구(硏究)의 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. L. edodes 균(菌)에 대한 내후성(耐朽性)이 가장 강한 재종(村種)은 졸참나무(Q. serrata TH.)의 심재(心材)와 갈참나무(Qaliena BL.)의 변재(邊材)였으며, 상수리나무(Q. acutissima C.)의 심재(心材)와 떡갈나무(Q.dentata TH.)의 변재(邊材)가 가장 약하였다. 2. P. ostreatus균(菌)에 대한 내후성(耐朽性)이 가장 강한 재종(材種)은 졸참나무(Q. serrata TH.)의 심재(心材)와 갈참나무(Q. aliena BL.)의 변재(邊材)였으며, 굴참나무(Q. variabilis BL.)의 심재(心材)와 떡갈나무(Q. dentata TH.)의 변재(邊材)가 가장 약하였다. 3. 참나무 6수종(樹種)의 절단고(切斷高)에 다른 중량감소율(重量減少率)은 일관(一貫)된 변화(變化)가 없었다. 4. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)를 종합(綜合)해 고찰(考察)하여 볼 때 참나무 6樹種(수종) 자연상태(自然狀態) 하(下)에서의 P. ostreatus균(菌)과 L. edodes 균(菌)에 대한 내후성(耐朽性)이 가장 강한 수종(樹種)은 갈참나무(Q. aliena BL.)로 사료(思料)된다.

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