• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.95-106
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• 2019

The decommissioning of nuclear power plants should be prepared by quantitative and qualitative risk assessment. Radiological and non-radiological hazards arising during decommissioning activities must be assessed to ensure the safety of decommissioning workers and the public. Decommissioning experiences by U.S. operators have mainly focused on deterministic risk assessment, which is standardized by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory commission (NRC) and focuses only on the consequences of risk. However, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has suggested an alternative to the deterministic approach, called the risk matrix technique. The risk matrix technique considers both the consequence and likelihood of risk. In this study, decommissioning stages, processes, and activities are organized under a work breakdown structure. Potential accidents in the decommissioning process of NPPs are analyzed using the composite risk matrix to assess both radiological and non-radiological hazards. The levels of risk for all potential accidents considered by U.S. NPP operators who have performed decommissioning were estimated based on their consequences and likelihood of events.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.59-90
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• 2022

Purpose This paper presents a new method of classifying online platforms. It also explains how to apply the framework using case studies and generate new insight about platform strategies and policy development. Design/methodology/approach This paper focuses on the relationship between platforms, especially the hierarchy and power relations, and broadly classifies platforms as follows: content/services, meta information, app stores, operating systems, and cloud. Both the content/service platform and the meta information platform have matching as their main function. However, most content/services tend to collect and access information through meta-information platforms, so meta-information platforms are closer to infrastructure than content/service platforms. App store, operating system, and cloud can be said to be platforms of platforms. A small number of companies in the US and China dominate platforms of platforms, and become the recent development and regulatory targets of their respective governments. Findings We should be wary of the attempts to regulate domestic platforms by importing foreign regulations that ignore the hierarchical structure that our framework highlights. We believe that Korea's strategy to become a true platform powerhouse is clear. As one of the few countries with significant companies in the area of meta information platforms, it will be necessary to fully utilize the position and advance into the strategically important area of platforms of platforms. Furthermore, it is necessary to encourage world-class companies to appear in Korea in the app store, operating system, and cloud. To do so, the government needs to introduce promotion policies to strategically nurture such platforms rather than to regulate them.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.7
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• pp.2444-2452
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• 2022

The field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is gaining popularity in industrial automation such as nuclear power plant instrumentation and control (I&C) systems due to the benefits of having non-existence of operating system, minimum software errors, and minimum common reason failures. Separate functions can be processed individually and in parallel on the same integrated circuit using FPGAs in comparison to the conventional microprocessor-based systems used in any plant operations. The use of FPGAs offers the potential to minimize complexity and the accompanying difficulty of securing regulatory approval, as well as provide superior protection against obsolescence. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a new technology for acquiring and processing plant data wirelessly in which sensor nodes are configured for real-time signal processing, data acquisition, and monitoring. ZigBee (IEEE 802.15.4) is an open worldwide standard for minimum power, low-cost machine-to-machine (M2M), and internet of things (IoT) enabled wireless network communication. It is always a challenge to follow the specific topology when different Zigbee nodes are placed in a large network such as a plant. The research article focuses on the hardware chip design of different topological structures supported by ZigBee that can be used for monitoring and controlling the different operations of the plant and evaluates the performance in Vitex-5 FPGA hardware. The research work presents a strategy for configuring FPGA with ZigBee sensor nodes when communicating in a large area such as an industrial plant for real-time monitoring.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.938-948
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• 2022

Gastric cancers (GC) are generally malignant tumors, occurring with high incidence and threatening public health around the world. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play crucial roles in modulating various cancers, including GC. However, the functions of circRNAs and their regulatory mechanism in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain largely unknown. This study focuses on both the role of circCOL1A2 in CRC progression as well as its downstream molecular mechanism. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot were adopted for gene expression analysis. Functional experiments were performed to study the biological functions. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and subcellular fraction assays were employed to detect the subcellular distribution. Luciferase reporter, RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP), co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), RNA pull-down, and immunofluorescence (IF) and immunoprecipitation (IP) assays were used to explore the underlying mechanisms. Our results found circCOL1A2 to be not only upregulated in GC cells, but that it also propels the migration and invasion of GC cells. CircCOL1A2 functions as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by sequestering microRNA-1286 (miR-1286) to modulate ubiquitin-specific peptidase 10 (USP10), which in turn spurs the migration and invasion of GC cells by regulating RFC2. In sum, CircCOL1A2 sponges miR-1286 to promote cell invasion and migration of GC by elevating the expression of USP10 to downregulate the level of RFC2 ubiquitination. Our study offers a potential novel target for the early diagnosis and treatment of GC.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.91-117
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• 2020

This study aimed to understand the relationships among the institutional pressure and the level of compliance and corporate value. The research focuses on four main variables, which are regulatory pressure, normative pressure, and cultural-cognitive pressure as the institutional pressure, and the CSR score as the level of the firm's compliance. We examined the impact of the institutional pressure on the firm's compliance-level, together with the effect of compliance level on the corporate value. We analyzed the 3,792 CSR data listed in China's A market and 31 province and city-level data from China. Results showed that institutional pressure had a positive influence on the firm's compliance level. The corporate value was greater with a high compliance level when the institutional pressure was high. The firm's compliance level negatively influenced corporate value when the institutional pressure was low. This study took into account a level of institutional pressures in three dimensions when investigating the effect of CSR compliance level on the corporate value. Thus, this study has a unique academic contribution by demonstrating that CSR activities can have a positive or negative effect depending on the institutional environment for each firm. The findings of this study also provide valuable insights to industry practitioners by suggesting the importance of considering the institution-specific condition when deciding to comply with the institutional pressure.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.134-139
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• 2024

