• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.71-73
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• 2000

Considering that there is the lack of standards for storing genome-related on-line documents, the techniques in Natural Language Processing (NLP) is likely to become more and more important. It is necessary to extract useful information from the raw text and to store it in a computer-readable database format. Recent advances in NLP technologies raise new challenges and opportunities for tackling genome-related on-line text for information extraction task, For example, we can obtain many useful information related to genetic network or metabolic pathways simply by analyzing verbs such as 'activate'or 'inhibit'in Medline abstracts in a fully automatic way, Thus, combining NLP techniques with genome informatics extends beyond the traditional realms of either technology to a variety of emerging applications.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.227-237
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• 1992

The purposes of this literature review were to identify the theoretical basis and components of the concept hardiness, trends in the study of hardiness it's application in nursing and issues in measurement. The concept of hardiness has been derived deductively from existential psychology and is composed of three components, control, commitment and challenge. In research, the characteristic of hardiness has been demonstrated as a motivating factor in resolving stressful situations and in adapting to actual health problems. With regard to the measurement of hardiness, because of it's low level of predictability related to health outcomes, it is recommanded that the component of be omited from the concept of hardiness. On the basis of this literature review, the following suggestions are proposed. 1. Considering the lack of empirical suport, the theory of hardiness needs to be evaluated. 2. There is a need for further study of hardiness in a broad variety of populations. 3. A valid, reliable and culturally appropriate instrument needs to be developed for health related research. 4. Analysis is needed of the relationship between hardiness and stress-resistance, and of the factors related to both.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 2013

Environmental quality(EQ) is one of the most important components of the assessment of "Quality of Life(QOL)". Most EQ related research dealt with overall built environmental quality issues as represented by several clusters of factors related to occupants' satisfaction. This paper aims to identify and understand the theoretical background and the occupants' comparative standards of response to conditions of the built environment related to environmental quality(EQ). Therefore, this paper have reviewed the theoretical framework and empirical research for environmental quality in built environment. the concept of environmental quality if elaborated from diverse perspectives. Different ways of interpreting environmental quality have led to a variety of ways to conduct evaluations. A review of the theories and methods used for the analysis of perceived environmental quality provides a strong foundation for new research frameworks and environmental quality in built environment.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.39-47
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• 2016

The state adopts the policies based on the goals pursued by the state and provides a basic policy for administrative activities related to early childhood education. Therefore, early childhood education policy should be established organically in consultant with the social consent in advance. In most countries will bear the costs of child care and early childhood education can reduce the financial burden of parents and early childhood education consumers are able to understand the will of the government to support the child care services, which they need in a variety of way. The conflict is deepening - among policy officials, front-line institutions participating in policy implementation, and parents - surrounding the infant and early childhood education. And the conflict has caused the difference between this policy and claims that cannot find hardly a solution. In this study, we argue how the policy differences between groups involved in the policy to analyze the influence, to find the policy conflict resolution strategies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.73-84
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• 1990

The present research investigated perceptions of persons wearing Korean and Western clothing with reference to judgement of appropriateness of style in a variety of socially interacting contexts and relationship to social schemata and to general clothing interest. 180 male and 180 female students responded to open-ended and Likert-type questionnaires. The stimuli were 9 line drawings of male and female figures in traditional Korean and Western formal and informal attire. Data were analyzed by content analysis, frequency, percentage, and mean. Traditional Korean clothing was judged as inappropriate on the campus and in the office but appropriate in the ambiguous context. Korean traditional styles were related to person schemata, but Western styles were related to role schemata. Furthermore, Korean styles were considered to be 'impractical' and 'inactive.' A newly emerging perception of persons wearing Korean attire as 'individualistic' and 'radical activist' was discovered. Impressions of persons wearing traditional Korean clothing were partially related to subject's own clothing interest.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.85-92
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• 2021

Distance learning for students with intellectual disabilities can prove beneficial, particularly if adjusted to their educational characteristics and needs. This study seeks to identify the views of parents living in Saudi Arabia, regarding the opportunities offered by distance learning for students with intellectual disabilities, alongside their challenges during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research employed qualitative methods using semi-structured interviews with six parents of students with intellectual disabilities. The results revealed a number of both opportunities and challenges, including issues related to the family, in addition, the data highlighted difficulties related to the educational process (i.e. a lack of variety of educational methods) and technical issues related to access to the Internet and the insufficient computer skills of both teachers and students. The findings have several important implications for future practice, including the need for training workshops for parents concerning the online platform, as well as further research to determine students' perspectives of their experiences with distance learning.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.117-127
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• 2004

