• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.7277-7281
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• 2013

Background: Globally, there have been important changes in trends amongst gender, histology and smoking patterns of lung cancer cases. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 466 patients with lung cancer who were registered in Regional Cancer Center, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Manipur from January 2008 to December 2012. Results: Most were more than 60 years of age (67.8%) with a male: female ratio of 1.09:1. Some 78.8% of patients were chronic smokers with male smoker to female smoker ratio of 1.43:1. Consumption of alcohol was found in 29.4%, both smoking and alcohol in 27.5%, betel nut chewing in 37.9% and tobacco chewing in 25.3%. A history of tuberculosis was present in 16.3% of patients. The most frequent symptom was coughing (36.6%) and most common radiological presentation was a mass lesion (70%). Most of the patients had primary lung cancer in the right lung (60.3%). The most common histological subtype was squamous cell carcinoma (49.1%), also in the 40-60 year age group (45.9%), more than 60 year age group (51.6%), males (58.1%) and females (41.8%). As many as 91.9% of squamous cell carcinoma patients had a history of smoking. About 32.5% of patients had distant metastasis at presentation with brain (23.8%) and positive malignant cells in pleural effusions (23.1%) as common sites. The majority of patients were in stage III (34.4%), stage IV (32.5%) and stage II (30.2%). Conclusions: Our analysis suggests that the gender gap has been narrowed such that about half of the patients diagnosed with lung cancer are women in this part of India. This alarming rise in female incidence is mainly attributed to an increased smoking pattern. Squamous cell carcinoma still remains the commonest histological subtype. Most of the patients were elderly aged and presented at locally or distantly advanced stages.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.101-113
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• 2005

The seasonal variation and frequency of precipitation phenomenon of the Honam region in summer show strong local weather phenomena because of its topographical and geographical factors in southwestern area of Korea. The propose of this treatise is to induce variation patterns over a period 10 days of summer precipitation(that is one of the important elements of the precipitation characteristics), clarify the variations of their space scales, and study the subdivision of precipitation regions in Honam according to the combinations of precipitation amounts and variation pattern over a period of a 10 days of summer precipitation, using the mean values during the years 1994$\sim$2003 at 79 stations(the surface synoptic stations 16 AWS 63) of Honam region. The classified precipitation of a period of 10 days summer precipitation, and the principal component vector and the amplitude coefficient by the principal component analysis were used for this study. The characteristics of variation pattern over a period of 10 days of summer precipitation can be chiefly divided into four categories and the accumulated contributory rate of these is 78.0%. And the change patterns of summer precipitation during a period of 10 days in honam region are classified into 11 types from A to K And regional divisions of summer precipitation in Honam region can be classified into 18 types.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.2426-2441
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• 2008

This research is analyzed by the operation frequency of Regional Railroad and the Load Factor on the level of each service based on the Regional railroad ticket sales data on the 2007 fiscal year. Because the Regional Railroad passenger's satisfaction is sensitive of the transportation demand alteration, this research analyzed LOS. In addition to, analyzed the LOS will affect driving patterns of the Regional Railroad.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.80-87
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• 2019

In this paper, we propose a method to apply the polynomial fitting for regional-residual separation of microgravity data based on the characteristics of gravity anomaly without a prior information. Since the microgravity survey is usually carried out in small regions, it is common to approximate regional anomaly by the first-order polynomial plane. However, if the regional anomaly patterns are difficult to be approximated to a first-order plane, the complete gravity anomaly is divided into small zones enough to approximate first-order plane by means of Parasnis density estimation method. The regional-residual separation is then applied on the splitted zones individually. When the gravity anomalies can be splitted spatially, we showed that the residual anomalies can be more effectively extracted based on the regional geological structures by regional anomaly separation from each of the divided regions, rather than applying the entire data set at one time.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.1 s.54
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• pp.63-70
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• 2006

This study investigates and analyzes natural traits in Gaudi's architectural designs on the assumption that the naturalism in his architectural designs has been built heavily on regional cultural background. In particular, focusing on four buildings Gaudi designed in his late years, this study distinguishes between natural traits found in ornaments and details, and natural traits as organic expression of form. This study shows, first, with regard to natural traits in ornaments and details, organic motives were applied to patterns, plastic objects, and parts of the building. Second, natural traits in organic expression of form were reflected by typifying $Catalu\tilde{n}a$ regional nature, using curved lines of organic shapes and realizing lively natural creatures. It is remarkable that Gaudi developed his architectural designs as unique magic naturalism based on his imagination. And In this century 'Regional Culture' gets more important in architectural designs. Gaudi's architectural works can be appreciated to represent very well $Catalu\tilde{n}a$ regional cultural identity by using properly its natural motives and objects.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2021

