• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate bone mineral density(BMD) and fear of falling and falls efficacy in the middle and old aged women over 50 years. Methods: The subjects consisted of 409 women. One-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlations and multiple regression were used to test the BMD, fear of falling and falls efficacy scale by using SPSSWIN 12.0. The BMD of the calcaneus were measured with peripheral dual energy x-ray absorptiometry(DEXA). Results: The average age was 63 years old and the average T-score was -3.21 in patient with osteoporosis, -1.72 with osteopenia, and .13 with normal. There were significant differences in the status of the BMD according to age(p=.000), height(p=.000), weight(p=.000), married status(p=.000), age of menarche(p=.002), and menopause(p=.002). The fear of falling was related with falls efficacy(r=-.247, p=.01), BMD(r=-.337, p=.01). Falls efficacy($\beta$=-.21, p=.000)and BMD($\beta$=-.26, p=.000) were predicting variables of fear of falling. The model explained 13% of the variance in fear of falling(F=27.38, p=.000). Conclusion: Fear of falling and falls efficacy were related with the bone mineral density. Falls efficacy and BMD may be useful for the predicting fear of falling for women in middle and old age. Further studies with assessment of fall-related risk-factors and a longitudinal study are necessary to assess with falls efficacy, and BMD with age.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.225-234
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the osteoporotic condition and periodontal condition in postmenopausal women with periodontitis. Forty three female postmenopausal patients with no systemic disease were grouped into 3 groups by their periodontal conditions; 12 mild periodontitis, 11 moderate periodontitis and 20 advanced periodontitis. From each patient, age of menopause was taken, alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and osteocalcin (OC) in blood and deoxypyridinoline (DPD) in urine were measured. Bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine (L2-L4) was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Periodontal and osteoporotic parameters were compared among the groups and correlation coefficient between them was evaluated. The blood ALP and OC levels were similar among the groups with different periodontal condition, whereas the urine DPD level and BMD were significantly lower in advanced periodontitis group than the other groups(p<0.01). Probing depth was negatively related with BMD (r=-0.5, p<0.01) and positively related with patient age and the duration of menopause (r= 0.32 and 0.35 respectively, p<0.05). Clinical attachment loss was negatively related with BMD (r=-0.66, p<0.01), and positively related with urine DPD (r= 0.37, p<0.05). These results showed that postmenopausal women with advanced periodontitis had significantly decreased bone mineral density and suggests that decreased bone mineral density in postmenopausal women could be associated with periodontal tissue breakdown.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.268-278
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• 2015

Background: This study aimed to assess the whole-body vibration (WBV) exposure among large blast hole drill machine operators with regard to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) recommended threshold values and its association with machine- and rock-related factors and workers' individual characteristics. Methods: The study population included 28 drill machine operators who had worked in four opencast iron ore mines in eastern India. The study protocol comprised the following: measurements of WBV exposure [frequency weighted root mean square (RMS) acceleration ($m/s^2$)], machine-related data (manufacturer of machine, age of machine, seat height, thickness, and rest height) collected from mine management offices, measurements of rock hardness, uniaxial compressive strength and density, and workers' characteristics via face-to-face interviews. Results: More than 90% of the operators were exposed to a higher level WBV than the ISO upper limit and only 3.6% between the lower and upper limits, mainly in the vertical axis. Bivariate correlations revealed that potential predictors of total WBV exposure were: machine manufacturer (r = 0.453, p = 0.015), age of drill (r = 0.533, p = 0.003), and hardness of rock (r = 0.561, p = 0.002). The stepwise multiple regression model revealed that the potential predictors are age of operator (regression coefficient ${\beta}=-0.052$, standard error SE = 0.023), manufacturer (${\beta}=1.093$, SE = 0.227), rock hardness (${\beta}=0.045$, SE = 0.018), uniaxial compressive strength (${\beta}=0.027$, SE = 0.009), and density (${\beta}=-1.135$, SE = 0.235). Conclusion: Prevention should include using appropriate machines to handle rock hardness, rock uniaxial compressive strength and density, and seat improvement using ergonomic approaches such as including a suspension system.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.12-29
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effect on factors related lactation after administration of Palmul-tang in postpartum C57BL/6N mice. Materials and Methods: Experimental groups were divided into control group post-par group and pre-par group. Pre-par and post-par group were administered Palmul-tang(p.o) twice a week for 4 weeks or 3 weeks respectively. Control group was administered normal saline for 3 weeks. Then we observed morphological change, immunohistochemical density and milk protein gene expression of factors related lactation within mammary gland of postpartum mice. Results: In post-par and pre-par groups, adipose tissue within mammary gland significantly decreased, and ductal branch and alveoli prominently developed than that of control group at 1~3 weeks after administraion of Palmul-tang. In post-par and pre-par groups, density of immunoreactivity on oxytocin, prolactin, estrogen and progesterone receptors in mammary glandular tissue significantly increased than that of control group. mRNA expression of $\beta$-casein and placental lactogen (PL)-1 in post-par group was more increased than that of control and pre-par groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that Palmul-tang significantly improved factors related lactation at postpartum period.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the lipid profile ratios as factors affecting disease progress in patients with high-grade primary brain cancers undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) and adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: The levels of lipid profile ratios were evaluated by looking at the total cholesterol (TC) to high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (TC/HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol (LDL-c/HDL-c), and triglycerides to HDL-cholesterol (TG/HDL-c). This descriptive research was conducted 7 months after the initiation of CCRT and adjuvant chemotherapy. Results: A total of 36 patients with newly diagnosed primary malignant brain cancer were included in the study. The levels of lipid profile ratios such as TC/HDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c, TG/HDL-c were significantly different between the patients with and without disease progress at 7 months after initiation of CCRT and adjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusion: The lipid profile ratios were indicators affecting disease prognosis with tumor-related factors at 7 months after initiation of CCRT and adjuvant chemotherapy. Therefore, lipid profile ratios indicating hyperlipidemia in patients with high-grade brain cancers should be carefully monitored during and after cancer-related therapy.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2013