Background: Increasing numbers of studies and research about artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have led to their application in clinical trials. The purpose of this study is to analyze computer-based new technologies (AI/ML) applied on clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov to elucidate current usage of these technologies. Methods: As of March 1st, 2023, protocols listed on ClinicalTrials.gov that claimed to use AI/ML and included at least one of the following interventions-Drug, Biological, Dietary Supplement, or Combination Product-were selected. The selected protocols were classified according to their context of use: 1) drug discovery; 2) toxicity prediction; 3) enrichment; 4) risk stratification/management; 5) dose selection/optimization; 6) adherence; 7) synthetic control; 8) endpoint assessment; 9) postmarketing surveillance; and 10) drug selection. Results: The applications of AI/ML were explored in 131 clinical trial protocols. The areas where AI/ML was most frequently utilized in clinical trials included endpoint assessment (n=80), followed by dose selection/optimization (n=15), risk stratification/management (n=13), drug discovery (n=4), adherence (n=4), drug selection (n=1) and enrichment (n=1). Conclusion: The most frequent application of AI/ML in clinical trials is in the fields of endpoint assessment, where the utilization is primarily focuses on the diagnosis of disease by imaging or video analyses. The number of clinical trials using artificial intelligence will increase as the technology continues to develop rapidly, making it necessary for regulatory associates to establish proper regulations for these clinical trials.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.6774-6781
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• 2014

This study examined the efficacy and the mechanism of action of biological response modifiers, ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 isolated from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer on human keratinocytes HaCaT cell lines. A non-significant cytotoxic response was obtained in the HaCaT cell lines on treatment with various concentrations of ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 for different time durations. Furthermore, the global changes in the mRNA profile of HaCaT cells were investigated using DNA microarrays after stimulation with the ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1. Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 strongly increased FGF2 in HaCaT cells, and were found to be a candidate gene for antioxidant activity and elasticity. Other key candidate genes for antioxidant activity, such as FANCD2, LEPR, and FAS, also show enhanced regulation in HaCaT cells treated with ginsenoside Rb1. This study will be useful for understanding the regulatory genes involved in skin elasticity and signal transduction pathway stimulated by the ginsenoside Rb1. This paper currently focuses on the key factors regulating the interaction of anti-aging principles and skin elasticity.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.157-163
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• 1993

The present study focuses on simulating river profile changes downstream of the Daecheong multipurpose dam by using the computer program HEC-6, which was developed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers. The dam locates at the Keum river, a typical alluvial stream, whose bed material is composed mostly of fine and medium sands. The study reveals that after the completion of dam, a 15 km long reach downstream from the regulatory dam was severely degraded by about 2~3 m. No further severe degradation of this reach is expected, however, because the river-bed of this reach has been well armored since then with gravels and cobbles. Some places in the study reach were degraded locally by 2 m, due mainly to the large-scale gravel mining activities in that reach. On the other hand, a 20 km long reach in downstream study reach is aggraded more or less by 0.5~1 m. Calculation by the computer program HEC-6 is close to measurement for the study river reach. According to the results by HEC-6, the study river reach would remain generally stable in the future, except a few places in the mid-upstream where further river-bed degradation of 1~2 m would occur and a few places in the far downstream where local river-bed aggradations of about 0.5 m would occur.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.30
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• pp.121-141
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• 2005

Most of the convergence studies argue the reform of the current policy regime of broadcasting and telecommunications in Korea from two perspectives: 1) the media governance perspective and 2) the media industry perspective. The former emphasizes the need of integrity, consistency and efficiency of the regime in the convergence environment, while the latter focuses upon the growth and development of the media industry making the best of economic and industrial opportunities that are spawned by digital convergence. Although their arguments are logical and robust, they are lopsided in terms of legalism and myopic economism due to the linear perception of institutionalism, Bureaucratic administrative practices as well as ostentatious IT policies that have chronically plagued the policy regime in Korea cannot be resolved by simply assimilating distinct regulatory bodies and laws. Unless these two issues are properly addressed, the convergence of media policy institutions would end up a half-success or half-failure contrary to the exportations of existing studies.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.437-447
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• 2023

By actively adopting technologies from the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the port industry is trending toward new types of ports, such as automated and smart ports. However, behind the development of these ports, there is an increasing risk of cyber security incidents and threats within ports and container terminals, including information leakage through cargo handling equipment and ransomware attacks leading to disruptions in terminal operations. Despite the necessity of research to enhance cyber security within ports, there is a lack of such studies in the domestic context. This study focuses on Busan Port, a representative port in South Korea that actively incorporates technology from the Fourth Industrial Revolution, in order to discover variables for improving cyber security in container terminals. The research results categorized factors for enhancing cyber security in Busan Port's container terminals into network construction and policy support, standardization of education and personnel training, and legal and regulatory factors. Subsequently, multiple regression analysis was conducted based on these factors, leading to the identification of detailed factors for securing and enhancing safety, reliability, performance, and satisfaction in Busan Port's container terminals. The significance of this study lies in providing direction for enhancing cyber security in Busan Port's container terminals and addressing the increasing incidents of cyber security attacks within ports and container terminals.