• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.77 no.4
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• pp.473-479
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• 2021

The propagation of plane waves in a linear, homogeneous and isotropic nonlocal generalized thermoelastic solid medium is considered in the framework of Lord and Shulman generalization. The governing field equations are formulated and specialized in a plane. Plane wave solutions of governing equations show that there exists three plane waves, namely, P, thermal and SV waves which propagate with distinct speeds. Reflection of P and SV waves from thermally insulated or isothermal boundary of a half-space is considered. The relevant boundary conditions are applied at stress free boundary and a non-homogeneous system of three equations in reflection coefficients is obtained. For incidence of both P and SV waves, the expressions for energy ratios of reflected P, thermal and SV waves are also obtained. The speeds and energy ratios of reflected waves are computed for relevant physical constants of a thermoelastic material. The speeds of plane waves are plotted against nonlocal parameter and frequency. The energy ratios of reflected waves are also plotted against the angle of incidence of P wave at a thermally insulated stress-free surface. The effect of nonlocal parameter is shown graphically on the speeds and energy ratios of reflected waves.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.513-520
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• 2022

During the long-time service of a bolt, its preload may suffer slight perturbations or significant reductions. It is a dilemma to monitor preload changes at high resolution and full scale. Approaches for bolt preload monitoring with multi-resolution should be developed. In this paper, a simple and effective multi-resolution bolt preload monitoring approach using ultrasonic guided waves (UGW) is proposed. A linear relationship between the time-of-flight (TOF) variation of multi-reflected waves and preload is derived to theoretically reveal the multi-resolution properties of UGW. The variations of TOF before and after the slight preload perturbations are extracted by using a global evaluation method. Experimental results show that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the 1^st, 2^nd, and 3^rd-reflected UGWs is larger than 20 dB. The resolution of the 2^nd-reflected UGW is higher than that of the 1^st-reflected UGW and lower than that of the 3^rd-reflected UGW. The ultimate detectable resolutions of bolt preload (DRBP) of the 1^st and 3^th-reflected UGWs are 0.9% and 0.5%, respectively. By using the 1^st and 3^th-reflected guided waves, the bolt looseness with different degrees can be monitored simultaneously.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.251-255
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• 2005

When the extracorporeal shock wave lithotriptor is operated, sounds can be heard. Then that might be a question about the location where the sounds come from. For the purpose of investigating the fact, we identify the location of the sounds radiated using one hydrophone. In order to carry out the experiment, it is needed to obtain direct waves from objects. Therefore, we present an experimental method to reduce reflected waves for obtaining direct waves only. The experimental results show the amplitude of waves can be attenuated about 28dB due to a silicon rubber plate of 8.5mm attached at the bottom. This is a quantified result that can expect to obtain the direct waves using the proposed method. Then, we carried out the experiment for the sound source location. From the experimental results, we can undoubtedly present a fact that the sounds are radiated from the objects to be shot due to shock waves.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.117-135
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• 2009

The reflection and transmission of micropolar thermoelastic plane waves at the interface between an elastic solid and micropolar generalized thermoelastic solid is discussed. The interface boundary conditions obtained contain interface stiffness (normal stiffness and transverse stiffness). The expressions for the reflection and transmission coefficients which are the ratios of the amplitudes of reflected and transmitted waves to the amplitude of incident waves are obtained for normal force stiffness, transverse force stiffness and welded contact. Numerical calculations have been performed for amplitude ratios of various reflected and transmitted waves. The variations of amplitude ratios with angle of incident wave have been depicted graphically. It is found that the amplitude ratios of reflected and transmitted waves are affected by the stiffness, micropolarity and thermal distribution of the media.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.128-137
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• 2024

