• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.155-167
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• 2005

Korean infants' use of gesture was examined with 45 10-to 17-month olds. The mothers of infants were asked to check each word in the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory-Korean (MCDI-K) vocabulary checklist if their infant had a gesture for a given word and to indicate what kind of early communicative behavior she showed in 5 different situations. The results show that infants in this study have 11 gestures, of which many are learned within the context of routines or games. Referential gestures were rarely reported. There was no positive correlation between the number of gestures and the number of expressive words. However, more qualitative measures on early communicative behaviors show that there was a positive correlation between "frequent use of gestures" and "try to communicate by verbal means".

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.329-345
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• 2018

Sun Yung Shin's poetry collection Skirt Full of Black (2007) brings the author's personal history as a Korean female adoptee to bear upon poetic language in daring formal experiments, instantiating the liminal state of being shuttled across borders to land in an in-between state of marginalization. Other Korean American poets have also drawn on the experience of transnational adoption and racialization explore the literary potential of English to materialize haunting memories or the untranslatable yet persistent echoes of a lost home that gestures across linguistic boundaries, as seen in the case of Lee Herrick or Jennifer Kwon Dobbs. Shin however dismantles the referential foundation of English as a language she was transplanted into through formal transgressions such as frazzled syntax, atypical typography, decontextualized punctuation marks, and phonetic and visual play. The power to signify and thereby differentiate one entity or meaning from another dissipates in the cacophonic feast of signs in Skirt Full of Black; the word fragments of identificatory markers that turn racialized, gendered, and culturally contained subjects into exotic things lose the power to define them as such, and instead become alterities by departing from the conventional meaning-making dynamics of language. Expanding on the avant-garde legacy of Korean American poets Theresa Hak Kyung Cha and Myung Mi Kim to delve further into the liminal space between Korean and American, referential and representational, or spoken and written words, Shin carves out a space for discreteness that does not subscribe to the hierarchical ontology of differential value assignment.