Purpose: The ability to access clinical trials for cancer treatment is important. This study investigated whether regional differences exist in oncologic clinical trial protocols conducted in South Korea. Methods: Records of all approved oncologic clinical trials conducted in 2019 were downloaded from the Republic of Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. The study covered Seoul, the capital area, other metropolitan cities, and provincial areas. Descriptive statistics summarized the distribution patterns of clinical trials by region. Results: A total of 202 oncologic clinical trials were conducted in 63 institutions in 2019. Of these protocols, 186 (92%) were available in Seoul, 120 (59%) in the capital area, 64 (32%) in metropolitan cities, and 66 (33%) in provincial areas. More regional differences in protocol availability were observed in domestic trials, investigator-initiated trials, phase 1 and 2 trials, and smaller-scale trials. Conclusion: Most oncologic clinical trials were conducted in medical institutions located in Seoul, with the rest conducted in the capital area, metropolitan cities, and provincial areas. The findings reveal clear differences in protocol availability between Seoul and the other regions. Measures designed to improve geographical access to oncologic clinical trials may be needed given their growing importance in cancer treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.116-126
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to analyze the growing course of Busan, Gimhae and Jinhae and further find patterns of the urban growth. This study shows that patterns of the urban growth differ from city to city, being influenced by the city's characteristics. Acknowledging this fact would help the decision maker to determine the developing plan of the urban. The methodology for this study is as follows; Fuzzy set concept is applied to minimize the data loss. At the same time, the AHP is used to give a relative weight to each factor. In order to be able to manage the change based on the dynamic model and time, Cellular Automata is introduced to simulate the growth of urban. The results show that the pattern of Gimhae's and Jinhae's growth is the same, whereas that of Busan is different from them. That is to say, each city has regional characteristics. And the pattern of the urban growth is influenced by the regional conditions of the city.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-24
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• 1996

This paper is a case study on regional linkages of producer services in Chinju region. Producer service appeared as the most rapid growth sector in service industry. In Chinju region. manufacturing firms purchase generalized producer service within the region. However the higher-order service, they demand; the remoter metropolis especially Seoul, they depend on. Linkage patterns among manufacturing sectors are similar; but then the firms whose managers are from Chinju or Gyeong-nam region had stronger regional linkages than others. Public institute such as Chamber of Commerce & Industry, University Research Institute of Industrial Technology. Korea Technology Credit Guarantee Fund, Korea Silk Research Institute have made important role as suppliers of public producer services in Chinju Region. As present stage, their services of industrial technology, fiancing, and information are not only fit regional demand but also spatially limited within region. The facts that large firms purchase high-order services from other region and small firms have not good demand of producer service suggest regional policy implication about supplying relevant producer service in the region.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.9-28
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• 1995

How have they preserved the regional historic buildings in Korea? Do they preserve the original value as a historic building. Are there any artificial deformations deteriorating the quality of the buildings? Is the regional system for preservation effective agalnst the artificial deformations of the buildings? These questions are involved in the purposes of this paper. I investigated the historic buildings designated by Kyong-Nam provincial government. As the resuit, variouse patterns of artificial deformation were found. I found that the deformations may deteriorate the original quality of historic building, and it is related somehow to the limitations of regional system for preservation. So I suggest some alternative ideas for preserving the quality of historic buildings against artificial deformation : a. Present system for preservation is not effective for preserving various architectural value such as urban context and landscape, site planning techniques, function of a space, etc. Regional system should be revised for preserving their architectural value or meaning. b. Historic buildings should be classified and should have proper protecting area according to each architectural values or meanings, respectibly: Historic buildings with Urban context and landscape Historic buildings as a part of a complex Historic buildings as a behavorial setting. c. Historic buildings should be graded based on their quality. And standard and criteria for acceptable deformations should be established. d. Periodical inspections by experts should be carried out to check out the deformation.

• World Technopolis Review
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.129-140
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• 2012

This paper presents, from a broad perspective, the manner in which various types of clusters and options for regional development have evolved in Korea over the past decade, with particular emphasis on who have taken initiative in establishing the clusters. Characterized by not only progress but also setbacks, two distinctive patterns have emerged: centralized de-concentration and regionalized concentration. Both the Korean government and numerous localities have continuously extended efforts to create different clusters, technology parks, special districts, etc. In many cases, local or regional governments have competed intensely for clusters to be located in their jurisdictions; in particular, concerted efforts to convince national governments to set up special districts have been witnessed. On the other hand, major localities have made their own efforts to generate large- and small-scale clustering projects. It remains to be seen how different outcomes or effectiveness these two approaches will make in the future. Following the review of relevant literature and practices, I examine the well-known national campaign and projects in the previous administration in Korea in the context of 'de-concentration' of economic values and resources. Thereafter, other cases initiated mostly by local governments are discussed; some of these clustering efforts and regional projects have fared well thus far, but some haven't. In the case of Daegu, the progress of some critical projects, such as the Daegu Technopolis and a Free Economic Zone, is elaborated.