It is necessary to develop a pulsatile Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator (p-ECMO) with counter-pulsation control(CPC), which ejects blood during the diastolic phase of the heart rather than the systolic phase, due to the known issues with conventional ECMO causing fatal complications such as ventricular dilation and pulmonary edema. A promising method to simultaneously detect the pulsations of the heart and p-ECMO is to analyze blood pressure waveforms using deep neural network technology(DNN). However, the accurate detection of cardiac rhythms by DNNs is challenging due to various noises such as pulsations from p-ECMO, reflected waves in the vessels, and other dynamic noises. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of DNNs developed for CPC in p-ECMO, using human-like blood pressure waveforms reproduced in an in-vitro experiment. Especially, an experimental setup that reproduces reflected waves commonly observed in actual patients was developed, and the impact of these waves on DNN judgments was assessed using a multiple DNN (m-DNN) that provides accurate determinations along with a separate index for heartbeat recognition ability. In the experimental setup inducing reflected waves, it was observed that the shape of the blood pressure waveform became increasingly complex, which coincided with an increase in harmonic components, as evident from the Fast Fourier Transform results of the blood pressure wave. It was observed that the recognition score (RS) of DNNs decreased in blood pressure waveforms with significant harmonic components, separate from the frequency components caused by the heart and p-ECMO. This study demonstrated that each DNN trained on blood pressure waveforms without reflected waves showed low RS when faced with waveforms containing reflected waves. However, the accuracy of the final results from the m-DNN remained high even in the presence of reflected waves.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 2021

In order to perform a precise wave tank experiment, it is necessary to maintain the incident wave generated by the wavemaker in a steady state and to effectively remove the reflected waves. In this paper, a combined sloping-wall-type punching plate wave absorber was proposed to attenuate reflected waves effectively in a two-dimensional mini wave tank. Using the four-point reflection separation method, the reflected waves were measured to determine the reflection coefficients. Experiments were conducted under various punching plate porosities, sloping plate angles, and incident wave conditions to evaluate the performance of the combined punching plate wave absorber. The most effective wave absorbing performance was achieved when the porosity was 10% and the inclination angle of the punching plate was 18.6° under the present condition. It was also found that the installation of the sloping plate could improve the wave attenuation performance by generating the shoaling effect of the incident wave.

• Proceedings of the Korea Electromagnetic Engineering Society Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.34-38
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• 2001

This paper proposes a CP-OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing using Circular Polarization) system for improving the system performance. The circular polarization has a characteristic that it cannot receive the reflected waves which are reflected by odd times. By reducing the influences of the reflected waves, the circular polarization can reduce the time delay spread and the inter-channel interference. The guard interval needed for the OFDM frame can be minimized and the orthogonality between subchannels can be improved by using circular polarization. Therefore the proposed CP-OFDM system can improve the system performance as well as the spectrum efficiency. Both theoretical analysis and system simulation results are described.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.21 no.B
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• pp.175-185
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• 2001

A numerical model is represented to calculate the reflected waves, the runup of waves and the wave induced velocities on impermeable slopes for the normally incident wave trains of nonlinear monochromatic wave and solitary wave. The finite amplitude shallow water equations with the effects of bottom friction are solved numerically in time domain using an explicit dissipative Lax-Wendroff finite difference method. The numerical model is verified by comparisons with the other numerical results, the measured data and asymptotic results. It is found that the uprushing and downrushing of incident waves may be accurately predicted by the present numerical model. Therefore, the present numerical model can be applicable to swells as well as long waves.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.56-66
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• 1996

In this study, the characteristics of generation and propagarion of transient wave induced in the assembly of four collecting plate upon the propagation of waves are analyzed. Also double exposure holographic inteferometry using ruby pulse laser is built in order to investigate the propagation of transient waves generated by impact load. When impact load was applied at edge of connecting band, the vibration of collecting plates was generated from the contact points between collecting plate and band which connects four collecting plates. Waves generated from the lower part and those reflected from the upper part were mixed as time went on and then formed very complex shapes. Also, when impact load was aplied at center of collecting plate, the waves propagating across the convexo-concave plane were reflected partly at curved section. Therefore the vibration amplitude was decreased as the transiet waves were propagated through the convexo-concave plane.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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• v.73 no.10
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• pp.1512-1518
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• 2018

The problem of scalar wave scattering by a sphere on or near a planar substrate is analytically solved. The solution is a set of wave functions coming in the form of infinite series of spherical and plane waves. In air, the incident plane wave is either scattered by the sphere or reflected from the substrate. A part of these scattered or reflected waves propagate to the other object where it is reflected and scattered again. Such processes of scattering and reflection repeat in turn indefinitely to generate multiply scattered waves, which are represented in the corresponding terms in the infinite series. The term in the series can be arranged in a recognizable manner to explicitly reveal the involved process and the multiplicity of scattering.