The heterodimeric amino acid transporter family is a subfamily of SLC7 solute transporter family which includes 14-transmembrane cationic amino acid transporters and 12-transmembrane heterodimeric amino acid transporters. The members of heterodimeric amino acid transporter family are linked via a disulfide bond to single membrane spanning glycoproteins such as 4F2hc (4F2 heavy chain) and rBAT $(related\;to\;b^0,\;^+-amino\;acid\;transporter)$. Six members are associated with 4F2hc and one is linked to rBAT. Two additional members were identified as ones associated with unknown heavy chains. The members of heterodimeric amino acid transporter family exhibit diverse substrate selectivity and are expressed in variety of tissues. They play variety of physiological roles including epithelial transport of amino acids as well as the roles to provide cells in general with amino acids for cellular nutrition. The dysfunction or hyperfunction of the members of the heterodimeric amino acid transporter family are involved in some diseases and pathologic conditions. The genetic defects of the renal and intestinal transporters $b^{0,+}AT/BAT1\;(b^{0,+}-type\;amino\;acid\;transporter/b^{0,+}-type\;amino\;acid\;transporter\;1)$ and $y^+LAT1\;(y^+L-type\;amino\;acid\;transporter\;1)$ result in the amino aciduria with sever clinical symptoms such as cystinuria and lysin uric protein intolerance, respectively. LAT1 is proposed to be involved in the progression of malignant tumor. xCT (x-C-type transporter) functions to protect cells against oxidative stress, while its over-function may be damaging neurons leading to the exacerbation of brain damage after brain ischemia. Because of broad substrate selectivity, system L transporters such as LAT1 transport amino acid-related compounds including L-Dopa and function as a drug transporter. System L also interacts with some environmental toxins with amino acid-related structure such as cysteine-conjugated methylmercury. Therefore, these transporter would be candidates for drug targets based on new therapeutic strategies.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.119-128
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to develop Web database for healthy city that contains healthy city indicators for making city health plans, setting project priorities, monitoring projects, and evaluating healthy city projects, effectively. Using Delphi survey method for identifying indicator domains and indicators, we extracted nine domains with thirty-four healthy city indicators. Based on the appraisals of DB users about the contents of DB, a web database for healthy city Wonju was constructed. We developed a web database system for the purposes of sharing high quality health related data for managing and evaluating healthy city projects. The web database currently provides variety data in the web address, http://healthycity.wonju.go.kr/index.html. The web DB comprised with major healthy city indicators that are the most important indicators, healthy city indicator data that have a variety data set for encompassing all domain areas such as city infrastructure, health medicine, economies, and all other related areas and qualitative data that contains policy reports, research results, healthy city information and all other tips. A database of healthy city is very essential and important because it makes healthy city projects alive by managing and sharing healthy city related data effectively. But we need to fill out some blank cells in DB because there are currently unavailable data for some indicators. In conclusion, we expect the web DB contributes information sharing of healthy city project teams and improving healthy city project quality at Wonju city in Korea.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.79-96
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• 2017

A variety of xenobiotic chemicals, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), aryl- and heterocyclic amines and tobacco related nitrosamines, are ubiquitous environmental carcinogens and are required to be activated to chemically reactive metabolites by xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, including cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP), in order to initiate cell transformation. Of various human P450 enzymes determined to date, CYP1A1, 1A2, 1B1, 2A13, 2A6, 2E1, and 3A4 are reported to play critical roles in the bioactivation of these carcinogenic chemicals. In vivo studies have shown that disruption of Cyp1b1 and Cyp2a5 genes in mice resulted in suppression of tumor formation caused by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, respectively. In addition, specific inhibitors for CYP1 and 2A enzymes are able to suppress tumor formation caused by several carcinogens in experimental animals in vivo, when these inhibitors are applied before or just after the administration of carcinogens. In this review, we describe recent progress, including our own studies done during past decade, on the nature of inhibitors of human CYP1 and CYP2A enzymes that have been shown to activate carcinogenic PAHs and tobacco-related nitrosamines, respectively, in humans. The inhibitors considered here include a variety of carcinogenic and/or non-carcinogenic PAHs and acethylenic PAHs, many flavonoid derivatives, derivatives of naphthalene, phenanthrene, biphenyl, and pyrene and chemopreventive organoselenium compounds, such as benzyl selenocyanate and benzyl selenocyanate; o-XSC, 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.173-180
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• 2003

To clarify whether the closely related species living in the same area is a population or populations ecologically, leaf morphology, specific leaf area, and fruit and seed production were studied in the natural group of sect. Pes-gallinaceua of Corydalis of Namhansansung area from 1999 to 2000. There were 352 plants in one square meter and total eight species or varieties were identified. Of the 352 plants, the number of C. turtschaninovii was the most with 103(29.3%), and that of C. ambigua was the next with 78(22.2%), and that of C. turtschaninovii var. fumariaefolia was the smallest with 9(2.6%). In the 28 plants having spotted leaves, central leaflet did not parted or again parted. The extent of partition with the plant was various from non-parted type to perfectly two-parted type (three leaflet). Between two extreme types, there were diverse types so that this character formed a gradient. The rate of length/breadth was in the range of 0.79~2.17. This character was related to the extent of leaflet partition but did not well expressed the distinguishing trait along a species. The number and the type of serration were diverse and there was no sharp borderline among the species or varieties. Ecological properties, specific leaf area, the number of fruit per plant, and the number of seed per fruit, varied with a wide range in a species or variety but differences between species or variety were not significant. Therefore, the Corydalis group studied was regarded as a population on the three criteria: (1) possibility of interbreeding, (2) continuity of leaf morphology, (3) irrelevance between character and species, (4) similarity of several ecological properties.