As the clothing materials have been more functional and advanced, the cotton fabrics for dress shirts or blouses have been more qualified and the sewability for high degree of completion has been required. This study aims to identify the seam strength depending on the change of stitch density of fine cotton fabrics by fabric and thread and so the general seam performance of fine cotton fabrics by analyzing the seam efficiency and breaking mode of seams. For an experiment, 3 kinds of fine cotton fabrics and 2 kinds of threads were selected and the sample was made by changing the stitch density by four steps. Then, the seam strength was measured. Next, the seam efficiency and breaking mode of seams were analyzed on the basis of the results of seam strength measurement. The results are as follows: All fabrics showed the similar tendency in seam strength. The seam strength is related to the tensile strength and thread strength, it increased only to a certain stitch density. When the stitch density exceeded a certain level, fabrics were destroyed or threads were cut. Then, the seam strength didn't increase. Furthermore, the more the seam strength increased, the more the seam efficiency increased. For increasing the maximum stitch density, it was required to use the fabrics and threads which had similar properties, in other words, the high thread strength for the high tensile strength and the low thread strength for the high tensile strength.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.155-162
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• 1993

The human's biomechanical structure keeps an optimal state by adapting the original biomechanical structure according to a change in the physical environment. This phenomenon is believed to be the main cause of loosening of the total hip replacement which is used widely in these days. In this study the bone density change due to artificial hip joint, which is generally believed as bone-remodeling, was investigated by the finite element method. For this, 2-D FEM models with 4 nodal point elements were constructed for intact and implanted cases. The density was calculated by comparing the relative amounts of effective stress for these two cases. In this way, calculated new density values were used in the next step as input values and this procedure repeated until convergence was obtained. Severe density change was detected at the femoral cortex of the proximal-medial side as expected. Moreover, following surprising result was found from this analysis. Titanium alloy prosthesis showed less density change compared to stainless steel prosthesis at earlier stage, however, almost same amount of the density change was detected at final stage. It was also found that other design parameters could not significantly affect its density change.

• Advances in biomechanics and applications
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2014

Computed tomography (CT) is being utilized in orthopaedics and related research to estimate bone strength. These applications benefit from calibration of Hounsfield units to mineral density typical of long bone, up to $1750mg/cm^3$. This study describes a method for establishing repeatable calibration of Hounsfield units to density, and determines the effects of imaging medium on calibration accuracy. Four hydroxyapatite standards were imaged in air on 7 occasions over 19 weeks using a helical multi-slice CT scanner. Each standard was scanned 5 times in different media: porcine soft tissue, water, and air. Calibrated densities were highly repeatable (CV<3.5%). No difference in density was observed between water and soft tissue conditions (p>0.08). This work provides a model for determining repeatable scanner-specific density calibration, demonstrates that the linear relationship between Hounsfield units and density extends to values typical of cortical bone, and supports the practice of imaging calibration standards in an environment similar to that of the target bone.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.147-153
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• 2023

Lampung is a malaria-endemic region in Indonesia with an annual parasite incidence of 0.06 per 1,000 population. The socio-demographic factors, clinical conditions, and artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) types might affect parasite clearance and parasite density. This study aims to investigate factors that influence parasite clearance and parasite density in malaria patients. A retrospective analytic observational and a cross-sectional approach was used to conduct this study. A total of 66 malaria patients were examined to investigate parasite density and clearance, socio-demographic profiles, clinical conditions, and ACT types. To analyze data, univariate, bivariate, and multivariate tests were used. Age (P=0.045; r=0.238) and ACT type (P=0.021; r=0.273) were the only variables that had a significant correlation with parasite clearance. Age (P=0.003; r=0.345) had a significant correlation with parasite density. The most influential factors related to parasite clearance were the ACT type (dihydroartemisinin piperaquine) (P=0.017; odds ratio (OR) 0.109; 95.0% confidence interval (CI), 0.018-0.675) and age (P=0.030; OR 0.132; 95.0% CI, 0.021-0.823). Age (P=0.046; OR 0.320; 0.105-0.978, 95.0% CI) was the most significant variable associated with parasite density.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.383-392
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• 1998

Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic disease of the bone, and constitutes one of the most important major pubulic health problems world wide. Therefore, in order to be helped early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of osteoporosis, measurement of Bone Mineral Density (BMD) is to be needed. Authors has analysed Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of 480 normal adults who visited woo suk unoversity Oriental Meclical Center from April 1998 to July 1998. The aims of this study is to investigate correlation between Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and age distribution, to examine the correlation between Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and Obesity. The results were as follows. 1. In distribution of age, the peak bone density of lumbar spine was noted around 30 years, and the peak bone density of the femoral neck was noted around 20 years. The age related loss of bone density follows soon after peak density. And the signifficant difference was revealed between lumbar spine and femoral neck bone density (p<0.001) 2. In distribution of sex, the bone density in male was signifficantly higher than in female (p<0.001). 3. In the correlation between Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and Obesity, Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in obese group was signifficantly higher than in non-obese group. Especially, in female from 50 up to 69 years, BMD had a positive correlation with Body mass index(BMI).